Yayasan Perisian Bebas: Perbezaan antara semakan

Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
k Yayasan Perisian Bebas dipindahkan ke Open Software Foundation: Nama bahasa Inggeris untuk nama khas perlu dikekalkan.
Yayasan Perisian Bebas dipindahkan ke Open Software Foundation: Nama bahasa Inggeris untuk nama khas perlu dikekalkan.
Baris 1:
#REDIRECT [[Open Software Foundation]]
{{infobox NPO
| organization_name = Yayasan Perisian Bebas
| organization_logo = [[Image:FSF-Logo.svg|300px|center|Logo Yayasan Perisian Bebas]]
| organization_type = [[Organisasi bukan kerajaan]] dan [[pertubuhan bukan untung]]
| foundation = [[4 Oktober]] [[1985]]
| location = [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
| key_people = [[Richard Stallman]]<br/> [[Eben Moglen]]<br/> [[Henri Poole]]<br/> [[Gerry Sussman]]<br/> [[Hal Abelson]]<br/> [[Benjamin Mako Hill]]
| fields = [[Perisian bebas]]
| services = Kewangan<br/>Tawaran<br/>Nasihat sah
| homepage = http://www.fsf.org/
}}
 
'''Yayasan Perisian Bebas''' ([[bahasa Inggeris|b. Inggeris]]: ''Free Software Foundation'', disingkatkan kepada '''''FSF''''') ialah sebuah pertubuhan bukan untung yang diasaskan oleh [[Richard Stallman]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Articles of Incorporation, Free Software Foundation
| work =
| publisher = The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
| date= 1985-10-04
| url = http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/detailtool/detailpage.asp?CID=622OA4&UpdateAllowed=False&DetailID=256737&FilingCode=0300013&FileName=Articles%20of%20Organization&sDetailPath=&Stage=Confirm
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }}</ref> pada [[4 Oktober]] [[1985]] untuk menyokong gerakan [[perisian bebas]], khususnya projek [[GNU]], gerakan berasaskan [[copyleft]] yang bertujuan menawarkan kebebasan untuk mengedar dan mengubahsuai perisian komputer tanpa halangan. FSF berpusat di [[Massachusetts]], [[Amerika Syarikat]].
 
Dari penubuhannya ke tengah 1990-an, Yayasan Perisian Bebas banyak membantu dalam memperkenalkan perisian bebas kepada masyarakat dunia. Lesen GNU yang diterbitkan oleh yayasan ini merupakan lesen yang paling popular bagi projek-projek perisian bebas, termasuklah [[Linux]]. Sejak tengah 1990-an, terdapat banyak lagi syarikat-syarikat dan individu membina perisian bebas, supaya pekerja dan sukarela FSF sebanyaknya bekerja terhadap isu-isu sah dan struktur untuk [[gerakan perisian bebas]] dan [[komuniti perisian bebas]].
 
Betul-betul tekal dengan matlamatnya, [[perisian bebas]] sahaja yang digunakan di semua komputer-komputer FSF.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html
| title = Linux, GNU, and freedom
| accessdate = 2006-12-10
| author = Stallman, Richard M.
| authorlink = Richard Stallman
| year = 2002
| work = Philosophy of the GNU Project
| format= HTML
| publisher = GNU Project
}}</ref>
 
== Aktiviti ==
 
; Projek GNU: Tujuan asal FSF yang ialah untuk menawarkan unggul-unggul perisian bebas. Organisasi membangunkan sistem pengendalian [[GNU]] sebagai contohnya.
 
; Lesen-lesen GNU: [[GNU GPL|Lesen Awam Am GNU]] (GPL) adalah lesen yang paling digunakan untuk projek perisian bebas. Versi sekarang (versi 3) yang dikeluarkan pada Jun 2007. FSF yang juga menerbitkan [[Lesen Awam Am Lemah GNU]] (LGPL), [[Lesen Dokumentasi Bebas GNU]] (GFDL), dan [[Lesen Awam Am GNU Affero]] (AGPL).
 
; Penguatkuasaan lesen GNU: FSF mempunyai sumber-sumber dan kehendakan menguatkuasakan [[Lesen Awam Am GNU|GPL]] dan lesen-lesen GNU lain, tetapi untuk perisian sahaja yang ia mempunyai hak-hak cipta; perisian dilesenkan GPL digunakan oleh lain-lain mesti dipertahankan oleh pengguna-penggunanya, sejak FSF tidak mempunyai pendirian sah untuk menguatkuasakan GPL untuk mereka. FSF mengendalikan pencabulan 50 GPL setiap tahun dan mencuba to bring the other party into compliance without involving the courts.
 
; Penjaga hak cipta: FSF memegangkan [[hak cipta]] kepada sebanyak perisian GNU dan sesuatu perisian bebas bukan GNU. They require copyright assignment papers from each contributor to GNU packages so that they can defend the software in court if a dispute arises, and so that if there is a need to change the license of a work, it can be done without having to contact all contributors that have ever worked on the software.
 
; Akhbar GNU: Jabatan penerbitan FSF yang menerbitkan buku-buku tentang sains komputer menggunakan lesen yang boleh diedarkan secara bebas.
 
; [[Panduan Perisian Bebas]]
 
; Menyenggarakan [[Definisi Perisian Bebas]] : FSF mengekalkan banyak dokumen yang mentakrifkan gerakan perisian bebas.
<!--
; Pendidikan Sah: FSF hold seminars about legal aspects of using the GPL, and offers a consultancy service for lawyers.
 
; Project Hosting: FSF hosts software development projects on their [[GNU Savannah|Savannah]] website.
-->
; [[Kempen politik|Kempen]]: FSF menajakan kempen terhadap apa ia nampakkan sebagai ancaman kepada kebebasan perisian, termasuklah [[penyaingan perisian]], [[pengurusan hak digital]] (yang FSF telah ditakrifkan semula sebagai "pengurusan sekatan digital", sebagai bahagian daripada usaha mereka untuk meluaskan pandangan bahawa teknologi yang direkakan untuk mengambil dan mengehadkan hak-hak anda<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/drm.html
|title=Digital Restrictions Management and Treacherous Computing
|date=[[18 September]] [[2006]]
|accessdate=2007-12-17
|publisher=Free Software Foundation
}}</ref>) dan hak cipta antara muka pengguna. [[Defective by Design]] ialah kempen dimulakan oleh FSF terhadap DRM. Mereka juga mempunyai kempen untuk menawarkan [[Ogg Vorbis|Ogg]], alternatif bebas kepada [[format proprietari]] seperti [[MP3]] dan [[AAC]]. Mereka juga menaja sesuatu projek perisian bebas yang mempunyai keutamaan.
 
; Anugerah tahunan: "[[Anugerah untuk Kemajuan Perisian Bebas]]" dan "[[Anugerah Perisian Bebas untuk Projek Faedah Sosial]]"
 
== Sejarah ==
 
== Struktur ==
 
=== Ahli lembaga pengarah ===
<!--
====Current Board of Directors====
* [[Hal Abelson]], Professor of Computer Science at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (served from inception until [[March 5]], [[1998]], and rejoined circa 2005)
* [[Geoffery Knauth]], Senior Software Engineer at SFA, Inc. (served since [[October 23]], [[1997]])
* [[Lawrence Lessig]], Professor of Law at [[Stanford University]] (served since [[March 28]], [[2004]])
* [[Henri Poole]], Founder of CivicActions, a grassroots campaign technology consulting firm. (served since [[December 12]], [[2002]])
* [[Richard Stallman]], Founder of FSF and the GNU Project, Founding President, former maintainer of various GNU software, and principal author of the GNU GPL, Versions 1 and 2 (served since inception)
* [[Gerald Jay Sussman|Gerald Sussman]], Professor of [[Computer Science]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (served since inception)
* [[Benjamin Mako Hill]], graduate student at the [[MIT Media Lab]]. (served since [[July 25]], [[2007]])
 
====Founding Board of Directors<ref>The first GNU's Bulletin ({{cite web
| authorlink = [[Free Software Foundation]]
| title = GNU'S Bulletin, Volume 1, No.1
| publisher = Free Software Foundation
| date= February 1986
| url = http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bull1.txt
| accessdate = 2007-08-11}}), indicates this list of people as
''round[ing] out FSF's board of directors''.</ref>====
* [[Hal Abelson]]
*[[Robert J. Chassell]], Founding Treasurer, as well as a Founding Director (served from inception until [[June 3]], [[1997]])
*[[Richard Stallman]], Founding and only President
* [[Gerald Jay Sussman|Gerald Sussman]]
* [[Leonard H. Tower Jr.|Len Tower Jr.]] (served from inception until [[September 2]], [[1997]])
 
====Other former members of the Board of Directors====
* [[Miguel de Icaza]] (served from August 1999<ref>The FSF annual filings with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for 1998 ({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cor/coridx.htm
| title = 1998 Annual Report for Free Software Foundation, Inc.
| publisher = The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
| date= 2002-06-05
| url = http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/corpsearch/display_pdf.asp?CORP_DRIVE1/2002/0605/000000000/0597/200215567480_1.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }}) and
1999
({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cor/coridx.htm
| title = 1999 Annual Report for Free Software Foundation, Inc.
| publisher = The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
| date= 2002-06-05
| url = http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/corpsearch/display_pdf.asp?CORP_DRIVE1/2002/0605/000000000/0598/200215567570_1.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }}) show that De Icaza was not on the board on 1998-11-01 and was as of
1999-11-01, so he clearly joined sometime between those dates. Those documents further indicate that the 1999 Annual meeting occurred in August; usually, new directors are elected at annual meetings.</ref> until [[February 25]], [[2002]].<ref>The FSF annual filings with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for 2002 ({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cor/coridx.htm
| title = 2002 Annual Report for Free Software Foundation, Inc.
| publisher = The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
| date= 2002-12-17
| url = http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/corpsearch/display_pdf.asp?CORP_DRIVE1/2002/1217/000000000/9152/200228079130_1.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }}) show that De Icaza has left the board. Changes to board composition are usually made at the annual meeting; which occurred on February 25, 2002.</ref>)
* [[Eben Moglen]] (served from [[July 28]], [[2000]]<ref>The FSF annual filings with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for 1999 ({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cor/coridx.htm
| title = 1999 Annual Report for Free Software Foundation, Inc.
| publisher = The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
| date= 2002-06-05
| url = http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/corpsearch/display_pdf.asp?CORP_DRIVE1/2002/0605/000000000/0598/200215567570_1.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }}) and
2000
({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cor/coridx.htm
| title = 2000 Annual Report for Free Software Foundation, Inc.
| publisher = The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
| date= 2004-02-13
| url = http://corp.sec.state.ma.us/corp/corpsearch/display_pdf.asp?CORP_DRIVE1/2004/0324/000076589/0047/200469080410_1.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }})
show that Moglen was not on the board on 1999-11-01 and was as of
2000-11-01, so he clearly joined sometime between those dates. Those documents further indicate that the 2000 Annual meeting occurred in July 28, 2000; usually, new directors are elected at annual meetings.</ref> until 2007<ref>Moglen announced his intention to resign in his blog ({{cite web
| last = Moglen
| first = Eben
| authorlink = Eben Moglen
| title = And Now ... Life After GPLv3
| date= 2007-04-23
| url = http://moglen.law.columbia.edu/blog/organizations/SFLC/Transition.html
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }}). The resignation likely occurred at the 2007 annual meeting of the directors; the exact date of that meeting is unknown.</ref>)<!--I know he announced on [[April 23]], but when did his term actually end? Bkuhn responds: There are no third-party sources for that yet, but I've added a link to what we know. -->
<!--
===Staff and employees===
Some of the Free Software Foundation staff, both current and past, are unpaid volunteers. At any given time, there are usually around a dozen employees.{{Fact|date=July 2007}} Most, but not all, work at the FSF headquarters in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
 
===Legal representation===
[[Eben Moglen]] and [[Dan Ravicher]] previously served individually as
[[pro bono]] legal counsel to the FSF. Since the forming of the
[[Software Freedom Law Center]], legal services to
the FSF are provided by that organization.
-->
=== Organisasi kembar ===
 
* [[Yayasan Perisian Bebas Eropah]], ditubuhkan pada 2001.
* [[Yayasan Perisian Bebas India]], ditubuhkan pada 2003.
* [[Yayasan Perisian Bebas Latin Amerika]], ditubuhkan pada 2005.
 
=== Ahli-ahli bersekutu ===
 
Pada [[25 November]] [[2002]] FSF melancarkan program Keahlian Bersekutu FSF untuk individu-individu<ref>The site member.fsf.org first appears in the Internet Archive in
December 2002, and that site lists the date of the launch as [[25 November]]
2002 ({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.archive.org/web/web.php
| title = FSF Membership Page, as of 2002-12-20
| publisher = The Internet Archive
| date= 2002-12-20
| url = http://web.archive.org/web/20021220112452/http://member.fsf.org/
| accessdate = 2007-08-11 }})</ref>. Pengarah Eksekutif [[Bradley M. Kuhn]] melancarkan program itu dan juga mendaftarkan sebagai ahli bersekutu pertama<ref>Kuhn has a FSF-generated member link that identifies him as the first member on his web page. ({{cite web
| authorlink = http://www.archive.org/web/web.php
| title = Homepage of Bradley M. Kuhn
| publisher = Bradley M. Kuhn
| date= 2008-01-05
| url = http://www.ebb.org/bkuhn
| accessdate = 2008-01-05 }})</ref>.
 
== Penghargaan ==
 
* 1999: [[Anugerah Linus Torvalds]] untuk Pengkomputeran Punca Terbuka<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2002/janfeb/showcase/motionpictures.html
| title= What I Saw at the Revolution
| accessdate = 2006-12-10
| author = Marsh, Ann
| year = 2002
| month= Jan/Feb
| work = Stanford Magazine
| format= HTML
| publisher = Stanford Alumni Association
}}</ref>
* 2005: Anugerah [[Prix Ars Electronica]] Unggul dalam kategori "Komuniti Digital"<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.aec.at/en/archives/prix_archive/prix_projekt.asp?iProjectID=13406
| title = Digital Communities, Distinction, Free Software Foundation
| accessdate = 2006-12-10
| author = Ars Electronica Center
| authorlink = Ars Electronica Center
| year = 2005
| work = Prix Ars Electronica
| format= HTML
| publisher = Ars Electronica Center
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.fsf.org/news/digital-communities.html
| title = FSF honored with Prix Ars Electronica award
| accessdate = 2006-12-10
| author = Free Software Foundation
| authorlink = Free Software Foundation
| year = 2005
| work = News Releases
| publisher = Free Software Foundation
}}</ref>
 
== Rujukan ==
 
<div style="height: 120px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; reflist4" >
{{reflist|2}}
</div>
 
== Lihat juga ==
 
{{portal|Perisian bebas|Free Software Portal Logo.svg}}
 
* [[Yayasan Sempadan Elektronik]] (EFF)
* [[Pusat Undang Kebebasan Perisian]] (SFLC)
 
== Pautan luar ==
* [http://www.fsf.org Tapak web rasmi Yayasan Perisian Bebas]
* {{ensiklokamus}}
 
{{GNU}}
{{PBPT}}
 
[[Kategori:Pertubuhan bukan untung berpusat di Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Teknologi bukan untung]]
[[Kategori:Yayasan Perisian Bebas|*]]
[[Kategori:Penubuhan 1985]]
[[Kategori:Gerakan terhadap pemilikan intelektual]]
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[[Kategori:Kumpulan penyokongan]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi bukan kerajaan]]
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[[ar:مؤسسة البرمجيات الحرة]]
[[ast:Fundación del Software Llibre]]
[[id:Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas]]
[[be:Фонд Свабоднага праграмнага забеспячэння]]
[[bs:Fondacija za slobodni softver]]
[[bg:Фондация за свободен софтуер]]
[[ca:Free Software Foundation]]
[[cs:Free Software Foundation]]
[[cy:Free Software Foundation]]
[[da:Free Software Foundation]]
[[de:Free Software Foundation]]
[[el:Ίδρυμα Ελεύθερου Λογισμικού]]
[[en:Free Software Foundation]]
[[es:Free Software Foundation]]
[[eo:Free Software Foundation]]
[[eu:Free Software Foundation]]
[[fa:بنیاد نرم‌افزارهای آزاد]]
[[fr:Fondation pour le logiciel libre]]
[[ga:Free Software Foundation]]
[[gl:Free Software Foundation]]
[[ko:자유 소프트웨어 재단]]
[[is:Frjálsa hugbúnaðarstofnunin]]
[[it:Free Software Foundation]]
[[he:המוסד לתוכנה חופשית]]
[[sw:Shirika la Bidhaa Pepe Huru]]
[[lb:Free Software Foundation]]
[[lt:Laisvosios programinės įrangos fondas]]
[[hu:Free Software Foundation]]
[[ml:സ്വതന്ത്ര സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര്‍ സമിതി]]
[[nl:Free Software Foundation]]
[[ja:フリーソフトウェア財団]]
[[no:Free Software Foundation]]
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[[ro:Free Software Foundation]]
[[ru:Фонд свободного программного обеспечения]]
[[si:නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග පදනම]]
[[sk:Free Software Foundation]]
[[sr:Задужбина за слободни софтвер]]
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[[th:มูลนิธิซอฟต์แวร์เสรี]]
[[tr:Özgür Yazılım Vakfı]]
[[uk:Фонд вільного програмного забезпечення]]
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[[bar:Free Software Foundation]]