Penghapusan pemerintahan beraja: Perbezaan antara semakan

[[Mesir]] dan [[Sudan]] menghapuskan monarki pada tahun 1953 selepas revolusi tahun 1952. Raja-raja dihapuskan di [[Tunisia]] pada tahun 1957, [[Iraq]] 1958, [[Libya]] 1969, dan [[Iran]] melalui revolusi pada tahun 1979. Di Ethopia, maharaja digulingkan pada tahun 1974 akibat dari revolusi demokrasi. Pergolakan politik dan kebangkitan komunis menamatkan monarki di [[Indochina]] selepas [[Perang Dunia II]].

 

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"

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!colspan="6"|1910an

|-

|[[Portugal]]

|[[Manuel II dari Portugal|Manuel II]]

|[[Revolusi 5 Oktober 1910|Kudeta Republikan]]

|-

|[[Empayar Korea|Korea]]

|[[Maharaja Sunjong dari Empayar Kore|Sunjong]]

|Raja asal dihapuskan dan digantikan dengan pemerintahan [[Jepun]], sehingga tahun 1945

|-

|[[Dinasti Qing|China]]

|[[Puyi]]

|[[Revolusi Xinhai|Revolusi Xīnhài]] – Maharaja disingkirkan oleh pemimpin perang dan republikan

|-

|[[Principality of Albania|Albania]]

|[[William dari Wied|William I]]

|Pemerintahan monarki dikembalikan pada tahun 1928 ([[Albanian Kingdom]])

|-

|[[Empayar Rusia|Rusia]]

|[[Nikolai II]]

|[[Revolusi Februari]]

|-

|[[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]]

|[[Nicholas I dari Montenegro|Nikola I]]

|Referendum menyingkirkan Raja dan bersatu dengan [[Serbia]]

|-

|[[Empayar Jerman|Jerman]]

|rowspan="2"|[[Wilhelm II, Maharaja Jerman|Wilhelm II]]

|rowspan="23"|Semuanya kerana kekalahan Jerman dalam [[Perang Dunia I]] dan selepas itu [[Revolusi Jerman]]

|-

|[[Kerajaan Prussia|Prussia]]

|-

|[[Kerajaan Bavaria|Bavaria]]

|[[Ludwig III dari Bavaria|Ludwig III]]

|-

|[[Kerajaan Württemberg|Württemberg]]

|[[Wilhelm II dari Württemberg|Wilhelm II]]

|-

|[[Kerajaan Saxony|Saxony]]

|[[Frederick Augustus III dari Saxony|Friedrich Augustus III]]

|-

|[[Grand Duchy dari Hesse|Hesse]]

|[[Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke dari Hesse|Ernst Ludwig I]]

|-

|[[Grand Duchy dari Baden|Baden]]

|[[Friedrich II, Grand Duke dari Baden|Friedrich II]]

|-

|[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]

|[[Wilhelm Ernst dari Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Wilhelm Ernst I]]

|-

|[[Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]

|rowspan="2"|[[Friedrich Franz IV dari Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Friedrich Franz IV]]

|[[Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]

|-

|[[Oldenburg (state)|Oldenburg]]

|[[Friedrich August II]]

|-

|[[Duchy dari Brunswick|Brunswick]]

|[[Ernest Augustus, Duke dari Brunswick|Ernst Augustus I]]

|-

|[[Anhalt]]

|[[Joachim Ernst dari Anhalt|Joachim Ernst I]]

|-

|[[Saxe-Coburg dan Gotha]]

|[[Carl Eduard dari Saxe-Coburg dan Gotha|Carl Eduard I]]

|-

|[[Saxe-Meiningen]]

|[[Bernhard III, Duke dari Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard III]]

|-

|[[Saxe-Altenburg]]

|[[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Ernst II]]

|-

|[[Waldeck-Pyrmont]]

|[[Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Friedrich I]]

|-

|[[Principality of Lippe|Lippe]]

|[[Leopold IV of Lippe|Leopold IV]]

|-

|[[Schaumburg-Lippe]]

|[[Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe|Adolf II]]

|-

|[[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]

|rowspan="2"|[[Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg|Günther Victor I]]

|[[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]]

|-

|[[Reuss Elder Line|Reuss <small>Senior Line</small>]]

|-

|-

|[[Reuss Younger Line|Reuss <small>Junior Line</small>]]

|-

|-

|[[Austria-Hungary|Austria]]

|[[Charles I of Austria|Karl I]]

|dijatuhkan dan pemerintahan beraja dihapuskan

|-

|''[[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|Finland]]''

|[[Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles I]] (raja yang dilantik)

|rowspan="3"|tidak pernah berkuatkuasa

|-

|''[[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Lithuania]]''

|[[Mindaugas II]] (raja yang dilantik)

|-

|''[[Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918)|Poland]]''

|Tiada (diperintah oleh [[Majlis Pemangku Raja]])

|-

|[[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]

|[[Charles I of Austria|Károly IV]]

!colspan="6"|1920an

|-

|[[Kesultanan Bukhara|Bukhara <small>(Uzbekistan)</small>]]

|[[Mohammed Alim Khan]]

|-

|-

|[[Khanate Khiva|Khiva <small>(Uzbekistan)</small>]]

|Abdallah Khan

|-

|-

|[[Empayar Uthmaniyyah|Turki <small>(Empayar Uthmaniyyah)</small>]]

|[[Mehmed VI]]

|rowspan="2"|[[Perang Kemerdekaan Turki]] diikuti dengan keputusan parlimen pada tahun 1923

|-

|[[Khalifah]]

|[[Abdülmecid II]]

|1924

|-

|[[Kerajaan Greece|Greece]]

|[[George II dari Greece|Georgios II]]

|dipulihkan pada tahun 1935 dan kemudian dimusnahkan pada tahun 1974 (lihat bawah)

|-

|[[Mongolia]]

|[[Bogd Khan]]

!colspan="6"|1930an

|-

|[[Sepanyol di bawah Pemulihan|Sepanyol]]

|[[Alfonso XIII dari Sepanyol|Alfonso XIII]]

!colspan="6"|1940s

|-

|[[Negara Bebas Croatia|Croatia]]

|[[Tomislav II dari Croatia, 4th Duke dari Aosta|Tomislav II]]

|diturunkan selepas hilang sokongan Itali

|-

|[[Kingdom of Iceland|Iceland]]

|[[Christian X of Denmark|Christian X]]

|penyatuan dengan [[Denmark]] ditamatkan

|-

|[[Kerajaan Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]

|[[Peter II dari Yugoslavia|Petar II]]

|kebangkitan komunis

|-

|[[Manchukuo]]

|[[Puyi]]

|bersatu dengan [[Republik China]] selepas penamatan Empayar

|-

|[[Kerajaan Hungary|Hungary]]

|Tiada ([[Miklós Horthy]] sebagai pemangku raja)

|Keputusan parlimen tanpa referendum.

|-

|[[Kerajaan Itali (1861-1946)|Itali]]

|[[Umberto II dari Itali|Umberto II]]

|referendum; keputusan rasmi: 54,3% memihak kepada republik

|-

|[[Kerajaan Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]

|[[Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|Simeon II]]

|inisiatif referendum oleh Soviet; keputusan rasmi: 95% menentang pemerintahan beraja

|-

|[[Albanian Kingdom|Albania]]

|[[Zog of Albania|Zog I]]

|disingkirkan oleh komunis

|-

|[[Kerajaan Sarawak|Sarawak]]

|[[Charles Vyner Brooke]]

|[[Rajah Putih]] menyerahkan kuasa kepada Mahkota British

|-

|[[Kerajaan Romania|Romania]]

|[[Michael I dari Romania|Mihai I]]

|dipaksa turun oleh komunis

|-

|[[List of Indian Princely States|Indian Princely States]]

|Lihat artikel

|menjadi [[Integrasi politik India|negeri persekutuan]] daripada India

|-

|[[Irish Free State|Ireland]]

|[[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]]

!colspan="6"|1950an

|-

|[[British India|India]]

|George VI

|Monarki Alam Komanwel yang dihapuskan

|-

|[[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt and Sudan]]

|[[Fuad II of Egypt|Fuad II]]

|Revolution

|-

|[[Empire of Vietnam|Vietnam]]

|[[Bảo Đại]]

|referendum

|-

|[[British India|Pakistan]]

|[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]

|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[Beylik of Tunis|Tunisia]]

|[[Muhammad VIII al-Amin]]

|rowspan="2"|coup d'état

|-

|[[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]]

|[[Faisal II]]

!colspan="6"|1960s

|-

|[[History of Ghana#Independence|Ghana]]

|rowspan="2"|Elizabeth II

|rowspan="2"|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]

|rowspan="2"|1961

|-

|[[Kingdom of Rwanda|Rwanda]]

|[[Kigeli V]]

|coup d'état

|-

|[[Tanganyika]]

|Elizabeth II

|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]]

|[[Muhammad al-Badr|Muhammad XI]]

|coup d'état

|-

|[[History of Nigeria (1960-1979)|Nigeria]]

|rowspan="3"|Elizabeth II

|rowspan="3"|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[Early independent Uganda|Uganda]]

|-

|[[History of Kenya#Independent Kenya|Kenya]]

|rowspan="2"|1964

|-

|[[Zanzibar#History|Zanzibar]]

|[[Jamshid bin Abdullah]]

|rowspan="2"|coup d'état

|-

|[[Burundian monarchy|Burundi]]

|[[Ntare V]]

|rowspan="2"|1966

|-

|[[History of Malawi#Malawian independence|Malawi]]

|Elizabeth II

|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[History of the Maldives#Independence|Maldives]]

|[[Muhammad Fareed Didi]]

|referendum

|-

|[[Kingdom of Libya|Libya]]

|[[Idris I of Libya|Idris I]]

!colspan="6"|1970s

|-

|[[Cambodia]]

|[[Norodom Sihanouk]]

|later restored (see below)

|-

|[[History of the Gambia|The Gambia]]

|rowspan="4"|Elizabeth II

|rowspan="3"|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[History of Guyana#Independence|Guyana]]

|-

|[[History of Sierra Leone#Early independence (1961 - 1978)|Sierra Leone]]

|1971

|-

|[[History of Sri Lanka#Political independence|Ceylon]]

|1972

|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]], state name changed in to "Sri Lanka"

|-

|[[Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah|Afghanistan]]

|[[Mohammed Zahir Shah]]

|rowspan="2"|coup d'état

|-

|[[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]]

|[[Haile Selassie I]]

|rowspan="3"|1974

|-

|[[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]

|[[Constantine II of Greece|Konstantinos II]]

|referendum; official result: 69% against monarchy

|-

|[[History of Malta#Independence|Malta]]

|Elizabeth II

|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]

|-

|[[Kingdom of Laos|Laos]]

|[[Savang Vatthana]]

|Communist takeover

|-

|[[Sikkim]]

|[[Palden Thondup Namgyal]]

|referendum; official result: 97% to become a [[state of India]]

|-

|[[History of Trinidad and Tobago#Political development in 20th century|Trinidad and Tobago]]

|Elizabeth II

|Penghapusan Monarki Alam Komanwel

|-

|[[Pahlavi dynasty|Iran]]

|[[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]

|[[Iranian Revolution]]

|-

|[[Central African Empire|Central Africa]]

|[[Bokassa I]]

|-

|-

|[[History of Zimbabwe#Independence|Zimbabwe]]

|Elizabeth II

|Abolished [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth monarchy]]. Unofficially, had declared a republic in 1965 under the name [[Rhodesia]] but this was not internationally recognised. State had previously been the British colony of [[Southern Rhodesia]].

|-

|[[History of Fiji#1970 to present|Fiji]]

|Elizabeth II

|-

|-

|[[History of Mauritius#From independence to the end of the twentieth century|Mauritius]]

|Elizabeth II

|-

|-

|[[Politics of Samoa|Samoa]]

|[[Malietoa Tanumafili II]]

|Last non-elected ruler ([[O le Ao o le Malo]]) died, country [[de facto]] switched to parliamentary republic

|-

|[[Politics of Nepal|Nepal]]

|[[Gyanendra of Nepal|Gyanendra I]]

 

== Lihat juga ==

 

== Nota kaki ==

[[en:Abolished monarchy]]

[[ko:폐지된 군주제]]

[[ja:君主制廃止論]]

[[no:Avskaffede monarkier]]