Élie Metchnikoff
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (juga ditulis sebagai Élie Metchnikoff; 15 Mei 1845 - 15 Julai 1916)[1] ialah seorang zoologi Rusia terkenal dengan penyelidikan perintis dalam imunologi.[2][3][4]
Khususnya, beliau dikreditkan dengan penemuan fagosit (makrofaj) pada tahun 1882. Penemuan ini ternyata menjadi mekanisme pertahanan utama dalam kekebalan semula jadi. Beliau dan Paul Ehrlich dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan pada tahun 1908 sebagai pengiktirafan terhadap kerja mereka terhadap imuniti. Beliau uga dikreditkan oleh beberapa sumber dengan memperkenalkan istilah gerontologi pada tahun 1903, untuk kajian yang semakin meningkat mengenai penuaan dan umur panjang.[5][6] Beliau menubuhkan konsep imuniti sel-mediasi, manakala Ehrlich menubuhkan konsep kekebalan humoral. Kerja-kerja mereka dianggap sebagai asas sains imunologi.[7] Dalam imunologi, beliau diberikan efitet sebagai "bapa imuniti semula jadi".[8]
Buku sunting
Metchnikoff menulis buku-buku terkenal seperti:[8]
- Leçons sur la pathologie comparée de l'inflammation (1892; Kuliah pada Patologi Perbandingan Keradangan)
- Infektieus L'Immunité dan penyakit infeksi (1901; Kekebalan dalam Penyakit Berjangkit)
- Études sur la nature humaine (1903; The Nature of Man)
- Kekebalan dalam Penyakit Infeksi (1905)
- Kebersihan Baru: Tiga Kuliah Mengenai Pencegahan Penyakit Berjangkit (1906)
- Perpanjangan Hidup: Pengajian Optimis (1907)
Pautan luar sunting
| Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: Élie Metchnikoff |
| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Élie Metchnikoff |
- The Romantic Rationalist: A Study Of Elie Metchnikoff
- Works of Elie Metchnikoff, a Pasteur Institute bibliography
- Books written by I.I.Mechnikov (In Russian)
- Lactobacillus bulgaricus on the web
- Tsalyk St. Immunity defender Diarkibkan 2014-05-18 di Wayback Machine
- Immunity in Infective Diseases (1905) by Élie Metchnikoff, translated by Francis B. Binny, on the Internet Archive
- The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies (1908) by Élie Metchnikoff, translation edited by P. Chalmers Mitchell, on the Internet Archive
- Luba Vikhanski's page for Metchnikoff's documentary
- Elie Metchnikoff, Nobel Luminaries – Jewish Nobel Prize Winners, on the Beit Hatfutsot-The Museum of the Jewish People Website.
Rujukan sunting
- ^ "Ilya Mechnikov: Biographical". Nobel Prizes. Dicapai pada 14 May 2019.
- ^ Belkin, R.I. (1964). "Commentary," in I.I. Mechnikov, Academic Collection of Works, vol. 16. Moscow: Meditsina. m/s. 434. Belkin, a Russian science historian, explains why Metchnikoff himself, in his Nobel autobiography – and subsequently, many other sources – mistakenly cited his date of birth as May 16 instead of May 15. Metchnikoff made the mistake of adding 13 days to May 3, his Old-Style birthday, as was the convention in the 20th century. But since he had been born in the 19th century, only 12 days should have been added.
- ^ Vikhanski, Luba (2016). Immunity: How Elie Metchnikoff Changed the Course of Modern Medicine. Chicago Review Press. m/s. 278. ISBN 978-1613731109.
The author cites Metchnikoff's death certificate, according to which he died on July 15, 1916 (the original is in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Metchnikoff Fund, 584-2-208). Olga Metchnikoff did not provide a precise date for her husband's death in her book, and many sources erroneously cite it as July 16.
- ^ "Ilya Mechnikov – Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Dicapai pada 16 March 2015.
- ^ Vértes, L (1985). "The gerontologist Mechnikov". Orvosi hetilap. 126 (30): 1859–1860. PMID 3895124.
- ^ Martin, D. J.; Gillen, L. L. (2013). "Revisiting Gerontology's Scrapbook: From Metchnikoff to the Spectrum Model of Aging". The Gerontologist. 54 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1093/geront/gnt073. PMID 23893558.
- ^ Kaufmann, Stefan H E (2008). "Immunology's foundation: the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize to Paul Ehrlich and Elie Metchnikoff". Nature Immunology. 9 (7): 705–712. doi:10.1038/ni0708-705. PMID 18563076.
- ^ a b Gordon, Siamon (2008). "Elie Metchnikoff: Father of natural immunity". European Journal of Immunology. 38 (12): 3257–3264. doi:10.1002/eji.200838855. PMID 19039772.