Penjarakan fizikal: Perbezaan antara semakan

{{distinguish|Jarak sosial|Isolasi sosial}}

[[Fail:Covid-19-curves-graphic-social-v2-ms-MY.gif|thumb|upright=1.6|PencegahanJarak puncaksosial tajammembantu mencegah puncak jangkitan, dikenaliyang sebagaitinggi meratakan("merendahkan [[lengkung wabakepidemik|lengkungan epidemik]],") menghalanguntuk perkhidmatanmembantu penjagaanperkhidmatan kesihatan daripadamenangani sesakpermintaan, dan juga membekalkan lebihmemperpanjang masa bagi vaksin/rawatan untuk dikembangkan. Penyebaran jangkitan dalam rangka masa yang lebih panjang membenarkan perkhidmatan penjagaan kesihatan mengurusmeningkat jumlah pesakitdan dengan lebih baikdiperbaiki.<ref name="Wiles_20200309">{{cite web |last1author-last=Wiles |first1author-first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=The three phases of Covid-19 &nbsp;– and how we can make it manageable |date=9 Mac 2020 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |location=Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |languageaccess-date=en9 Mac 2020 |websiteurl-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327120015/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |archive-date=27 Mac 2020}}</ref><ref name="Wiles_20200314">{{cite web |author-last=Wiles |author-first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=After 'Flatten the Curve', we must now 'Stop the Spread'. Here's what that means |date=14 Mac 2020 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |accessdatelocation=9Morningside, Auckland, New Zealand |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |access-date=13 Mac 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326232315/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/ |archive-date=926 Mac 2020}}</ref><ref name=Lancet2020Flatten"Anderson_20200309">{{Citecite journal |lastauthor-last1=Anderson |firstauthor-first1=Roy M.Malcom |author-link1=Roy Malcolm Anderson |author-last2=Heesterbeek |author-first2=Hans J. A. P. |author-last3=Klinkenberg |author-first3=Don |author-last4=Hollingsworth |author-first4=T. Déirdre |author-link4=:wikidata:Q42660467 |date=9 MarchMac 2020 |title=How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? |journal=[[The Lancet]] |volume=395 |issue=10228 |pages=931–934 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=32164834 |pmc=7158572 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/abstract |journalaccess-date=The28 Mac 2020 Lancet|languageurl-status=enlive |volumearchive-url=0|issue=10228|pages=931–934|doi=10https://web.1016archive.org/S0140web/20200327110325/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30567-5/fulltext |issn=0140archive-6736|pmiddate=3216483427 Mac 2020 |quote=A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigation—e.g., minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Islam|first1=Nazrul|last2=Sharp|first2=Stephen J|last3=Chowell|first3=Gerardo|last4=Shabnam|first4=Sharmin|last5=Kawachi|first5=Ichiro|last6=Lacey|first6=Ben|last7=Massaro|first7=Joseph M|last8=D’Agostino|first8=Ralph B|last9=White|first9=Martin|date=2020-07-15|title=Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries|url=http://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.m2743|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=370|pages=m2743|doi=10.1136/bmj.m2743|pmid=32669358|issn=1756-1833|pmc=7360923}}</ref>]]

== '''PenjarakkanPenjarakan sosial''' atau '''penjarakkan fizikal''' ({{lang-en|social distancing}}) ialah seaturanaturan tindakan [[kawalan jangkitan]] yang tidak melibatkan sebarang [[farmaseutikal|rawatan perubatan]]. yangIa bertujuan untuk menghentikan atau memperlahankan penyebaran sesuatu [[jangkitan|penyakit berjangkit]]. Objektif penjarakkan sosial adalah untuk mengurangkan kebarangkalian sentuhan antara orang yang membawa suatu jangkitan, dan mereka lain yang tidak terjangkit, untukbagi tujuan mengurangkanmenghentikan dan memperlahan [[penularan penyakit]], morbiditi dan akhirnya, [[Kadar kematian|kematian]].<ref name="JohnsonSunFreedman 2020">{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Carolyn Y. | last2=Sun | first2=Lena | last3=Freedman | first3=Andrew | title=Social distancing could buy U.S. valuable time against coronavirus |language=en | website=The Washington Post | date=10 Mac 2020 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/10/social-distancing-coronavirus/ | access-date=11 Mac 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/english/safety/pandemic-planning-social-distancing.pdf?lang=eng Pandemic Planning - Social Distancing Fact Sheet]</ref> dengan mengekalkan jarak fizikal antara individu dan mengurangkan kekerapan individu bersentuhan antara satu sama lain.<ref name="WHO_20200320">{{cite web |title=COVID-19 |author-first1=Margaret |author-last1=Harris |author-first2=Tedros |author-last2=Adhanom Ghebreyesus |author-link2=Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus |author-first3=Tu |author-last3=Liu |author-first4=Michael "Mike" J. |author-last4=Ryan |author-link4=Michael J. Ryan (doctor) |author5=Vadia<!-- Nowruz, Iran --> |author-first6=Maria D. |author-last6=Van Kerkhove |author-link6=Maria D. Van Kerkhove |author7=Diego<!-- Vortex --> |author-first8=Imogen |author-last8=Foulkes |author-first9=Charles |author-last9=Ondelam |author-first10=Corinne |author-last10=Gretler |author11=Costas<!-- ERT, Greece --> |date=20 Mac 2020 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0 |access-date=29 Mac 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325084602/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0 |archive-date=25 Mac 2020}}</ref>Biasanya ia melibatkan penjagaan jarak tertentu dari orang lain (jarak yang ditentukan berbeza dari satu negara ke negara yang lain dan dapat berubah mengikut masa) dan mengelakkan berkumpul dalam kumpulan besar.<ref name="Pearce2020">{{Cite web |title=What is social distancing and how can it slow the spread of COVID-19? |author-last=Pearce |author-first=Katie |date=13 Mac 2020 |website=The Hub |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/13/what-is-social-distancing/ |access-date=29 Mac 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329184144/https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/13/what-is-social-distancing/ |archive-date=29 Mac 2020 }}</ref><ref name="CDC22March2020">{{Cite web |title=Risk Assessment and Management |date=22 Mac 2020 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/risk-assessment.html |access-date=29 Mac 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304230223/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/risk-assessment.html |archive-date=4 Mac 2020 }}</ref>

Penjarakkan sosial adalah yang paling berkesan apabila suatu jangkitan dapat ditularkan melalui sentuhan titisan (batuk atau bersin); sentuhan fizikal langsung, termasuk sentuhan seks; sentuhan fizikal tidak langsung (contohnya dengan menyentuh permukaan tercemar seperti [[fomit]]); atau [[Penyakit bawaan udara|penularan bawaan udara]] (jika mikroorganisma dapat bertahan dalam udara dalam tempoh yang lama).<ref>[http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/185/185_factsheet_social_distancing.pdf "Information about Social Distancing"], (dalam bahasa Inggeris) Santa Clara Public Health Department.</ref> Penjarakan sosial boleh menjadi kurang berkesan dalam kes di manaapabila jangkitan ditularkan terutamanya melalui [[penularan tinja-mulut|air atau makanan tercemar]] atau melalui [[Vektor (epidemiologi)|vektor]] seperti nyamuk atau serangga lain, dan kurang kerap dari individu ke individu.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/community_mitigation-sm.pdf "Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States—Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions"], (dalam bahasa Inggeris) CDC, Februari 2007</ref> Kelemahan penjarakkan sosial termasuk [[kesepian]], [[daya pengeluaran]] berkurang, dan kehilangan manfaat lain berkait dengan [[interaksi manusia]].