Pandemik: Perbezaan antara semakan

* [[BlackMaut DeathHitam]], startedbermula 1300s1300an. TheJumlah totalkematian numberdi ofseluruh deathsdunia worldwidedianggarkan is estimated atsebanyak 75 millionjuta peopleorang.<ref>[http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/English/News/Archive/News08/blackdeathcemetery.htm New MOL Archaeology monograph: Black Death cemetery]. ''Archaeology at the Museum of London.''</ref>refLapan Eightratus hundredtahun yearsselepas afterwabak the last outbreakterakhir, thewabak [[plagueitu (disease)|plague]] returnedkembali toke [[EuropeEropah]]. StartingBermula indi [[Asia,]], thepenyakit diseaseini reachedsampai ke [[Mediterranean]] anddan westernEropah Europebarat inpada tahun 1348 (possiblymungkin fromdari Italianpeniaga merchantsItali fleeingmelarikan fightingdiri in thedi [[Crimea]]), and killeddan anmembunuh estimatedkira-kira 20 tohingga 30 millionjuta Europeansorang inEropah dalam sixenam yearstahun;<ref>[http://www.medhunters.com/articles/deathOnAGrandScale.html Death on a Grand Scale]. ''MedHunters.''</ref> asepertiga thirddari ofjumlah the total population,penduduk<ref>Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, in ''[[L'Histoire]]'' n° 310, JuneJun 2006, pp.45–46, say "between one-third and two-thirds"; Robert Gottfried (1983). "Black Death" in ''[[Dictionary of the Middle Ages]]'', volume 2, pp.257–67, says "between 25 and 45&nbsp;percent".</ref> and up to a half in the worst-affected urban areas.<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Plague Plague - LoveToKnow 1911]. 1911encyclopedia.org.</ref> It was the first of a cycle of European [[List of historical plagues|plague epidemics]] that continued until the 18th century.<ref>[http://urbanrim.org.uk/plague%20list.htm "A List of National Epidemics of Plague in England 1348-1665"]</ref> During this period, more than 100 plague epidemics swept across Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/may/16/health.books |title=Black Death blamed on man, not rats &#124; UK news &#124; The Observer |publisher=The Observer |author=Jo Revill |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> In England, for example, epidemics would continue in 2- to 5-year cycles from 1361 to 1480.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm |title=Texas Department of State Health Services, History of Plague |publisher=Dshs.state.tx.us |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> By the 1370s, England's population was reduced by 50%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_09.shtml |title=BBC{{–}} History{{–}} Black Death |publisher=bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> The [[Great Plague of London]] of 1665–66 was the last major outbreak of the [[Black Death in England|plague in England]]. The disease killed an estimated 100,000 people, 20% of London's population.<ref>[http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/plague.html The Great Plague of London, 1665]. ''The Harvard University Library, Open Collections Program: Contagion.''</ref>