Stesen kereta api: Perbezaan antara semakan

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[[Fail:Amtrak Station in Culpeper VA.jpg|thumb|Stesen kereta api kecil biasa]]
'''Stesen kereta api''' ialah satu kemudahan tempat di mana para [[penumpang]] dapat menaiki dan menuruni [[kereta api]], dan/atau di mana kereta api pengangkut [[barang]]an dapat diisi atau dipunggah.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/b/bishopsgate_goods_station/index.shtml |title=Bishopsgate Goods Station (Goodsyard) |work=Subterranea Britannica |date=2005-06-29 |accessdate=2008-03-13}}</ref>
Lazimnya terdapat pengangkutan awam lain yang berhubung dengan stesen kereta api seperti [[bas]] dan teksi.
 
Sebuah stesen biasanya terdiri dari sekurang-kurangnya satu bangunan untuk para penumpang (dan kemungkinan pengangkutanbarangan) tambahdan ditambah pemasangan lain berkaitan dengan kefungsian landasan. Sebuah stesen kecil dengan sedkitisedikit kemudahan dan/atau kegunaan terhad dapat diketahuidipanggil sebagai "perhentian".
Sebuah '''stesen keretapi''' adalah sebuah kemudahan yang di mana para [[penumpang]] dapat menaiki dan menurun dari [[keretapi]], dan/atau di mana mengangkut [[pengangkutan]] (atau [[barangan]]) keretapi dapat diisi atau dipunggah.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/b/bishopsgate_goods_station/index.shtml
|title=Bishopsgate Goods Station (Goodsyard)
|work=Subterranea Britannica
|date=[[2005-06-29]]
|accessdate=2008-03-13| }}</ref>
 
Stesen dibina sama ada bersebelahan dengan atau melintangi sebuah laluan keretapi, atau di hujung laluan (di mana ia menjadi [[stesen terminal|terminal]] laluan). Biasanya [[pelantar kereta api|pelantar]] ternaik disediakan untuk membenarkan para penumpang menaiki kereta api secara mudah dan selamat. Pelantar dapat dihubungkan dengan [[laluan bawah tanah]], [[jambatan jalan kaki]], atau [[lintasan kereta api]]; kemudahan penumpang seperti tempat berlindung, jualan [[tiket]] dan [[bangku]] boleh dijumpai di pelantar atau (di stesen besar) dalam bangunan stesen.<ref>{{cite web
Sebuah stesen biasanya terdiri dari sekurang-kurangnya satu bangunan untuk para penumpang (dan kemungkinan pengangkutan) tambah pemasangan lain berkaitan dengan kefungsian landasan. Sebuah stesen kecil dengan sedkiti kemudahan dan/atau kegunaan terhad dapat diketahui sebagai "perhentian".
 
Stesen-stesen terdahulu kadang-kadang dibinakan dengan para penumpang dan kemudahan barangan, walaupun sesetengah laluan keretapi adalah barangan sahaja atau penumpang sahaja, dan jika sebuah laluan mempunyai dwi-tujuan akan sering adanya sebuah depot barangan dari stesen penumpang.<ref>{{cite journal
| url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0066-622X(1961)4%3C63%3ATIOTER%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q
| title=The Inception of the English Railway Station
| journal=[[Architectural History]]
| volume=4
| year=1961
| pages=63–76
| accessdate=2008-03-13
| doi=10.2307/1568245 }}</ref> Stesen dwi-tujuan kadang-kadang dapat dijumpa hari ini, walaupun dalam banyak hal kemudahan barangan dihadkan ke stesen utama. Stesen ditapakkan di sama ada bersebelahan dengan atau athwart sebuah laluan keretapi, atau di hujung satu (di mana mereka dikatakan membentuk [[stesen terminal|terminus]] laluan). Biasanya [[pentas keretapi|pentas]] dinaikkan diberikan untuk membenarkan para penumpang untuk menaiki keretapi secara mudah dan selamat. Pentas dapat dihubung dengan [[Bawah tanah (underpass)|bawah tanah]], [[jambatan kaki]], atau [[lintas level]]; passenger facilities such as shelter, [[Ticket (admission)|ticket]] sales and [[Bench (furniture)|benches]] can be found on the platforms or (at larger stations, where buildings exist) in the station's public buildings.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.netherlandsrailways.co.uk/NS%20Station%20Furniture.htm
| title=NS Station Furniture
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| accessdate=2008-03-13| }}</ref>
 
== Pembangunan ==
As well as providing services for passengers and loading facilities for goods, stations can sometimes have locomotive and rolling stock depots (usually with facilities for storing and refuelling locomotives and rolling stock and carrying out minor repair jobs). In North America a railway station that is jointly used by several [[rail transport]] companies is sometimes called a [[union station]], or an [[interchange station]]. Stations co-located with other transport systems such as [[tram]]s and [[bus]]es may also be referred to as interchanges,<ref>{{cite web
[[ImageFail:Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg|thumb|[[Grand Central Terminal]] in [[New York]], [[United States]].]]
| url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/bus/chorley_interchange/chorley.asp
[[ImageFail:Broad street station 1865.png|thumb|1865 - The typical grand edifice of [[Broad Street station (London)|Broad Street station]] in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] (demolished 1986).]]
| title=Chorley Interchange
| publisher=Lancashire County Council
| year=2008
| accessdate=2008-03-13| }}</ref> as may stations offering both metro/subway and heavy-rail services.
 
== Development ==
[[Image:Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg|thumb|[[Grand Central Terminal]] in [[New York]], [[United States]].]]
[[Image:Broad street station 1865.png|thumb|1865 - The typical grand edifice of [[Broad Street station (London)|Broad Street station]] in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] (demolished 1986).]]
The first stations had little in the way of buildings or amenities. The first stations in the modern sense were on the [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]], opened in 1830.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/transport/rail-stations.html
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| work=Manchester UK
| accessdate=2008-03-13| }}</ref> As of 2008, [[Manchester]]'s ''[[Liverpool Road railway station (Manchester)|Liverpool Road Station]]'' is preserved as part of the [[Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester]]. It resembles a row of [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] houses.
 
Stesen-stesen terdahulu kadang-kadang dibinakandibina dengan kemudahan untuk para penumpang dan kemudahan barangan, walaupun sesetengah laluan keretapikereta api adalah barangan sahaja atau penumpang sahaja, dan jika sebuah laluan mempunyai dwi-tujuan akan sering adanyakali akan ada sebuah depot barangan daridi stesen penumpang.<ref>{{cite journal
| url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0066-622X(1961)4%3C63%3ATIOTER%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q
| title=The Inception of the English Railway Station
| journal=[[Architectural History]]
| volume=4 | year=1961 | pages=63–76
| accessdate=2008-03-13| }}</ref>
| doi=10.2307/1568245 }}</ref> Stesen dwi-tujuan masih dapat dijumpa hari ini, walaupun dalam banyak hal kemudahan barangan dihadkan ke stesen utama.
 
In rural and remote communities across [[Canada]] and the [[United States]], passengers wanting to board the train had to flag the train down in order for it to stop. Such stations were known as "flag stops" or "flag stations".<ref>{{cite web
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Terminals that have competing rail lines using the station frequently set up a jointly owned [[terminal railroad]] to own and operate the station and its associated tracks, switching operations.
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== Station facilities ==
[[Image:LewesStation Big.jpg|thumb|The typical non-terminus [[Lewes railway station]] in [[East Sussex]], [[United Kingdom]]. Passengers reach the island platform (on right) by a pedestrian footbridge. A second pair of platforms are out of view.]]
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In many [[Africa]]n and [[South America]]n countries, stations are used as a place for public markets and other informal business. This is especially true on [[tourist]] routes or stations near [[tourist destination]]s, as souvenirs can be made and sold to "wealthy" visitors to the country.
 
As well as providing services for passengers and loading facilities for goods, stations can sometimes have locomotive and rolling stock depots (usually with facilities for storing and refuelling locomotives and rolling stock and carrying out minor repair jobs). In North America a railway station that is jointly used by several [[rail transport]] companies is sometimes called a [[union station]], or an [[interchange station]]. Stations co-located with other transport systems such as [[tram]]s and [[bus]]es may also be referred to as interchanges,<ref>{{cite web
 
== Configurations of railway stations ==
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While a junction or [[interlocking]] usually divides two or more [[railway]] lines or routes, and thus has remotely or locally operated [[railway signal|signals]], a station stop does not. A station stop usually does not have any tracks other than the main tracks, and may or may not have [[railroad switch|switches]] (points, crossovers).
 
=== Halts ===
=== Halts ===<!-- This section is linked from [[railway station]] and [[Haltwhistle]]-->
A '''halt''', in railway parlance, is a small railway station, usually unstaffed and with few or no facilities. In some cases, trains only stop "on request"; i.e. when a passenger on the platform indicates that they wish to board, or a passenger on the train informs the crew that they wish to alight.
 
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== Accessibility ==
Accessibility for people with disabilities is mandated by law in some countries. Considerations include: elevator or ramp access to all platforms, matching platform height to train floors, making wheelchair lifts available when platforms do not match vehicle floors, accessible toilets and pay phones, audible station announcements, and safety measures such as tactile marking of platform edges.
 
 
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== Goods stations ==
{{main articleutama|Goods station}}
[[Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1986-0418-002, Rostock, Güterbahnhof.jpg|thumb|Goods station with fan of sidings and hump signals at [[Rostock]], East Germany, 1986]]
Goods or freight stations deal exclusively or predominantly with the loading and unloading of goods and may well have [[marshalling yards]] (classification yards) for the sorting of wagons.
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== Largest and busiest stations ==
[[Image:JR Central Towers.jpg|thumb|[[Nagoya Station]] in [[Japan]] is the world's tallest railway station building.]]
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* [[Châtelet - Les Halles (Paris RER)|Châtelet-Les Halles]], in the centre of [[Paris]], is the world's largest underground station.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ratp.fr/common/ressources/concertation_p1.pdf| title=Un pôle de transport d'envergure régional| publisher=RATP| language=French| format=PDF| accessdate=2008-03-13| }}</ref>
 
== GalleryGaleri ==
<gallery>
</gallery>
 
== SeeLihat alsojuga ==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
* [[BusStesen stationbas]]
* [[BusPerhentian stopbas]]
* [[BusTerminal terminusbas]]
* [[Goods station]]
* [[Hauptbahnhof]]
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{{Col-end}}
 
== ReferencesRujukan ==
[[ImageFail:Brussels central station.jpg|thumb|Underground: [[Brussels-Central railway station]]]]
{{reflist|2}}
 
== External links ==
== Pautan luar ==
{{commons|Railway station|Stesen keretapi}}
*[http://www.railway-technical.com/stations.shtml A comprehensive technical article about stations] from Railway Technical Web Pages
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{{Pengangkutan awam}}
 
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