Semakan pada 02:13, 16 Oktober 2009 sunting Syarikat Pemunggahan Rencana (bincang \| sumb.) 19,268 suntingan Tiada ringkasan suntingan ← Suntingan sebelumnya		Semakan pada 08:48, 16 Oktober 2009 sunting batalkan Syarikat Pemunggahan Rencana (bincang \| sumb.) 19,268 suntingan →‎Dalam bidang psikologi Suntingan berikutnya →
Baris 11: == Dalam bidang psikologi == [[Tingkah laku manusia]] (dan [[organisma]] yang lain serta juga [[mekanisme]]) dapat bersifat biasa, luar biasa, boleh diterima atau [[Tingkah laku lencongan\|tidak boleh diterima]]. Manusia menilai [[Tabu\|kebolehterimaan]] sesuatu tingkah laku dengan menggunakan [[norma sosial]] untuk mengawalnya menerusi [[kawalan sosial]]. Dalam bidang [[sosiologi]], tingkah laku dianggap sebagai tidak bermakna kerana ia tidak ditujukan kepada orang lain dan justera, merupakan [[Tindakan sosial\|tindakan]] manusia yang paling asas. Bagaimanapun, tingkah laku masih dapat memainkan peranan dalam [[diagnosis]] [[gangguan]] seperti [[autisme]]. Tingkah laku haiwan dikaji dalam bidang [[psikologi perbandigan]], [[etologi]], [[ekologi tingkah laku]] dan [[sosiobiologi]]. [[Human behavior]] (and that of other [[organism]]s and mechanisms) can be common, unusual, acceptable, or [[deviant behavior\|unacceptable]]. Humans evaluate the [[taboo\|acceptability]] of behavior using [[social norm]]s and regulate behavior by means of [[social control]]. In [[sociology]], behavior is considered as having no meaning, being not directed at other people and thus is the most basic human [[Action (philosophy)\|action]], although can play a part in diagnosis of disorders such as [[autism]]. Animal behavior is studied in [[comparative psychology]], [[ethology]], [[behavioral ecology]] and [[sociobiology]]. Behavior became an important construct in early 20th century Psychology with the advent of the paradigm known subsequently as "[[behaviorism]]". Behaviorism was a reaction against so-called "faculty" psychology which purported to see into or understand the mind without the benefit of scientific testing. Behaviorism insisted on working only with what can be seen or manipulated and in the early views of [[John B. Watson]], a founder of the field, nothing was inferred as to the nature of the entity that produced the behavior. Subsequent modifications of Watson's perspective and that of so-called "[[classical conditioning]]" (see under [[Ivan Pavlov]]) led to the rise of [[operant conditioning]], a theory advocated by [[B.F. Skinner]], which took over the academic establishment up through the 1950s and was synonymous with "behaviorism" for many.

Tingkah laku: Perbezaan antara semakan