Peratusan mengundi: Perbezaan antara semakan
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Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'right|thumb|300px|Para mengundi berbaris di luar stesen mengundi [[Baghdad semasa Pilihan raya Iraq 2005. Peratusan ...' |
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Baris 1:
[[Image:Iraqi voters in Baghdad2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Para mengundi berbaris di luar stesen mengundi [[Baghdad]] semasa [[Pilihan raya Iraq 2005]]. Peratusan mengundi telah didapati tinggi di sebalik merebaknya kekhuatiran mengenai keganasan.]]
{{voting}}
'''Peratusan Mengundi''' merupakan satu peratusan [[mengundi|pengundi]] yang membuang [[Pembuangan undi|undi]] di dalam sebuah [[Pilihan raya|pilihan raya]]. Selepas pertambahan sebanyak beberapa dekad, di sana terdapat satu corak paratusan pengundian yang menurun di dalam kebanyakan negara-negara [[demokrasi]] yang duah didirikan semenjak 1960-an. Pada umumnya, pengundian yang rendah mungkin disebabkan [[kekecewaan]], [[Sikap endah tak endah|perselisihan pendapat]], atau puas hati. Pengundian yang rendah selalunya dikira sebagai satu peristiwa yang tidak dikehendaki, dan terdapat banyak perbahasan terhadap faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan berlakunya peratusan mengundi yang rendah dan bagaimana cara untuk mempertingkatkannya. Di sebalik kajian yang signifikan terhadap isu-isu tersebut, para sarjawan telah dibahagikan kepada alasan-alasan di sebalik penurunan berkenaan. Penyebabnya mungkin berpunca daripada satu kumpulan [[Ekonomi|ekonomi]], [[Demografi|demografi]], budaya , [[Teknologi|teknologi]], dan faktor-faktor institusi yang luas. Terdapat banyak usaha untuk menaikkan peratusan mengundi dan menggalakkan pengundian.
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==Notakaki==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Rujukan==
*Franklin, Mark N. "Electoral Engineering and Cross National Turnout Differences." ''British Journal of Political Science.'' 1999
*Kanazawa, Satoshi. "A Possible Solution to the Paradox of Voter Turnout." ''The Journal of Politics.''
*Lijphart, Arend. "Unequal Participation: Democracy's Unresolved Dilemma." ''American Political Science Review.'' vol. 91 (March 1997): 1–14. p. 12
*McDonald, Michael and Samuel Popkin. "The Myth of the Vanishing Voter." ''American Political Science Review.'' 2001.
*Niemi, Richard G. and Herbert F. Weisberg. eds. ''Controversies in Voting Behavior.'' Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2001.
*Norris, Pippa. ''Elections and Voting Behaviour: New Challenges, New Perspectives.'' Aldershot: Ashgate, Dartmouth, 1998.
*Rose, Richard, ed. ''Electoral Participation: A Comparative Analysis.'' Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1980.
*Wolfinger, Raymond E. and Steven J. Rosenstone. 1980. ''Who Votes?'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
*Wolfinger, R., Glass, D., Squire, P.(1990). Predictors of electoral turnout:an international comparison. Policy Studies Review, 9(3), p551–574, 24p
*Highton, B. (1997, May). Easy registration and voter turnout. The Journal of Politics, 59(2), pp. 565–575.
==Bacaan lanjutan==
''alphabetical by title and work''
*{{cite news | author=Charles Q. Choi | title=The Genetics of Politics | url= | format=Print | work=[[Scientific American]]
| publisher=Scientific American, Inc. | pages=18,21 | date=November 2007 | accessdate=2008-06-26
| quote= ...the desire to vote or abstain from politics might largely be hardwired into our biology }} <!-- sciam.com down at the time of the edit that introduced this item -->
*{{cite web | url=http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq
| title=A New Nation Votes: American Elections Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=2008-06-24 | work=Digital Collections and Archives
| date=2008-05-29 | publisher=[[Tufts University]] | author=Philip Lampi
| quote=A New Nation Votes is a searchable collection of election returns from the earliest years of American democracy. }}
*{{cite web | url=http://makeitanissue.org.uk/devlog/2007/01/the_power_commission_was_estab.php | title=The Power Report | accessdate=2008-06-24 | work=makeitanissue.org.uk | date=2007-01-19 | publisher=The Power Inquiry
| quote=The Power Commission was established to discover what is happening to our democracy. It sought to establish why people were disengaging from formal democratic politics in Britain and how these trends could be reversed. }}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.electionguide.org/voter-turnout.php | title=Voter Turnout | accessdate=2008-06-24
| work=ElectionGuide | publisher=[[International Foundation for Electoral Systems]]
| quote=...ElectionGuide is the most comprehensive and timely source of verified election information and results available online. }}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.fairvote.org/?page=262 | title=Voter Turnout | accessdate=2008-06-24 | work=[[FairVote]]
| publisher=Voting and Democracy Research Center
| quote=Voter Turnout is a fundamental quality of fair elections and is generally considered to be a necessary factor for a healthy democracy.}}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.idea.int/vt | title=Voter Turnout | accessdate=2008-06-23 | work=International IDEA website
| date=2008-06-16 | publisher=[[International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance]]
| quote=The International IDEA Voter Turnout Website contains the most comprehensive global collection of political participation statistics available. }}
*{{cite web | url=http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm | title=Voter Turnout | author=Michael McDonald
| accessdate=2008-06-24 | work=United States Elections Project | date=2008-04-01
| quote=Statistics on voter turnout presented here show that the much-lamented decline in voter participation is an artifact of the way in which it is measured. }}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.mapleleafweb.com/features/voter-turnout-canada | title=Voter Turnout in Canada | accessdate=2008-06-23
| work=Maple Leaf Web | date=2007-03-01 | author=Rhonda Parkinson
| quote=Since the 1980s, voter turnout in federal elections has fallen sharply. }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Voter Turnout}}
[[Category:Elections]]
[[de:Wahlbeteiligung]]
[[en:Voting turnout]]
[[es:Participación electoral]]
[[gl:Participación política]]
[[is:Kjörsókn]]
[[he:אחוז הצבעה]]
[[ja:投票率]]
[[no:Valgoppslutning]]
[[pl:Frekwencja wyborcza]]
[[zh:投票率]]
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