Atlas (mitologi)

Atlas
Atlas
Titan daya tahan dan astronomi
	Farnese Atlas, perwakilan tertua sfera samawi yang diketahui.
Tempat tinggal	Pinggir barat Gaia (Bumi)
Maklumat peribadi
Pasangan	Pleione; Hesperius;
Zuriat	Hesperides; Hyades; Pleiades; Hyas; Calypso; Dione; Maera;
Ibu Bapa	Iapetus (bapa); Asia atau Klumene (ibu);
Kesetaraan Rom	Atlas

Dalam mitologi Yunani, Atlas (أطلس; Átlas) adalah Titan yang dihukum untuk menongkat langit angkasa selama-lamanya selepas Titanomaki. Atlas juga memainkan peranan dalam mitos dua wira Yunani yang paling besar: Heracles (kesetaraan Rom ialah Hercules) dan Perseus. Menurut penyair Yunani purba Hesiod, Atlas berdiri di hujung bumi di barat lampau.^[1] Kemudian, dia menjadi biasa dikenali dengan Pergunungan Atlas di barat laut Afrika dan dikatakan sebagai "Raja Mauretania".^[2] Atlas dikatakan mahir dalam falsafah, matematik, dan astronomi. Pada masa dahulu, dia dikreditkan dengan mencipta sfera samawi pertama. Dalam beberapa teks, dia juga dikreditkan dengan penciptaan astronomi itu sendiri.^[3]

Atlas adalah anak kepada Titan Iapetus dan Oceanid Asia^[4] atau Clymene^[5]. Dia mempunyai banyak anak, kebanyakannya anak perempuan, Hesperides, Hyades, Pleiades, dan nimfa Calypso yang tinggal di pulau Ogygia.^[6]

Istilah Atlas telah digunakan untuk menggambarkan koleksi peta semenjak abad ke-16 ketika ahli geografi Jerman-Flemish Gerardus Mercator menerbitkan karya untuk menghormati mitos Titan. "Lautan Atlantik" bermaksud "Laut Atlas", manakala "Atlantis" bermaksud "pulau Atlas", dengan beberapa mitos yang memanggil dewa ini seorang raja Atlantis.

Galeri sunting

Atlas menyokong dunia terestrial di dalam bangunan di Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia.
Nautilus Cup. Bekas minum, untuk perayaan istana, menggambarkan Atlas memegang cangkerang di belakangnya.^[7] The Walters Art Museum
Arca Atlas, Praza do Toural, Santiago de Compostela
Atlas Yunani-Buddha (kk. 100 M), menyokong monumen Buddha, Hadda, Afghanistan

Lihat juga sunting

Atlas (seni bina)
Bahamut, analog kasar dari mitologi Arab, dan ahli lain Kategori:Haiwan pembawa dunia
Farnese Atlas
Upelluri

Nota sunting

^ Hesiod, Theogony 517–520.
^ Smith. "Atlas". Dicapai pada February 26, 2013.
^
Referencing Diodorus:
- "[Atlas] perfected the science of astrology and was the first to publish to mankind the doctrine of the sphere. and it was for this reason that the idea was held that the entire heavens were supported upon the shoulders of Atlas, the myth darkly hinting in this way at his discovery and description of the sphere." Bibliotheca historica, Book III 60.2
- "Atlas was so grateful to Heracles for his kindly deed that he not only gladly gave him such assistance as his Labour called for, but he also instructed him quite freely in the knowledge of astrology. For Atlas had worked out the science of astrology to a degree surpassing others and had ingeniously discovered the spherical nature of the stars, and for that reason was generally believed to be bearing the entire firmament upon his shoulders. Similarly in the case of Heracles, when he had brought to the Greeks the doctrine of the sphere, he gained great fame, as if he had taken over the burden of the firmament which Atlas had borne, since men intimated in this enigmatic way what had actually taken place." Bibliotheca historica, Book IV 27.4-5
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Pseudo-Apollodorus2 tidak disediakan
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Asia2 tidak disediakan
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Daughter2 tidak disediakan
^ "Nautilus Cup". The Walters Art Museum.

Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Pseudo-Apollodorus" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.
Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Asia" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.
Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Mercator" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.
Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "LOTN" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.
Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Daughter" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.

Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Eusebius" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.

Rujukan sunting

Akerman, J. R. (1994). "Atlas, la genèse d'un titre". Dalam Watelet, M. (penyunting). Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas Europae. Antwerp: Bibliothèque des Amis du Fonds Mercator. m/s. 15–29.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Diodorus Siculus (1933–67). Oldfather, C. H.; Sherman, C. L.; Welles, C. B.; Geer, R. M.; Walton, F. R. (penyunting). Diodorus of Sicily : The Library of History. 12 Vols (ed. 2004). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CS1 maint: date format (link)
Gantz, T. (1993). Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4410-2. LCCN 92026010. OCLC 917033766.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Grafton, A.; Most, G. W.; Settis, S., penyunting (2010). The Classical Tradition (ed. 2013). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-07227-5. LCCN 2010019667. OCLC 957010841.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A.; Eidinow, E., penyunting (2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary (ed. 4th). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. LCCN 2012009579. OCLC 799019502.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Keuning, J. (1947). "The History of an Atlas: Mercator. Hondius". Imago Mundi. 4 (1): 37–62. doi:10.1080/03085694708591880. ISSN 0308-5694. JSTOR 1149747.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Lemprière, J. (1833). Anthon, C. (penyunting). A Classical Dictionary. New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill [etc.] LCCN 31001224. OCLC 81170896.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Ogden, D. (2008). Perseus (ed. 1st). London ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42724-1. LCCN 2007031552. OCLC 163604137.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Ogden, D. (2013). Drakon: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955732-5. LCCN 2012277527. OCLC 799069191.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Ramachandran, A. (2015). The Worldmakers: Global Imagining in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28879-6. OCLC 930260324.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Mercator, G.; Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection (Library of Congress) (2000). Karrow, R. W. (penyunting). Atlas sive Cosmographicæ Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura: Duisburg, 1595 (PDF). Diterjemahkan oleh Sullivan, D. Oakland, CA: Octavo. ISBN 978-1-891788-26-0. LCCN map55000728. OCLC 48878698. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 10 Mar 2016.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-001026-2
Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hesiod; Works and Days, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Atlas"

Pautan luar sunting

Warburg Institute Iconographic Database Diarkibkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine (c. 140 images of Atlas)

[517–520-1] Hesiod, Theogony 517–520.

[Smith-2] Smith. "Atlas". Dicapai pada February 26, 2013.

[Diodorus-3] Referencing Diodorus:
"[Atlas] perfected the science of astrology and was the first to publish to mankind the doctrine of the sphere. and it was for this reason that the idea was held that the entire heavens were supported upon the shoulders of Atlas, the myth darkly hinting in this way at his discovery and description of the sphere." Bibliotheca historica, Book III 60.2

"Atlas was so grateful to Heracles for his kindly deed that he not only gladly gave him such assistance as his Labour called for, but he also instructed him quite freely in the knowledge of astrology. For Atlas had worked out the science of astrology to a degree surpassing others and had ingeniously discovered the spherical nature of the stars, and for that reason was generally believed to be bearing the entire firmament upon his shoulders. Similarly in the case of Heracles, when he had brought to the Greeks the doctrine of the sphere, he gained great fame, as if he had taken over the burden of the firmament which Atlas had borne, since men intimated in this enigmatic way what had actually taken place." Bibliotheca historica, Book IV 27.4-5

[4] "[Atlas] perfected the science of astrology and was the first to publish to mankind the doctrine of the sphere. and it was for this reason that the idea was held that the entire heavens were supported upon the shoulders of Atlas, the myth darkly hinting in this way at his discovery and description of the sphere." Bibliotheca historica, Book III 60.2

[5] "Atlas was so grateful to Heracles for his kindly deed that he not only gladly gave him such assistance as his Labour called for, but he also instructed him quite freely in the knowledge of astrology. For Atlas had worked out the science of astrology to a degree surpassing others and had ingeniously discovered the spherical nature of the stars, and for that reason was generally believed to be bearing the entire firmament upon his shoulders. Similarly in the case of Heracles, when he had brought to the Greeks the doctrine of the sphere, he gained great fame, as if he had taken over the burden of the firmament which Atlas had borne, since men intimated in this enigmatic way what had actually taken place." Bibliotheca historica, Book IV 27.4-5

[Pseudo-Apollodorus2-4] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Pseudo-Apollodorus2 tidak disediakan

[Asia2-5] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Asia2 tidak disediakan

[Daughter2-6] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Daughter2 tidak disediakan

[7] "Nautilus Cup". The Walters Art Museum.

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[7]

Atlas
Titan daya tahan dan astronomi
Farnese Atlas, perwakilan tertua sfera samawi yang diketahui.
Tempat tinggal	Pinggir barat Gaia (Bumi)
Maklumat peribadi
Pasangan	Pleione Hesperius
Zuriat	Hesperides Hyades Pleiades Hyas Calypso Dione Maera
Ibu Bapa	Iapetus (bapa) Asia atau Klumene (ibu)
Kesetaraan Rom	Atlas