Henti jantung: Perbezaan antara semakan

Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
Haziq Faruqi (bincang | sumb.)
Dicipta dengan menterjemah laman "Cardiac arrest"
 
Haziq Faruqi (bincang | sumb.)
Dicipta dengan menterjemah laman "Cardiac arrest"
Baris 1:
 
{{Infobox medical condition|name=Pegun jantung|risks=|frequency=13 bagi setiap 10,000 orang setahun (luar hospital di AS)<ref name=AHA2015Part4/>|prognosis=Kadar penakatan ~ 10% (luar hospital) 25% (dalam hospital)<ref name=Adam2012/><ref name=JAMA2019>{{cite journal |last1=Andersen |first1=LW |last2=Holmberg |first2=MJ |last3=Berg |first3=KM |last4=Donnino |first4=MW |last5=Granfeldt |first5=A |title=In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review. |journal=JAMA |date=26 March 2019 |volume=321 |issue=12 |pages=1200–1210 |doi=10.1001/jama.2019.1696 |pmid=30912843|pmc=6482460 }}</ref>|medication=|treatment=[[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari]] (CPR), [[defibrilasi]]<ref name=NIH2016Tx/>|prevention=Jangan merokok, kekal cergas, mengawal berat badan yang sihat<ref name=NIH2016Pre/>|differential=|diagnosis=Nadi tiada<ref name=Fie2009/>|causes=[[Penyakit arteri koronari]], [[penyakit jantung kongenital]], [[pendarahan|kehilangan darah]] yang banyak, kekurangan oksigen, [[hipokalemia|kekurangan kalium yang banyak]], [[kegagalan jantung]]<ref name=NIH2016Ca/>|image=US Navy 040421-N-8090G-001 Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Flowers administers chest compressions to a simulated cardiac arrest victim.jpg|duration=|onset=Lanjut usia<ref name=NIH2016Risk/>|complications=|symptoms=Hilang kesedaran, [[pegun pernafasan|pernafasan ganjil atau tiada]]<ref name=Fie2009/><ref name=NIH2016Sign/>|field=[[Kardiologi]], [[perubatan kecemasan]]|synonyms=Henti jantung, pegun kardiopulminari, jantung terhenti, jantung berhenti, pegun peredaran darah, pegun kardium, pegun kardiak, pegun kadium mengejut (SCA), kematian kardium mengejut (SCD)<ref name=Fie2009/>|caption=[[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari|RKP]] dilakukan semasa jantung berhenti.|deaths=> 425,000 per year (U.S.)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meaney |first1=PA |last2=Bobrow |first2=BJ |last3=Mancini |first3=ME |last4=Christenson |first4=J |last5=de Caen |first5=AR |last6=Bhanji |first6=F |last7=Abella |first7=BS |last8=Kleinman |first8=ME |last9=Edelson |first9=DP |last10=Berg |first10=RA |last11=Aufderheide |first11=TP |last12=Menon |first12=V |last13=Leary |first13=M |last14=CPR Quality Summit Investigators, the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and |first14=Resuscitation. |title=Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. |journal=Circulation |date=23 July 2013 |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=417–35 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654 |pmid=23801105}}</ref>}}'''Pegun jantung''' atau '''henti jantung''' ialah keadaan apabila terhentinya fungsi [[jantung]] tanpa denyutan jantung dan tekanan darah.<ref>Pegun jantung. Dari ''Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu''. [http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=pegun+jantung&d=28648&#LIHATSINI Istilah Bahasa Melayu].</ref> Tanda-tandanya ialah hilang kesedaran dan pernafasan yang ganjil atau terhenti.<ref name="Fie2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|title=The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR|last=Field|first=John M.|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781788991|page=11|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref><ref name="NIH2016Sign" /> Sesetengah individu boleh mengalami sakit dada, [[sesak nafas]], atau [[loya]] sebelum berlakunya pegun jantung.<ref name="NIH2016Sign">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827190624/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Jika ia tidak dirawat dengan serta-merta, ia boleh menyebabkan [[Ajal|kematian]].<ref name="NIH2016What">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|title=What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728031608/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
 
Sebab yang biasa berlakunya pegun jantung ialah [[penyakit jantung koronari]].<ref name="NIH2016Ca" /> Sebab-sebab lain ialah kehilangan darah, [[Hipoksia (perubatan)|kekurangan oksigen]], kekurangan kalium, [[kegagalan jantung]], dan senaman yang melampau.<ref name="NIH2016Ca" /> Masalah keturunan juga boleh meningkatkan risikonya seperti sindrom QT panjang. Denyutan awal jantung biasanya ialah pemfibrilan ventrikel.<ref name="NIH2016Ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/causes|title=What Causes Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728042233/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/causes|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Diagnosis ini disahkan apabila tiada nadi.<ref name="Fie2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|title=The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR|last=Field|first=John M.|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781788991|page=11|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> Biarpun pegun jantung boleh disebabkan oleh [[Penginfarkan miokardium|serangan jantung]] atau kegagalan jantung, ia bukan perkara yang sama.<ref name="NIH2016What">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|title=What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728031608/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
 
Langkah pencegahan termasuklah tidak merokok, mengamalkan gaya hidup yang cergas, dan engekalkan berat badan yang sihat.<ref name="NIH2016Pre" /> Rawatan untuk pegun jantung termasuklah [[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari|pemulihan kardiopulmonari]] segera (''CPR'') dan, seandainya [[Defibrilator|perenjat denyutan]] ada, [[Defibrilator|defibrilasi]].<ref name="NIH2016Tx">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/treatment|title=How Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest Treated?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827184130/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/treatment|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Dalam kalangan penakat dan penyintas, pengawalan suhu bersasar boleh mengelokan pemulihan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=November 2016|title=Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review/meta-analysis exploring the impact of expanded criteria and targeted temperature|journal=Resuscitation|volume=108|pages=102–110|doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.238|pmid=27521472}}</ref><ref name="Arr2016">{{Cite journal|date=February 2016|title=Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2|pages=CD004128|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004128.pub4|pmc=6516972|pmid=26878327}}</ref> Sebuah implan defibrilator kardioversi boleh diletakkan untuk merendahkan peluang untuk mati akibat keterjadiannya.<ref name="NIH2016Pre">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/prevention|title=How Can Death Due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827200432/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/prevention|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
 
In the [[Amerika Syarikat|United States]], approximately 535,000 cases occur a year. About 13 per 10,000 people (326,000 or 61%) experience cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, while 209,000 (39%) occur within a hospital.<ref name="AHA2015Part4">{{Cite journal|date=November 2015|title=Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care|journal=Circulation|volume=132|issue=18 Suppl 2|pages=S397-413|doi=10.1161/cir.0000000000000258|pmid=26472992}}</ref> Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age. It affects males more often than females.<ref name="NIH2016Risk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/atrisk|title=Who Is at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823231651/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/atrisk|archive-date=23 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> The percentage of people who survive with treatment is about 8%. Many who survive have significant [[Kehilangan upaya|disability]]. However, many American television programs have portrayed unrealistically high survival rates of 67%.<ref name="Adam2012">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PA1771|title=Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult – Online)|last=Adams|first=James G.|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455733941|page=1771|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PA1771|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref>
 
== Tanda dan gejala ==
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Sesetengah tindakan segera dapat memulihkan jantung terhenti, tetapi jika tindakan tersebut langsung tidak dilakukan maut akan susuli.<ref name="Harrison2">{{Cite book|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine|vauthors=Jameson JL, Kasper DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division|year=2005|isbn=978-0-07-140235-4|location=New York|pages=|doi=|oclc=|access-date=}}</ref> Dalam sesetengah kes, pegun jantung ialah akibat yang dijangka dalam penyakit serius melibatkan maut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease|title=Mount Sinai – Cardiac arrest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515004036/http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref>
 
== Rujukan ==
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