Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat: Perbezaan antara semakan

Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
Tiada ringkasan suntingan
overhaul
Baris 1:
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name = Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat <ref name="spaceforce_about">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200611102803/http://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/About-Space-Force (Bahasa Inggeris) informasi dari laman web rasmi pada 11 Jun 2020]</ref>
| unit_name = Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat
| image = Seal of the United States Space Force.svg
| image_size =
| caption = Cap mohor
|start_date={{Start date and age|2019|12|20|df=yes}} (sebagai perkhidmatan bebas)
| start_date = {{Start date and age|2019|12|20|df=yes}} (sebagai perkhidmatan bebas)<br />1 September 1982 ({{Age in years and months|1982|9|1}} sebagai Komando Angkatan Udara)<ref name="USSF Fact Sheet">{{cite web|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheet|title=U.S. Space Force Fact Sheet|date=20 December 2019|work=Spaceforce.mil|publisher=United States Space Force|accessdate=21 December 2019}}</ref>
<br>01 September 1982 ({{Age in years and months|1982|9|1}} sebagai Air Force Space Command)
| dates =
|dates=
| country = {{flagu|Amerika Syarikat}}
|country={{flag|Amerika Syarikat}}
| type = [[Tentera angkasa]]
| role type= [[PeperanganTentera angkasa]]
|role=[[Peperangan angkasa]]
| size = 88 anggota Angkatan Angkasa bertugas aktif<ref>{{Cite web|title=Space Force unveils its service flag at White House ceremony|date=15 May 2020|first=Corey|last=Dickstein|work=Stars and Stripes|access-date=16 May 2020|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/us/space-force-unveils-its-service-flag-at-white-house-ceremony-1.629914|quote=Last month, the service increased from just two official members — Raymond and Towberman — to 88, when it added 86 second lieutenants who commissioned into the branch from the Air Force Academy.}}</ref><br/>16,000 tentera udara yang ditugaskan<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/FAQs/Whats-the-Space-Force|title=What's the Space Force|website=spaceforce.mil}}</ref><br/>77 kapal angkasa<ref>https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2020/06/Spaceforce.pdf</ref>
|size=16,000-22,000 anggota bertugas <ref name="spaceforce_8k">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200813084629/https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2212627/8k-airmen-volunteer-to-go-to-space "8K Airmen volunteer to go to Space" dari laman web rasmi pada 13 Ogos 2020]</ref><ref name="space_8k">[https://www.space.com/space-force-draws-over-8500-air-force-volunteers.html "More than 8,500 Air Force personnel volunteer to join US Space Force" dari space.com]</ref>
| command_structure = [[File:Seal of the United States Department of the Air Force.svg|25px]] [[Jabatan Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat]]
|command_structure=[[File:Seal of the United States Department of the Air Force.svg|25px]]<br> [[Jabatan Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat]]
| garrison = [[The Pentagon]]<br />Arlington County, Virginia, A.S.<ref name="USSF Fact Sheet"/>
|garrison=[[The Pentagon]]<br>[[Kaunti Arlington, Virginia]]
| garrison_label = Ibu pejabat
|garrison_label=Ibu pejabat
| motto =
|motto=
| colors =
|colors=
| colors_label = Warna
|colors_label=Warna
| march =
|march=
| anniversaries = 20 Disember
|anniversaries=20 Disember 2019
| battles =
|battles=
| equipment =
|equipment=
| decorations =
|decorations=
| website = {{URL|http://www.spaceforce.mil/}}
|website={{URL|http://www.spaceforce.mil}}
<!-- Commanders -->| commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of the United States of America.svg|size=23px}} [[Presiden Amerika Syarikat|Presiden]] [[Donald Trump]]
<!-- Commander -->
| commander1_label = Ketua Komandan
|commander1_label=[[Pemerintah Tertinggi Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat]]
| commander2 = {{Flagicon image|USSecDefflag.svg|size=23px}} [[Mark T. Esper]]
|commander1={{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of the United States of America.svg|size=23px}} [[Presiden Amerika Syarikat|Presiden]] [[Donald John Trump]]
| commander2_label = Ketua Setiausaha Pertahanan
|commander2_label=[[Setiausaha Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat]]
| commander3 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of the Air Force.svg|size=23px}} [[Barbara Barrett]]
|commander2={{Flagicon image|USSecDefflag.svg|size=23px}} [[Mark Thomas Esper]]
| commander3_label = Setiausaha Tentera Udara
|commander3_label=[[Setiausaha Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat]]
| commander4 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of a United States Air Force general.svg|size=23px}} Gen [[John W. Raymond]]
|commander3={{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of the Air Force.svg|size=23px}} Barbara McConnell Barrett
| commander4_label = Ketua Operasi Angkasa Lepas
|commander4_label=Chief Space Operations
| commander5 = CMSgt [[Roger A. Towberman]]
|commander4={{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chief of Space Operations.svg|size=23px}} John William Raymond
| commander5_label = Penasihat Pendaftar Kanan Angkatan Angkasa
|commander5_label=Vice Chief Space Operations
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol commander5={{Flagicon [[File:image|Flag of the UnitedVice StatesChief of Space ForceOperations.svg|200px]]size=23px}} David Dean Thompson
|commander6_label=Senior Enlisted Advisor
| identification_symbol_label = [[Bendera]]
|commander6={{Flagicon image|Flag of the Senior Enlisted Advisor of the Space Force.svg|size=23px}} Roger A. Towberman
|identification_symbol_label=[[Bendera]]
|identification_symbol=[[File:Flag of the United States Space Force.svg|200px]]
}}
[[Fail:President Trump Signs the 2020 NDAA (49259751062).jpg|thumb|332px|Trump telah mengumumkan penubuhan Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat pada 20 Disember 2019 di pangkalan tentera Joint Base Andrews]]
 
'''Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat''' ([[Bahasa Inggeris]] : '''United States Space Force''' ; [[singkatan]] : '''USSF''') ialah sebuah [[cabang tentera|cabang]] [[tentera angkasa]] dari [[Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat]] yang dibentuk untuk [[peperangan angkasa]] dan merupakan salah satu daripada enam perkhidmatan berseragam ASAmerika Syarikat.
 
Sebagai sebuah Cabang Angkatan Tentera ASAmerika Syarikat yang keenam dan termuda, ia merupakan cabang pertama tentera yang ditubuhkan sejak pembentukan [[Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat]] bebas pada tahun 1947.
 
==Sejarah==
Anteseden langsung Angkatan Angkasa, Komando Angkasa Udara, dibentuk pada 1 September 1982 dengan tanggungjawab untuk operasi [[peperangan angkasa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afspc.af.mil/About-Us/AFSPC-History/|title=AFSPC History|website=www.afspc.af.mil|access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref>
'''Air Force Space Command''', dibentuk pada 01 September 1982 dengan tanggungjawab untuk operasi [[peperangan angkasa]].<ref name="AFSC">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200813082754/https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197710/air-force-space-command "Air Force Space Command" dari laman web rasmi pada 13 Ogos 2020]</ref>
 
Pada 20 Disember 2019 di pangkalan tentera Joint Base Andrews, [[Presiden Amerika Syarikat|Presiden]] [[Donald John Trump]] menandatangani S.1790, National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) untuk Tahun Fiskal 2020.<ref name="AFSC"/><ref name="space_AFSC">[https://www.space.com/trump-creates-space-force-2020-defense-bill.html (Bahasa Inggeris) "Donald Trump Officially Establishes United States Space Force" di "space.com"]</ref>
Undang-Undang Kebenaran Pertahanan Kebangsaan untuk tahun 2020 melantik semula Komando Angkasa Udara sebagai Angkatan Angkasa Lepas AS, dan menetapkannya sebagai cabang bebas Angkatan Tentera AS pada 20 Disember 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s1790/text/enr#link=A_IX_D&nearest=H6E519C3D8D7C4DD7822C33EDAAF464B2|title=S. 1790: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020|last=|first=|date=19 December 2019|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
 
Akta tersebut telah mengarahkan bahawa Air Force Space Command direka semula sebagai [[Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat]] (United States Space Force) sebagai cabang cabang bebas Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat keenam.<ref name="AFSC"/><ref name="space_AFSC">[https://www.space.com/trump-creates-space-force-2020-defense-bill.html (Bahasa Inggeris) "Donald Trump Officially Establishes United States Space Force" di "space.com"]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s1790/text/enr#link=A_IX_D&nearest=H6E519C3D8D7C4DD7822C33EDAAF464B2|title=S. 1790: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020|last=|first=|date=19 December 2019|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
 
==Pemerintahan==
*[[Presiden Amerika Syarikat]]
**[[Pemerintah Tertinggi Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat]]
***[[Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat]]
****[[Jabatan Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat]]
*****Pejabat Chief Space Operations
******Space Missile Systems Center
******Space Operations Command
 
==Organisasi==
===Pejabat Chief Space Operations===
*Chief Space Operations
**Vice Chief Space Operations
***Director of Staff
****Deputy Chief of Space Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear
****Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis
****Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Personnel and Logistics
**Senior Enlisted Advisor
 
===Space Missile Systems Center===
Penjaga [[peluru berpandu balistik antara benua]] yang dimiliki oleh [[Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat]]<ref>[http://secure.afa.org/joinafa/AFMag2017/AFMag0617/mobile/index.html#p=75 "Air Force Space Command : ICBM test, launch range operations" dari Air Force Magazine pada Jun 2017]</ref>
 
===Space Operations Command===
[[Fail:Space Force Delta Garrisons Graphic.jpg|thumb|795px|center|Unit dan organisasi dalam Space Operations Command]]
[[File:US Space Force Logo.png|thumb|220px|Logo United States Space Force]]
Unit dan organisasi dengan pangkalan mereka dalam Space Operations Command :
* Space Training And Readiness (STAR) Delta Provisional, Peterson Air Force Base, [[Colorado]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163312/https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/STAR-DELTA Dari laman web rasmi pada 30 September 2020]</ref>
*Delta 2, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
*Delta 3, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
*Delta 4, Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado
*Delta 5, Vandenberg Air Force Base, [[California]]
*Delta 6, Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado<ref name=SFASR>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=Space Force Announces Significant Reorganization|url=https://www.airforcemag.com/space-force-organizations-take-shape-as-selection-boards-meet/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Air Force Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Delta 7, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
*Delta 8, Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado<ref name=SFASR />
*Delta 9, Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado<ref name=SFASR />
*Peterson–Schriever Garrison, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
*Buckley Garrison, Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado
 
==Keanggotaan==
Pada 13 Ogos 2020, ada agak 16,000 orang anggota yang sedang bertugas di Tentera Angkasa Amerika Syarikat.<ref name="spaceforce_8k"/><ref name="space_8k"/>
 
===Pakaian===
{{multiple image
|align=center
|total_width=795
|image1=SpaceForceCadets USAFA2020.jpg
|image2=Presentation of the U.S. Space Force Flag (49898771736).jpg
|image3=SpaceForce OCP uniform.jpg
|caption1=Pakaian kadet
|caption2=[[Pakaian seragam]]
|caption3=[[Pakaian tempur]]
|}}
Pakaian yang diguna oleh anggota Space Force
 
===Pangkat===
Berikut adalah [[pangkat tentera]] yang diguna oleh seorang ahli [[pegawai]]<ref>[https://www.military.com/space-force/officer-ranks.html "Space Force Officer Ranks" dari military.com]</ref> dan anggota [[lain-lain pangkat]].<ref>[https://www.military.com/space-force/enlisted-ranks.html "Space Force Enlisted Ranks" dari military.com]</ref>
 
====Pegawai====
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
![[Gaji]]
!O-1
!O-2
!O-3
!O-4
!O-5
!O-6
!O-7
!O-8
!O-9
!O-10
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Insignia
| [[File:US-O1 insignia.svg|22px]]
| [[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|22px]]
| [[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US-O4 insignia.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|70px]]
| [[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|35px]]
| [[File:US-O8_insignia.svg|65px]]
| [[File:US-O9_insignia.svg|100px]]
| [[File:US-O10_insignia.svg|135px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Pakaian seragam
| [[File:US Air Force O1 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O2 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O3 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O4 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O5 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O6 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O7 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O8 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O9 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
| [[File:US Air Force O10 shoulderboard.svg|60px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Gelaran]]
| [[Second lieutenant]]
| [[First lieutenant]]
| [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]]
| [[Major (United States)|Major]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
| [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier general]]
| [[Major general (United States)|Major general]]
| [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant general]]
| [[General (United States)|General]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Singkatan]]
| 2d Lt
| 1st Lt
| Capt
| Maj
| Lt Col
| Col
| Brig Gen
| Maj Gen
| Lt Gen
| Gen
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Lencana pangkat NATO]]
| OF-1
| OF-1
| OF-2
| OF-3
| OF-4
| OF-5
| OF-6
| OF-7
| OF-8
| OF-9
|}
====Lain-lain pangkat====
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
![[Gaji]]
!E-1
!E-2
!E-3
!E-4
!E-5
!E-6
!colspan=2 | E-7
!colspan=2 | E-8
!colspan=5 | E-9
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Insignia
|(Tiada)
| [[File:E2 USAF AM.svg|47px]]
| [[File:E3 USAF AM1.svg|47px]]
| [[File:E4 USAF SAM.svg|47px]]
| [[File:E5 USAF SSGT.svg|47px]]
| [[File:E6 USAF TSGT.svg|47px]]
| [[File:E7a USAF MSGT.svg|44px]]
| [[File:E7b USAF 1STSGT1.svg|44px]]
| [[File:E8a USAF SMSGT.svg|44px]]
| [[File:E8b USAF 1STSGT2.svg|44px]]
| [[File:E9a USAF CMSGT.svg|44px]]
| [[File:E9b USAF 1STSGT3.svg|44px]]
| [[File:E9c USAF CCMS.svg|44px]]
| [[File:USSF CMSgt.svg|44px]]
| [[File:USAF SEAC.svg|44px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Gelaran]]
| [[Airman Basic]]
| [[Airman]]
| [[Airman First Class|Airman first<br />class]]
| [[Senior Airman|Senior<br />airman]]
| [[Staff Sergeant|Staff<br />sergeant]]
| [[Technical Sergeant|Technical<br />sergeant]]
| colspan=2 | [[Master Sergeant|Master<br />sergeant]]
| colspan=2 | [[Senior Master Sergeant|Senior master<br />sergeant]]
| colspan=2 | [[Chief Master Sergeant|Chief master<br />sergeant]]
| [[Command Chief Master Sergeant|Command chief<br />master sergeant]]
| [[Senior Enlisted Advisor of the Space Force|Senior Enlisted Advisor<br /> of the Space Force]]
| [[Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman|Senior Enlisted Advisor<br />to the Chairman]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Singkatan]]
| AB
| Amn
| A1C
| SrA
| SSgt
| TSgt
| colspan=2 | MSgt{{NoteTag|name=FSR|Angkatan Angkasa tidak mempunyai pangkat "Sergeant Pertama" yang berasingan. Pangkat istimewa ini sebaliknya adalah billet kedudukan yang ditunjukkan oleh berlian dalam bidang atas, dan senior kepada rakan-rakan mereka yang tidak berlian.}}
| colspan=2 | SMSgt{{NoteTag|name=FSR}}
| colspan=2 | CMSgt{{NoteTag|name=FSR}}
| CCM
| SEASF
| SEAC
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Lencana pangkat NATO]]
| OR-1
| OR-2
| OR-3
| OR-4
| OR-5
| OR-6
| colspan=2 | OR-7
| colspan=2 | OR-8
| colspan=2 | OR-9
| OR-9
| OR-9
| OR-9
|-
|colspan=15|{{NoteFoot}}
|}
 
==Rujukan==
Baris 50 ⟶ 265:
==Pautan luar==
{{Commonscat|United States Space Force}}
{{Library resources box}}
 
*{{cite news |last= |first= |coauthors= |title=US Space Force Recruitment Video |work= |pages= |language= |publisher=US Space Force via Storyful |date=6 May 2020 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-space-force-releases-recruitment-163935126.html }}
* {{YouTube | id=J2nbWehU9U4 | title=20170622 Markup of HR2810 FY18NDAA&nbsp;— Strategic Forces (ID: 106134) U.S. House Armed Services Committee}}
Baris 58 ⟶ 271:
* [https://partner-mco-archive.s3.amazonaws.com/client_files/1533834803.pdf Final Report on Organizational and Management Structure for the National Security Space Components of the Department of Defense]
 
[[Kategori:Tentera Amerika Syarikat ]]