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Jan Henryk Dąbrowski: Perbezaan antara semakan

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{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person|name=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski|image=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski 1.PNG|caption=<br>[[File:POL_COA_Dąbrowski.svg|99px]]<br>Coat of arms:<br>[[Dąbrowski coat of arms|Dąbrowski]]|birth_date={{Birth date|1755|8|29|df=y }}{{efn|name=DOB}}|death_date={{Death date and age|1818|6|6|1755|8|29|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Pierzchów]], [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]]|death_place=[[Winna Góra]], [[Duchi Raya Posen|Posen]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]|allegiance={{flagicon image|Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg}} [[Electorate of Saxony]] (1770–1791)<br />{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław II of Poland.svg}} [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1791–1794)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg|size=23px}} [[Cisalpine Republic]] (1796–1803)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg|size=23px}} [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)|Italian Republic]]<br />{{flagicon image |Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[Duci Warsaw]] (1807–1816)|branch=Cavalry|serviceyears=1770–1816|rank=General of Cavalry|battles=[[Kościuszko Uprising]]<br />[[War of the Second Coalition]]<br />[[Battle of Trebbia (1799)|Battle of Trebbia]]<br />[[Pertempuran Friedland]]<br />[[French invasion of Russia|Russian Campaign]]<br />[[Battle of Leipzig]]|awards=Order of [[Virtuti Militari]]<ref name="Gąsowski1998"/><br />[[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]<ref name=psb5/><br />Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]<ref name=Cape>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkwVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA241|title=L'Europe pendant le consulat et l'empire de Napoléon|first1=Baptiste H. R.|last1=Capefigue|publisher=Wouters, Raspoet et Co.|year=1842|page=241|language=fr}}</ref><br/> [[Darjah Mahkota Besi]]<ref name=Cape/><br />[[Darjah Santo Vladimir]]<ref name=Bio>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvM6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA409|title=Biographie des hommes vivants|location=Paris|year=1817|page=409|language=fr}}</ref><br />[[Darjah Santa Anna]]<ref name=Bio/>|laterwork=Senator [[Kongres Poland]]|signature=Album p0019b - Henryk Dąbrowski.jpg}}▼
|name=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
▲{{Infobox military person|name=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski|image=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski 1.PNG|caption=<br>[[File:POL_COA_Dąbrowski.svg|99px]]<br>Coat of arms:<br>[[Dąbrowski coat of arms|Dąbrowski]]|birth_date={{Birth date|1755|8|29|df=y }}{{efn|name=DOB}}|death_date={{Death date and age|1818|6|6|1755|8|29|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Pierzchów]], [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]]|death_place=[[Winna Góra]], [[Duchi Raya Posen|Posen]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]|allegiance={{flagicon image|Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg}} [[Electorate of Saxony]] (1770–1791)<br />{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław II of Poland.svg}} [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1791–1794)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg|size=23px}} [[Cisalpine Republic]] (1796–1803)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg|size=23px}} [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)|Italian Republic]]<br />{{flagicon image |Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[Duci Warsaw]] (1807–1816)|branch=Cavalry|serviceyears=1770–1816|rank=General of Cavalry|battles=[[Kościuszko Uprising]]<br />[[War of the Second Coalition]]<br />[[Battle of Trebbia (1799)|Battle of Trebbia]]<br />[[Pertempuran Friedland]]<br />[[French invasion of Russia|Russian Campaign]]<br />[[Battle of Leipzig]]|awards=Order of [[Virtuti Militari]]<ref name="Gąsowski1998">{{cite book |last=Gąsowski |first=Tomasz |title=Wybitni Polacy XIX wieku: leksykon biograficzny|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m60jAQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Wydawn. Literackie|isbn=978-83-08-02839-1|page=96|language=pl}}</ref><br />[[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]<ref name=psb5/><br />Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]<ref name=Cape>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkwVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA241|title=L'Europe pendant le consulat et l'empire de Napoléon|first1=Baptiste H. R.|last1=Capefigue|publisher=Wouters, Raspoet et Co.|year=1842|page=241|language=fr}}</ref><br/> [[Darjah Mahkota Besi]]<ref name=Cape/><br />[[Darjah Santo Vladimir]]<ref name=Bio>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvM6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA409|title=Biographie des hommes vivants|location=Paris|year=1817|page=409|language=fr}}</ref><br />[[Darjah Santa Anna]]<ref name=Bio/>|laterwork=Senator [[Kongres Poland]]|signature=Album p0019b - Henryk Dąbrowski.jpg}}
 
'''Jan Henryk Dąbrowski''' [ˈjan ˈxɛnrɨɡ dɔmˈbrɔfskʲi; yan hén-rig dom-brof-ski] ({{Lang-de|'''Johann Heinrich Dąbrowski'''|italics=no}} / '''Dombrowski''',<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9K3KXBnvqIC&pg=PA230|title=Geschichte der Universität in Europa|last1=Rüegg|first1=Walter|publisher=C.H. Beck|year=2004|isbn=3-406-36954-5|page=230|language=German}}</ref><ref name="psb1" /> {{Lang-fr|'''Jean Henri Dombrowski'''|italics=no}};<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/blunderingtoglor00conn_0|title=Blundering to Glory|last1=Connelly|first1=Owen|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|year=2006|page=[https://archive.org/details/blunderingtoglor00conn_0/page/172 172]|url-access=registration}}<br />{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETYsTuIaKkQC&pg=PA3|title=Napoleon's Polish troops|last1=Pivka|first1=Otto|publisher=Osprey|year=|isbn=0-85045-198-1|page=3|language=}}<br />{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=482JDZFkoy8C&pg=PA374|title=Napoleon and Berlin, The Franco-Prussian war in North Germany 1813|last1=Leggiere|first1=Michael V.|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]]|year=2002|isbn=0-8061-3399-6|page=374}}</ref> 29 Ogos 1755{{efn|name=DOB}}&nbsp;– 6 Jun 1818) merupakan seorang panglima perang berbangsa Poland. Beliau berkhidmat dalam [[Tentera Diraja Sachsen]] sebelum menyertai tentera [[Komanwel Poland–Lithuania]] pada tahun 1794. [[Pembahagian Ketiga Poland|Pemecahan serta pembahagian tanah gabungan ini]] antara pihak-pihak [[Prusia]], [[Empayar Rusia|Rusia]] dan [[Empayar Habsburg|Habsburg]] mendorongnya menggiat memperjuangkan pemulihan kedaulatan Poland sebagai suatu kuasa merdeka semula; beliau mengetuai suatu [[Pemberontakan Poland Raya|pemberontakan]] membebaskan kawasan [[Wielkopolska]] daripada genggaman pihak Prusia lalu dibentuk menjadi [[Duci Warsaw|kerajaan baharu]] menaikkan semula bangsa Poland.
 
Beliau sangat disanjung atas sumbangannya kepada kelangsungan negara [[Poland|Poland moden]] (selain [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]] dan [[Józef Antoni Poniatowski|Józef Poniatowski]]) sehingga beliau dijadikan pahlawan negara tersebut.<ref name="Rezler1982">{{cite book |last=Rezler |first=Marek |title=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, 1755–1818|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3QdAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza|page=3|quote=Generał Jan Henryk Dąbrowski należy do bohaterów narodowych otoczonych w polskim społeczeństwie szczególnym kultem.}}</ref>
 
== Awal hidup ==
Jan Henryk lahir di [[Pierzchów]], [[Kerajaan Poland]]<ref name="pbd2pbd">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/polishbiographic00soko|title=The Polish biographical dictionary: profiles of nearly 900 Poles who have made lasting contributions to world civilization|last1=Sokol|first1=Stanley S.|last2=Mrotek Kissane|first2=Sharon F.|last3=Abramowicz|first3=Alfred L.|date=1992|publisher=Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers|page=[https://archive.org/details/polishbiographic00soko/page/89 89]|accessdate=2009-10-29|url-access=registration}}</ref> pada 29 Ogos 1755{{efn|His date of birth is usually reported as 29 August 1755,<ref name="Rezler1982-4">{{cite book |last=Rezler |first=Marek |title=Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, 1755-1818|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3QdAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza|page=4|quote=29 sierpnia 1755 roku w Pierzchowcu (d. powiat bocheński) urodził się chłopiec, któremu zgodnie z tradycją rodzinną nadano podwójne imię: Jan Henryk}}</ref><ref name="Zych1964-18">Zych, 1964, p. 55: "Tam to, 29 sierpnia 1755 r., przyszedł na świat Jan Henryk"</ref> following his own autobiographical account, through some sources give the date of 2 August, as reported in church documents.<ref name=psb1>Skałkowski, 1946, p. 1</ref>|name=DOB}} kepada [[Jan Michał Dąbrowski]], seorang kolonel dalam [[Tentera Diraja Sachsen]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RNM5AAAAcAAJ|title=Zeitgenossen: ein biographisches Magazin für d. Geschichte unserer Zeit|publisher=Brockhaus|year=1830|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RNM5AAAAcAAJ/page/n14 5]–}}</ref> dan Zofia Maria Dąbrowska (nama lahir Sophie von Lettow)<ref>{{in lang|de}}[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44906693.html?name=Die+Gesellschaft+auf+-ki Der Spiegel, Die Gesellschaft auf -ki]</ref> kedua-dua mereka berbangsa Poland.<ref name="Rezler1982-4" /> Beliau dibesarkan di [[Hoyerswerda]], [[Elektorat Sachsen]] di mana beliau begitu dikelilingi budaya Jerman yang ada di sana.<ref name="psb12psb1" /> Beliau menyertai tentera berkuda Sachsen pada sekitar tahun 1770<ref name="Brock">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ahE7AAAAcAAJ|title=Conversations-Lexikon der neuesten Zeit und Literatur|publisher=F. A. Brockhaus|year=1832|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ahE7AAAAcAAJ/page/n711 704]|language=German}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gucpAAAAYAAJ|title=Die Geschichte Polens|last1=Bronikowski|first1=Alexander|publisher=Hilscher|year=1827|location=Dresden|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gucpAAAAYAAJ/page/n373 135]|language=German}}</ref> atau 1771.<ref name="psb12psb1" /><ref name="Lerski19962Lerski1996">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTUTqE2difgC&pg=PA102|title=Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945|last=Lerski|first=Jerzy Jan|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1996|isbn=978-0-313-26007-0|pages=102–103}}</ref>
 
== Kerjaya ketenteraan ==
 
=== Semasa zaman Komanwel ===
Beliau terlibat dalam [[Perang Warisan Bavaria]] (1778–1779) di mana ayahnya turut meninggal tahun sama.<ref name="psb12psb1" /> Beliau pada ketika ini duduk di [[Dresden]] di mana beliau terlibat dalam ketenteraan secara giatnya sehingga mampu menaikkan pangkat diri sebagai [[Rittmeister]] tahun 1789.<ref name="psb12psb1" /> Beliau berkhdimat sebagai adjutan agung [[Frederick Augustus I dari Sachsen|Raja Frederick Augustus I]] 1788 hingga 1791.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xlCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA536|title=Allgemeines deutsches Conversations-Lexikon für die Gebildeten eines jeden Standes|last1=|first1=|publisher=Gebr. Reichenbach|year=1840|location=Leipzig|page=537|language=German}}</ref>
 
=== Semasa zaman Napoleon ===
Pada tahun 1815, beliau dikurniakan pangkat kesateria dan senator oleh [[Kongres Poland]] yang baharu ditubuhkan.<ref name="pbd" /> Beliau turut dikurniakan Darjah Helang Putih pada 9 Disember tahun sama.<ref name="psb5">Skałkowski, 1946, p. 5</ref>
 
== Senja hidup ==
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Henryk_Dąbrowski"