Hari Akhirat: Perbezaan antara semakan
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{{BI|Islamic view of the Last Judgment}}
{{Islam}}
'''Hari Akhirat''' (يوم القيامة) merupakan hari di mana manusia akan diadili dan diberikan pembalasan yang sewajarnya dengan perbuatan mereka semasa mereka hidup. Hari akhirat merupakan waktu yang berlaku selepas berlakunya [[hari kiamat]].
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Percayakan Hari Akhirat juga merupakan salah satu dari ''[[Rukun iman]]'' bagi penganut agama [[Islam]].
Belief in Qayaamah is a fundamental tenet of faith in [[Islam]].<ref name="EoI"/> The trials and [[tribulation]]s associated with it are detailed in both the [[Qur'an]] and the [[Hadith]], as well as in the commentaries of the [[Ulema|Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities]] such as [[al-Ghazali]], [[Ibn Kathir]], [[Ibn Majah]], [[Bukhari|Muhammad al-Bukhari]], and Ibn Khuzaimah who explain them in detail. Every human, [[Muslim]] and non-Muslim alike, is held accountable for his or her deeds and are judged by [[Allah]] accordingly (Qur'an 74.38). [[Al-Qiyama|Al-Qayaamah]] is the 75th [[surah]] of the Qur'an.
==Etymology==
Qiyaamah is called "day of reckoning" at {{Quran|71|18}}. It is also known as "''the Hour''" (Qur'an 31.34, 74.47), "''Day of the Account''" (Qur'an 72.130), "''Day of the Gathering''", "''Day of the Reckoning''", "''Day of Distress''" (Qur'an 74.9) and the "''Great Announcement''".
==Overview==
At a time unknown to man, but preordained <ref>Qur'an 17.49-51, 34.28-30, 72.25-26, 79.42-44, ''[[Sahih Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', book 2 ("book of faith"), number 47</ref>, when people least expect it, Allah will give permission for the Qayaamah to begin. The [[Archangel (beings)|archangel]] [[Israfil (archangel)|Israfil]], referred to as the ''Caller'', will sound a horn sending out a "Blast of Truth" (Qur'an 50.37-42, 69.13-18, 74.8, 78.18). This event is also found in [[Jewish eschatology]], in the [[Judaism|Jewish]] belief of "The Day of the Blowing of the [[Shofar]]", ''[[Rosh Hashanah|Yom Terua]]'' and in [[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel 33:6]]:
All men and women fall dead,{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Those who were evil, did not believe in God's will power or did bad things will be engulfed in [[hell]]fire.<ref>([[Qur'an]] 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39</ref> On the other hand, those who truly believe in God, and are pious, referred to as ''Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun''<ref>''Sahih Bukhari'', book 4 "[[Ablution#Ablution in Islam|Ablution]]", number 133; 138 in another editio</ref> due to the trace of ritual ablution performed during their lives, repent their sin and return to "[[jannah]] (the [[Garden of Eden|Garden]]) beneath which rivers flow".<ref>[[Qur'an]] 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11</ref> The world is destroyed. The [[dead]] rise from their graves and [[gather]], waiting to be judged for their actions.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 11.102-7</ref>
The [[Qur'an]] also states that even the smallest acts of the believers will not be wasted. "anyone who has an atom's worth of goodness will see it and anyone who has done an atom's worth of evil will also see it" (Qur'an 99:7-8). Those who do good if they are Muslims or the follower of religion before Islam (when Islam itself has not revealed, like Christianity, Judaism, that were later superseded by Islam), will be rewarded not only in this world but also in the world hereafter. However, the final Judgment is up to God himself. (Qur'an 2:62)
[http://www.i-keighley.com/questions-and-answers.php]
"He questions: "When is the Day of Resurrection?". At length, when the sight is dazed, And the moon is buried in darkness. And the sun and [[moon]] are joined together." (75.6-9)
This [[ayat]] is interpreted in many ways. Classical commentators [[Al-Jalalayn]], [[Al-Tabari]] and [[Al-Qortobi]] interpret this verse as meaning that the sun and moon are joined in darkness, rather than physically merged together.
==The Gathering==
'Alameen (humankind, the [[Genie|Jinn]], and all other living beings) are gathered upon a vast, white, featureless ground, under intense heat of the Sun overhead. They are [[Nudity|naked]], [[Foreskin restoration|uncircumcised]] and crowded together to the point where some are submerged in their own sweat, as in the beginning of creation.<ref>Qur'an 21.104; ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 656; Qur'an 5.117-118</ref> The degree to which one is submerged in sweat depends on the extent of one's piety and goodness. The faces of those who practiced good [[Adab (behavior)|adab]] by following the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] in their daily lives are ''[[nadirah]]'' (shining and radiant). On the other hand, the faces of disbelievers are ''[[basirah]]'' (dark, sad and frowning).<ref>Qur'an 75.22-24</ref>. The creatures thus wait to be brought before God for their judgment.
The [[Qur'an]] mentions the duration of the Qayaamah as 50,000 years.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 70.4</ref> [[Maulana Muhammad Ali]] interprets this ayat as, "...A day of the spiritual advancement of man is spoken of as being equal to fifty thousand years to show immense vastness of that advancement. Or, the day of fifty thousand years may be the day of final triumph of Truth in the world, from the time when revelation was first granted to man."
Some believe that signs of Qayaamah have already occurred.<ref>Qur'an 42.17, 47.18, 70.6-7</ref> People beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, [[Abraham]], [[Moses]], [[Adam and Eve|Adam]], and [[Noah]], all of whom decline to do so and instead point to Hazrat [[Muhammad]], who intercedes on behalf of the world.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 74.48; ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 555, 569</ref> Abraham meets his father Azar whose face is dark and covered with dust. When Abraham demands that his father not be disgraced he is informed that on this day no one is above reproach.<ref>''[[Sahîh al-Bukhârî]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 581</ref> Abraham finds a blood-stained [[Dhabh]] beneath his feet which will be caught and thrown into Hell.
Hazrat [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]] is ordered by [[Allah]] to bring all of those who rejected [[Islam]] to [[Jahannam]]. He asks how many he should bring and [[Allah]] answers, "From every one thousand, take out nine-hundred-and ninety-nine." At that time children will become hoary headed ([[Qur'an]] 73.12), previously healed wounds will reappear (''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 4 "Ablution", number 238), every pregnant female will have a miscarriage. One sees mankind as drunken, yet the people are sober, but dreadful is the ''Wrath of God'' (Qur'an 69.47, ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 567.)
==Rejection of False Gods==
[[Cult image|Idols]] will assert that only [[Allah]] is [[Lord]], and that they were wrongfully worshipped. The [[Qur'an]] and Hadith state that [[Jesus]] returns and denies he claimed he is God ([[Qur'an]] 43.61). In regard to idolatry, Hazrat [[Muhammad]] said, "If any religious man dies amongst those people they would build a place of worship at his grave and make these pictures in it. They will be the worst creature in the sight of [[Allah]] on Qayaamah ([[Qiyamah|the Day of Resurrection]])," (''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 8 "Prayers", number 409 [419 in the USC MSA database.])
==Personification in Qayaamah==
The [[personification]] of objects that are not normally considered [[anthropomorphic]] is a recurrent [[Motif (literature)|motif]] in [[Kalam]] (Islamic theology) regarding the ''[[Akhirah|wa'dul akhirati]]'' (promise of [[afterlife]]). For instance, artists who depict living creatures are tormented by their creations. [[Allah]] infuses each with a [[soul]] due to the [[Islamic]] prohibition against artists depicting beings that have "souls", interpreted as meaning all animals including humans.
In the grave one faces either a reassuring man (his or her good deeds), or a foul-looking creature (his or her sins).{{Fact|date=June 2007}} Again, this recurs in the subject of the Qayaamah. For instance, the [[Qu'ran]] appears as an anthropomorphic being that greets those who loved it in their lives and offers them some solace. In the same vein, accounts in primary Islamic literature mention that at some point, perhaps after creatures are confined to either ''[[jannah]]'' ([[paradise]]) or ''[[jahannam]]'' ([[hell]]), [[Death]] will be brought forth in the form of a black or white [[sheep|ram]]. It will be slaughtered in front of everyone and a caller will explain, "O people of Paradise! Eternity for you and no death. O people of Hell! Eternity for you and no death," hence the slaying of the ram [[Symbols of death|symbolises]] the 'Death of Death'.
<ref>
''[[Sahih Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' Volume 6, Book 60, Number 254
[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/060.sbt.html#006.060.254]
</ref>
==Barzakh==
[[Barzakh]] is a sequence that happens after death, in which the [[Archangel (beings)|archangel]] [[Azrael]] with the help of other less significant angels will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime ([[Qur'an]] 79.1-2). Three main events take place chronologically which constitute the [[Barzakh]] sequence:
* The separation of the soul and the body.
* [[Munkar and Nakir]]'s (two [[Angels in Islam|Islamic Angels]]) interrogation of the soul in its grave.
:''"Who is your (lord)?"''
:''"What is your [[Deen (Arabic term)|way of life]]?"''
:''"Who is your [[leader]]?"'' <sup>Sura [[Al-Isra|17]].71</sup>
* The "Waahsh" or the horror of the grave, the pressure of the grave depending on whether the person was righteous or not.
[[Muhammad]] referred to the interrogation as, "...the worst hours of a man's life".
Shia use this event when presenting arguments about the [[Status of a Shia Imam]].
==Al-Kawthar==
Believers will be led by Muhammad to a vast basin or lake-fount called ''al-kawthar'' الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. Whosoever drinks it never thirsts thereafter. In one hadith al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise (''al-Bukhari'', book 76, hadith 583.) [[Sahih Bukhari]]'', in book 76 (the book of tenderness), the chapter on the basin contains at least 14 hadiths regarding it.
=="Seeing" Allah==
According to [[Imam Muslim]] and [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] believers will not see [[Allah]] until they have died only because the human eyes are too weak to see Allah. Again, classical commentators, with the notable exception of [[Ibn Taymiya]], prefer the safe route of interpreting that Hadith as neither literal (''haqiqi'') nor figurative, but most if not all agree that it answers the question in the affirmative; believers will see [[God]]. Another [[Hadith]] states that believers will be able to see their Lord, just as we are able to see the sun or the moon in the sky. When [[God]] reveals to the faithful, a [[Hadith]] states that those who during their life would not pray of their own free will will be made to fall on their backs. {{Fact|date=August 2007}}
Most of these [[hadith]] are reported on the authority of [[Abu Huraira]]. Most [[Shi'a]] dismiss them, because they distrust certain [[sahaba]], including Abu Huraira and also from a philosophical point of view.
==Judgment==
During [[judgment]], a man's or a woman's own [[book of deeds]] will be opened, and they will be apprised of every action they did and every word they spoke ([[Qur'an]] 54.52-53). Actions taken during childhood are not judged. The account of deeds is so detailed that the man or woman will wonder at how comprehensive the account is, that even minor and trivial deeds are included. When the Hour is at hand, some will deny that al-[[Qiyamah|Qayaamah]] is taking place and will be warned that al-[[Qiyamah|Qayaamah]] precedes the [[Day of Pining]] (distress) ([[Qur'an]] 30.55-57, 19.39). If one denies a deed he or she committed, or refuses to acknowledge it, his or her body parts will testify against him or her. [[Ithim]]إثم are negative points that are reaped for committing sin or whateve is [[haram]] (forbidden). [[Thawab]] ثواب are positive points for commission of a good deed done for the sake of Allah or avoiding what is [[makruh]]. If a person accumulates more positive points (thawab) than negative points (ithim), then he may enter [[jannah]] (heaven). If not, he will enter hell. If a person's [[thawab]] and [[ithim]] are equal then Allah will decide whether the person will enter either Jannah or Jahannum based on his decision and his Mercy.
The Qur'an states that some sins can condemn someone to hell. These include lying, dishonesty, corruption, ignoring God or His revelations, denying the resurrection, refusing to feed the poor, indulging in opulence and ostentation, and oppressing or economically exploiting others. <ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p.565</ref>
Throughout [[judgment]], however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by [[Allah]]. The accounts of [[judgment]] are also replete with the emphasis that [[Allah]] is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day insofar as it is merited.
This is dissimilar to [[Christianity]], where [[salvation]] is by the grace of [[God]] (Titus 2:11) through sharing with Jesus Christ the experience of crucifixion, death and resurrection (Romans 6:4, Galatians 2:20, Romans 6:9-11), and salvation is not by deeds (Galatians 2:16, 2:21, 3:6-14). [[Islam]], however, emphasizes that [[Divine grace|grace]] does not conflict with perfect [[justice]].
==Jahannam (Hell) and Jannah (Heaven)==
After [[judgment]] (also the yawm al-aakhirah), all men and women are made to cross over a deep [[abyss]], whence the flames of [[Jahannam]] (Hell) leap up, on [[as-Sirāt]] (الصراط, the path). As-Siraati is a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thick as one seventh strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The [[belief|believers]] and those destined for [[Jannah]] are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into [[Jahannam]].
Concerning the matter of reward or [[Jannah]] {([[Heaven]]) ([[paradise]]) and [[Jahannam]] ([[punishment]]), there is the subject of the [[Intercession]] (الشفاعة). Hadiths classified as sahih state that Hazrat [[Muhammad]] will be allowed to intercede on behalf of all of mankind, as opposed to the prophets who preceded him who were only able to appeal to nations (''[[Sahîh al-bukhari]]'', book 7 "[[Tayammum]] (rubbing hands and feet with dust)", number 331.) Furthermore, a [[belief|believer]] will be allowed to plead for members of his family and for his loved ones. Throughout the discourse regarding the ultimate [[destiny]], the consistent [[tenet]] is that being sent to [[Jannah]] ([[paradise]]) or to [[Jahannam]]([[hell]]) is a matter in [[Allah]]'s hands alone (or, in [[Christian]] parlance, a matter determined by grace). God is thus the ultimate [[arbiter]] and [[qadi]] (judge) as to who remains in [[Jahannam]]([[hell]]) and who is rescued.
==Redemption==
In one [[Hadith]], it is related that after the Intercession of [[Muhammad]], God intercedes, repeatedly ordering His [[angels]] to fetch out of [[Jahannam]] ([[hell]]) any who sincerely professed the [[Shahada]] (''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', 3:98). It is also said that those who have done so much as an atom's measure of good or evil will be witness to it (Qur'an 99:7-8), which has been interpreted by some to mean that the smallest amount of virtue or goodness may be sufficient for salvation from eternal punishment.. According to mainstream Sunni thought, those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in [[shirk]] (idol worship) are not rescued from [[Jahannam]] ([[hell]]) and instead remain there forever. After the [[Intercession]], life resumes, either in [[Jannah]] ([[paradise]]) or in [[Jahannam]] ([[hell]]).
== Signs ==
Among many hadith related to signs of day of judgment, one of the most famous hadith is ''Hadith of Gabriel''.
{{QuoteHadith|Abu Hurairah|matn=One day while the Prophet was sitting in the company of some people, (The angel) Gabriel came and asked, "What is faith?" Allah's Apostle replied, 'Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, (the) meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to believe in Resurrection." Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's Apostle replied, "To worship Allah Alone and none else, to offer prayers perfectly to pay the compulsory charity (Zakat) and to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan." Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's Apostle replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion then you must consider that He is looking at you." Then he further asked, "When will the Hour be established?" Allah's Apostle replied, "The answerer has no better knowledge than the questioner. But I will inform you about its portents.
#When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
#When the shepherds of black camels start boasting and competing with others in the construction of higher buildings. And the Hour is one of five things which nobody knows except Allah.
Muhammad then recited: "Verily, with Allah (Alone) is the knowledge of the Hour--." (31. 34) Then that man (Gabriel) left and the Prophet asked his companions to call him back, but they could not see him. Then he said, "That was Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion." Abu 'Abdullah said: He (Muhammad) considered all that as a part of faith. {{bukhari|1|2|47}}}}
=== The Mahdi ===
The coming of the [[Mahdi]] (also Mehdi and meaning "the divinely [[guided one]]"), which precedes the [[Second Coming]] of [[Isa]] ([[Jesus]]), triggers the redemption of [[Islam]] and the defeat of its enemies. The exact nature of the [[Mahdi]] differs between [[Shi'ah]] Muslims and [[Sunni]] Muslims.
"Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before [[Qiyama]] ([[Doomsday]]) ([[Day of Judgment]]), [[Allah]] will expand that day to such a length of time, as to accommodate the kingdom of a person out of my [[Ahlul Bayt]] who will be called by my name. He will then fill out the earth with [[peace]] and [[justice]] as it will have been full of [[injustice]] and [[tyranny]] before then."
''[[Sahih Tirmidhzi]]'', V2, P86, V9, P74-75.
The [[Mahdi]] comes from [[Mecca]] and rules from [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]. [[Isa]] ([[Jesus]]) will defeat Dajjal (literally: deceiver; the false Messiah,) and then shall live on [[Earth]] for many years. According to some traditions [[Isa]] ([[Jesus]]) will get married and have a family, and then die.
The [[antichrist]] is physically misshapen, and blind in one eye. He deceives the faithful, teaching them that [[Jannah]] is [[Jahannam]] and vice versa through his power to work miracles. Upon his head are the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] letters [[''kaf'']], [[''fa'']] and [[''ra'']] ([[kufr]]). He will revive the dead, and claim to be a [[god]]. Some [[traditions]] of [[Islam]] relate that he will appear at [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]], and that he will rally [[Jews]] to his support. However, that is not necessarily a majority view.
[[Muhammad]] asked his followers to recite the first and last ten verses of Chapter '[[Al-Kahf|The Cave]]' as [[protection]] from the [[Dajjal]]. He also taught his followers to pray, "O [[Allah]]! I seek [[refuge]] in Thee from the [[trial]] of the [[Dajjal]]." He also said, There is no [[tribulation]] greater than that of the [[Dajjal]] from the creation of [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]] to [[Qiyama]] (the day of [[resurrection]]).
=== Mark of the Beast ===
In the text, ''Signs of Qayāmah'', Muhammad Ali Ibn Zubair Ali states that after the arrival of the Enlightened One, [[Imam Mahdi]], "the ground will cave in, fog or smoke will cover the skies for forty days ([[ayah]]). A night three nights long will follow the fog. After the night of three nights, the sun will rise in the west. The [[Dabbat al-ard|Beast of the Earth]] shall emerge. The beast will talk to people and [[Mark of the Beast|mark]] the faces of people. A breeze from the south shall cause all the believers to die. The [[Qur'an]] will be lifted from the hearts of the people."
==See also==
*[[Islamic eschatology]]
*[[Eschatology]]
*[[Last Judgment]]
*[[End of the world (religion)|End of the world in religion]]
*[[End Times]]
*[[Angels in Islam]]
*[[Mahdi]]
*[[Isa]]
*[[Resurrection]]
==References==
*The [[Qur'an]]
*al-Bukhari, ''Sahih Bukhari'' (hadith collection)
*''fath al-bârî fî sharh sahîh al-bukhârî'' (hadith collection)
*Al-Ghazâli, ''Ihya' `Olôm al-dîn'' (Revival of religious sciences)
*''Signs of Qayaamah''
*{{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-19-512558-4}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0028656038}}
==External links==
*[http://www.al-islam.com/maknazlatin/Hits.asp?l=eng&p=0-0-1-0-0-4-&subjno=6&pathCount=5 Judgment day in the Qur'ân and hadith]
*[http://www.islambasics.com/view.php?bkID=69&chapter=13 Islam Basics]
*[http://tajweedulquran.com/the-day-of-judgement.asp Tajweed ul Qur'an]
*[http://www.al-qiyamah.org al-Qiyâmah]
*[http://www.islaam.com/Article.aspx?id=402 Signs of the Appearance of the dajjal and His Destruction]
*[http://www.islam.tc/prophecies/ Signs of Qiyamah]
*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/pillars/signsofthelasthour.html Signs of the Last Hour]
*[http://www.islamfrominside.com/Pages/Tafsir/Tafsir%286-73%29.html The two blowings of the Trumpet of Light which ushers in the period of Judgment]
*[http://www.thelastday.eu Signs of the Last Day from Hadith and holy Quran]
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Islamic eschatology]]
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[[ru:День воскресения в исламе]]
[[sv:Qiyamah]]
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