Tandas: Perbezaan antara semakan

Sebelum kegunaan tandas curah moden, kebanyakan pembuangan najis dilakukan di tandas luar rumah. Bagaimanapun bandar kuno Kebudayaan Lembah Indus, e.g., [[Harappa]]<ref>[http://www.harappa.com/indus/12.html Bathing Area, Mohenjo-daro, Sindh<]</ref> dan [[Mohenjo-daro]]<ref>[httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20040519100526/http://www.the-south-asian.com/April2004/toilet_museum.htm Loo and Behold!— A Toilet Museum!], Anurag Yadav, the-south-asian.com, April 2004.</ref>, yang terletak pada masa kini di [[India]] dan [[Pakistan]], memuliki tandas curah yang bersambung dengan sistem kumbahan sofsikated<ref>[http://tampub.uta.fi/tup/951-44-6251-3.pdf Kaivot Ja Käymälät: Johdatus Historiaan Esimerkkinä Suomi (A Brief History of Wells and Toilets - The Case of Finland)], Petri S. Juuti and Katri J. Wallenius, Tampere University Press, ePublications, Tampere, 2005.</ref>—dan bentuk tandas lain turut juga digunakan pada masa Rom dan Mesir Silam.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.infoweb.co.nz/toilet |title=Who invented the toilet<!-- Bot generated title -->] |access-date=2011-03-30 |archive-date=2007-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124230551/http://www.infoweb.co.nz/toilet |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sungguhpun awalan pada sistem tandas curah moden direka pada tahun 1596 oleh pencipta John Harington,<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.victoriancrapper.com/Toilethistory.HTML |title=A History of the flush toilet<!-- Bot generated title -->] |access-date=2011-03-30 |archive-date=2008-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415102843/http://www.victoriancrapper.com/Toilethistory.HTML |url-status=dead }}</ref> tandas tidak digunakan secara meluas sehingga lewat kurun ke-19 apabila ia dipasang di kediaman kelas atasan British.<ref>''[http://www.amazon.com/dp/193259521X Poop Culture: How America is Shaped by its Grossest National Product]'', Dave Praeger, ISBN 1-932595-21-X</ref>

*[http://www.outhousemuseum.com/wall_harrison.html ''Garden Houses and Privies, Authentic Details for Design and Restoration'' by Peter Joel Harrison. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. ISBN 0-471-20332-7 Member of the Outhouse Wall of Fame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407085042/http://www.outhousemuseum.com/wall_harrison.html |date=2016-04-07 }}