Fisiokrasi

Fisiokrasi (Perancis: physiocratiecode: fr is deprecated ; dari bahasa Yunani untuk "pemerintahan alam") ialah teori ekonomi yang dibangunkan oleh sekumpulan ahli ekonomi Zaman Pencerahan abad ke-18 yang percaya bahawa kekayaan negara berasal hanya dari nilai "pertanian tanah" atau "pembangunan tanah" dan bahawa hasil pertanian semestinya berharga tinggi.^[1] Teori mereka berasal dari Perancis dan paling popular pada separuh kedua abad ke-18. Fisiokrasi menjadi salah satu teori ekonomi pertama yang dibangunkan dengan baik.

François Quesnay (1694–1774), the marquis de Mirabeau (1715-1789) and Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1727–1781) mendominasi pergerakan itu,^[2] yang segera mendahului sekolah moden pertama, ekonomi klasik, yang dimulakan dengan penerbitan The Wealth of Nations karya Adam Smith pada 1776.

Catatan sunting

^ "physiocrat". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-04. Dicapai pada 27 October 2013.
^ Steiner (2003), pp. 61–62

Rujukan sunting

Byrd, Robert (1995). The Senate of the Roman Republic. US Government Printing Office Senate Document 103–23.
Henry William Spiegel (1983), The Growth of Economic Thought, Revised and Expanded Edition, Duke University Press
Yves Charbit; Arundhati Virmani (2002) "The Political Failure of an Economic Theory: Physiocracy", Population, Vol. 57, No. 6. (Nov. – Dec., 2002), pp. 855–83, Institut National d'Études Démographiques
"Theories of Surplus Value" from the Economic Manuscripts of 1861–1863" contained in Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 30, New York: International Publishers, 1988.
A. L. Muller (1978) Quesnay's Theory of Growth: A Comment, Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, Vol. 30, No. 1., pp. 150–56.
Steiner, Phillippe (2003) "Physiocracy and French Pre-Classical Political Economy", Chapter 5. in eds. Biddle, Jeff E, Davis, Jon B, & Samuels, Warren J.: A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
The History of Economic Thought Website,^{[pautan mati]} The New School of Social Research. 6 Feb. 2006
Tableau Économique – Modern view
A History of Economic doctrine from the time of the Physiocrats to the present day – Charles Gide and Charles Rist. 1915
Vinje, Victor Condorcet: Economics as if Soil and Health Matters(Nisus Publications, 2017)

Pautan luar sunting

The Physiocrats - In Our Time - BBC Radio 4, 2013

[1] "physiocrat". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-04. Dicapai pada 27 October 2013.

[Steiner_2003_p62-2] Steiner (2003), pp. 61–62

[1]

[2]