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Penyembelihan Sabra dan Shatila: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Mohamad Najib (bincang | sumb.)
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Baris 17:
Menjelang tengahari Rabu, [[15 September]], pihak IDF telah mengelilingi dan menutup kawasan kem dan meletakkan pos pemerhati pada bumbung di bangunan tinggi berhampiran. Menjelang tengahari Khamis, pihak Israel mengumumkan bahawa ia mengawal semua kawasan penting di Beirut. Pihak IDF bermesyuarat sepanjang hari dengan pemimpin Phalangist, termasuk [[Hobeika]], untuk membincangkan kemasukan mereka kedalam kem. Pada pukul 4 petang, 1500 orang bersenjata berkumpul dan mula bergerak kearah kawasan kem, dan unit pertama 150 orang memasuki kawasan kem pada waktu maghrib, bersenjatakan senapang, pisau dan perang "hatchet". Dari awal malam sehingga lewat tengah malam, pada kedua-dua malam, pihak IDF menembak flare penerang di atas kawasan kem. fired illuminating flares above the camps. A Phalangist officer reported 300 hundred civilian killings to the Israeli command post as early as 8pm Thursday night, and further reports of the killings followed through the night. Some of these reports were forwarded to Tel Aviv and seen by a number of IDF senior officers.
 
Sungguhpun begitu, pasukan bantuan Phalangist tiba di kem pada pagi Jumaat. Sepanjang masa tersebut, tentera Israeli secara perseorangan menyaksikan sebahagian dari penyembelihan tersebut. Pada satu masa soalan melalui radio ditujukan kepada [[Elie Hobeika]] menanyakan apa yang hendak dilakukan terhadap wanita dan kanak-kanak telah dipintas oleh pegawai perhubungan Israeli (dia menjawap "Ini merupakan kali terakhir awak tanya saya soalan seperti itu, awak sudah tahu apa yang perlu dilakukan", tentera Phalange di situ ketawa mendengarkannya). Pada waktu lain anggota pasukan kereta kebal melihat beberapa orang, wanita, dan kanak-kanak di bawa ke stadium (kelihatannya untuk ditembak). Sesetengah tentera IDF diletakkan sekeliling kem mematuhi arahan mereka dan mengusir kembali pelarian yang cuba melarikan diri. Yang lain melapurkan apa yang mereka lihat kepada orang atasan mereka. Anggota Phalangist sering datang meminta makanan, air, dan peluru sepanjang penyembelihan tersebut. Pada pukul 11:30 pagi, Jeneral IDF Yaron memerintahkan Phalanges untuk berhenti mara. Perintah tersebut kelihatannya tidak dipatuhi langsung. Selepas itu pada waktu petang, perbincangan "council" pegawai Israeli memutuskan untuk memberikan masa lanjut kepada pasukan Phalanges sehingga 5 pagi keesokan harinya. Tekanan Amerika yang dicetuskan oleh khabar angin mengenai penyembelihan itu merupakan sebab mendorong kepada keputusan untuk menghentikan pasukan Phalanges. Pasukan IDF juga membekalkan pasukan bersenjata dengan jentolak tambahan.
Despite this, reinforcements arrived in the camps on Friday morning. During all that time, individual Israeli troops witnessed fragments of the massacre. At one time it was a radio question aimed at [[Elie Hobeika]] asking what to do with the women and children and intercepted by an Israeli liaison officer (he replied "This is the last time you're going to ask me a question like that, you know exactly what to do", Phalange troops at the spot laughing having heard that). Another time it was a tank crew seeing several men, women and children led to a stadium (apparently to be shot). Some IDF soldiers posted around the camps followed their orders and turned back refugees trying to flee. Others reported what they were witnessing to their superiors. Phalangists kept coming to them for food, water and ammunition throughout the massacre. At 11:30am, IDF General Yaron ordered the Phalanges to stop advancing. That order seems to have been largely ignored. Later in the afternoon, a council of Israeli officials decided to give the Phalanges still until 5am the following day. American pressure sparked by the rumors of massacre was apparently the motive behind the decision to stop the Phalanges. The IDF also provided the militia with an additional bulldozer.
 
Orang bersenjata tidak keluar dari kem pada pukul 5 pagi Sabtu seperti diperintahkan; sebaliknya, mereka keluar pada pukul 10 pagi, selepas memaksa mereka yang masih hidup untuk beratur keluar dari kem, membunuh mangsa secara rawak, dan menghantar kebanyakan yang lain ke stadium untuk soal-siasat, yang berlarutan sepanjang hari. Pasukan IDF tidak memasuki kem ketika itu, untuk mengelak pembabitan. Pemberita asing pertama dibenarkan memasuki kem pada 9 pagi dan apabila menjumpai beratus-ratus mayat bergelempangan merata-rata, kebanyakannya dikelar, memancarkan berita rasmi mengenai penyembelihan tersebut sekitar waktu tengahari.
The militia men did not exit the camps at 5am on Saturday as they had been ordered; instead, they left at 10am, after forcing the remaining survivors to march out of the camps, randomly killing individuals, and sending most of the others to the stadium for interrogations, which went on for the entire day. The IDF did not enter the camps then, to avoid getting implicated. The first foreign journalists were allowed into the camps at 9am and upon finding hundreds of bodies scattered everywhere, many of them mutilated, broadcast the first official news of the massacre around noon.
 
TheJumlah precisesebenar numbermangsa oftidak victims of the massacre is unknowndiketahui. The [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) countedmenganggarkan sejumlah 2,750 mangsa. IsraeliJumlah figuresIsraeli, basedberasaskan onperisikan IDF intelligence, citemeletakkan ajumlah figure ofsehingga 700-800, ajumlah similaryang figuresama beingdipetik broughtoleh bypihak the Lebaneseberkuasa authoritiesLebnon anddan mostkebanyakan Westernsumber sourcesBarat, anddan occasionallapuran reportslain gomenyebut from as few asantara 300 to as many assehingga 3,000.
 
== AllegationsTuduhan againstterhadap Israel ==
TheBerita newspenyembelihan spreadtersebut throughtersebar mediamelalui aroundmedia thesekeliling worlddunia. FollowingBerikutan thekontrovesi controversyitu, pihak Israel formed amembentuk Commission of Inquiry leddiketuai byoleh formerbekas SupremeHakim JusticeAgung Kahan. TheLapuran reporttersebut includedtermasuk thebukti evidencedari ofkakitangan tentera Israeli army personnel, astermasuk welljuga astokoh politicalpolitik, figuresdan andpegawai Phalange officers. In the report, published in the spring of 1983, the Commission stated that there was no evidence that Israeli units took part in the massacre directly, but that it was solely due to Hobeika and his men. However, the Commission recorded that Israeli military personnel had several times become aware that a massacre was in progress without taking serious steps to stop it, and even that a report of a massacre in progress was made to an Israeli cabinet minister. It recommended that Israel's Defense Minister [[Ariel Sharon]] resign or be fired and also censured a number of military and intelligence officers.
 
Others disagree with the report:
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