Kemaskulinan: Perbezaan antara semakan

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[[File:Herakles_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_Inv6001_n01.jpg|alt=One of the most famous depictions of Heracles, originally by [[Lysippos]] (marble, Roman copy called Hercules Farnese, 216 CE)|thumb| Dalam mitologi Yunani, [[Heracles]] sinonim dengan maskulinitas [[Apollonian]] . ]]
'''Kemaskulinan''' atau '''kelelakian''' ({{Small|[[bahasa Malaysia|Mal.]]:}}, '''maskuliniti''', {{Small|[[bahasa Indonesia|Ind.]]:}}atau '''maskunilitaskelelakian''') ialah satu sifat, tingkah laku, dan peranan yang berkaitan dengan [[lelaki]]. Ia difahamkan sebagai suatu binaan [[sosial]] berbeza daripada takrifan yang difahami umum terhadap [[Jantina|seks]] biologi [[Jantan|lelaki]].<ref name="Ferrante">Ferrante, Joan (2008), "[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AwnIIXI6y38C Gender and sexualities: with emphasis on gender ideals]", in {{Cite book|title=Sociology: a global perspective|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Thomson Wadsworth|isbn=9780840032041|editor-last=Ferrante|editor-first=Joan|edition=7th|location=Belmont, California|pages=269&ndash;272}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/|title=Gender, Women and Health: What do we mean by "sex" and "gender"?|website=who.int|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908003355/http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/|archive-date=8 September 2014|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Piawai keperibadian atau kemaskulinan berbeza-beza mengikut budaya dan tempoh sejarah yang berbeza.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWj5OBvTh1IC&q=%22meanings+of+manhood+vary%22|title=Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57-607774-0|editor-last=Kimmel|editor-first=Michael S.|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|page=xxiii|editor-last2=Aronson|editor-first2=Amy}}</ref> Kedua-dua lelaki dan perempuan boleh mempamerkan sifat dan tingkah laku lelaki.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Men and Masculinities: A Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Halberstam, Judith|date=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57-607774-0|editor-last=Kimmel|editor-first=Michael S.|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|pages=294–5|chapter='Female masculinity'|editor-last2=Aronson|editor-first2=Amy|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWj5OBvTh1IC&pg=PA294}}</ref>
 
Ciri-ciri tradisi yang dilihat sebagai bersifat kelelakian dalam [[Dunia Barat|masyarakat Barat]] termasuk kekuatan, keberanian, [[Kemerdekaan|kebebasan]], [[kepimpinan]], [[keganasan]], dan ketegasan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Theorizing Masculinities|last=Kimmel|first=Michael S.|date=1994|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|location=Thousand Oaks|pages=119–141|chapter=Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity|chapter-url=http://sk.sagepub.com/books/theorizing-masculinities/n7.xml}}</ref><ref name="Vetterling-Braggin">{{Cite book|title="Femininity", "masculinity", and "androgyny": a modern philosophical discussion|last=Vetterling-Braggin|first=Mary|publisher=Littlefield, Adams|year=1982|isbn=9780822603993|location=Totowa, N.J|page=6|chapter=Introduction|quote=''the [personality] theorist might classify a person as "masculine" if the person thought that person to have any or all of the following P-traits [personality traits] - GROUP Y TRAITS: strength of will, ambition, courage, independence, assertiveness, aggressiveness, ...''|chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SVBpAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="Worell">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women and gender: sex similarities and differences and the impact of society on gender, Volume 1|last=Carli|first=Linda L.|publisher=Academic Press|year=2001|isbn=9780122272462|editor-last=Worell|editor-first=Judith|location=San Diego, California|pages=157–168|chapter=Assertiveness|chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7SXhBdqejgYC&pg=PA157}}</ref><ref name="R. Murray Thomas">Thomas, R. Murray (2001), "[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-RxIUDYIuiIC&pg=PT248 Feminist perspectives]", in {{Cite book|title=Recent theories of human development|publisher=[[Sage Publications|Sage]]|year=2001|isbn=9780761922476|editor-last=Thomas|editor-first=R. Murray|location=Thousand Oaks, California|page=248|quote=''Gender feminists also consider traditional feminine traits (gentleness, modesty, humility, sacrifice, supportiveness, empathy, compassion, tenderness, nurturance, intuitiveness, sensitivity, unselfishness) morally superior to the traditional masculine traits (courage, strong will, ambition, independence, assertiveness, initiative, rationality and emotional control).''}}</ref> Machismo ialah satu bentuk kejantanan yang menekankan kuasa dan sering dikaitkan dengan ketidakpatuhan akibat dan tanggungjawab.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1381820/machismo|title=Machismo (exaggerated masculinity) - Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|access-date=6 March 2015|edition=online}}</ref>