Franz von Papen
Franz von Papen (bahasa Jerman: [ˈfʁants fɔn ˈpaːpən] (
dengar); 29 Oktober 1879 – 2 Mei 1969) adalah seorang bangsawan Jerman, pegawai Staf Am dan ahli politik. Beliau berkhidmat sebagai Canselor Jerman pada tahun 1932 dan sebagai Naib Canselor dibawah Adolf Hitler pada tahun 1933–34. Beliau adalah ahli kumpulan penasihat rapat kepada Presiden Paul von Hindenburg pada penghujung Republik Weimar. Apabila Papen percaya yang Hitler boleh dikawal sejurus dia berada didalam kerajaan, beliau memujuk Hindenburg untuk melantik Hitler sebagai Canselor dalam sebuah kabinet yang bukan dibawah penguasaan Parti Nazi. Bagaimanapun, Papen dan sekutu-sekutunya dengan cepat dipinggirkan oleh Hitler dan beliau meninggalkan kerajaan selepas peristiwa Malam Pisau Panjang, di mana beberapa pengikutnya telah dibunuh oleh pihak Nazi.
Franz von Papen | |
|---|---|
 Franz von Papen pada 1936 | |
Canselor Jerman  Republik Weimar | |
| Dalam jawatan 1 Jun 1932 – 17 November 1932 | |
| Presiden | Paul von Hindenburg |
| Didahului oleh | Heinrich Brüning |
| Digantikan oleh | Kurt von Schleicher |
| Naib Canselor Jerman | |
| Dalam jawatan 30 Januari 1933 – 7 Ogos 1934 | |
| Canselor | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Hermann R. Dietrich |
| Digantikan oleh | Hermann Göring (1941) |
| Ketua Menteri Prusia Ke-26 (de facto) | |
| Dalam jawatan 30 Januari 1933 – 10 April 1933 | |
| Didahului oleh | Kurt von Schleicher |
| Digantikan oleh | Hermann Göring |
| Dalam jawatan 20 Julai 1932 – 3 Disember 1932 | |
| Didahului oleh | Otto Braun |
| Digantikan oleh | Kurt von Schleicher |
| Butiran peribadi | |
| Lahir | Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen zu Köningen 29 Oktober 1879 Werl, Jerman |
| Meninggal dunia | 2 Mei 1969 (umur 89) Obersasbach, Jerman Barat |
| Tempat persemadian | Wallerfangen, Jerman |
| Parti politik | Zentrum (1918–1932) Bebas (1932–1945) |
| Pasangan | Martha von Boch-Galhau (k. 1905; her d. 1961) |
| Anak-anak | Friedrich Franz Antoinette Margaretha Isabella Stefanie |
| Alma mater | Akademi Tentera Prusia |
| Profesion | Diplomat, pegawai tentera |
| Kabinet | Kabinet Hitler |
| Perkhidmatan ketenteraan | |
| Kesetiaan |  Empayar Jerman |
| Pangkat | Mejar Atase tentera |
| Pertempuran | Perang Dunia I |
Penerbitan sunting
- Appell an das deutsche Gewissen. Reden zur nationalen Revolution, Stalling, Oldenburg, 1933
- Franz von Papen Memoirs, Translated by Brian Connell, Andre Deutsch, London, 1952
- Der Wahrheit eine Gasse, Paul List Verlag, München 1952
- Europa, was nun? Betrachtungen zur Politik der Westmächte, Göttinger Verlags-Anstalt, Göttingen 1954
- Vom Scheitern einer Demokratie. 1930 – 1933, Hase und Koehler, Mainz 1968
Dalam budaya popular sunting
Franz von Papen has been portrayed by the following actors in film, television and theatrical productions;[1]
- Paul Everton in the 1918 U.S. film The Eagle's Eye
- Curt Furburg in the 1943 U.S. film Background to Danger
- Walter Kingsford in the 1944 U.S. film The Hitler Gang
- John Wengraf in the 1952 U.S. film 5 Fingers
- Peter von Zerneck in the 1973 U.S. T.V. production Portrait: A Man Whose Name Was John
- Dennis St John in the 2000 Canadian/U.S. T.V. production Nuremberg
- Erland Josephson in the 2003 Italian/British T.V. production The Good Pope: Pope John XXIII
- Robert Russell in the 2003 Canadian/U.S. T.V. production Hitler: The Rise of Evil
- Georgi Novakov in the 2006 British television docudrama Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial
Lihat juga sunting
Rujukan sunting
Nota
- ^ "Franz von Papen (Character)". IMDb.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-11-11. Dicapai pada 20 May 2008. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|month=dan|coauthors=(bantuan)
Bibliografi
- Benz, Wolfgang. A Concise History of the Third Reich. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007.
- Blandford, Edmund L. SS Intelligence: The Nazi Secret Service. Edison, NJ: Castle, 2001.
- Braatz, Werner Ernst. Franz von Papen and the Movement of Anschluss with Austria, 1934–1938: An Episode in German Diplomacy. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1953.
- Bracher, Karl Dietrich Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik; eine Studie zum Problem des Machtverfalls in der Demokratie Villingen: Schwarzwald, Ring-Verlag, 1971.
- Bracher, Karl Dietrich. The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
- Brereton, Lewis H. The Brereton Diaries: The War in the Air in the Pacific, Middle East and Europe, 3 October 1941 – 8 May 1945. New York: William Morrow, 1946.
- Dams, Carsten, and Michael Stolle. The Gestapo: Power and Terror in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York City: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0141009759.
- Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin, 2006.
- Fest, Joachim C. Hitler. Orlando, FL.: Harcourt Inc., 2002.
- Fischer, Klaus. Nazi Germany: A New History. New York: Continuum, 1995.
- Fulbrook, Mary. A Concise History of Germany. New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- Grzebyk, Patrycja. Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression. New York: Routledge, 2013.
- Hagerman, Bart. War Stories: The Men of the Airborne. Paducah, Ky.: Turner Pub. Co, 1993.
- Hildebrand, Klaus. The Third Reich. London & New York: Routledge, 1986.
- Höhne, Heinz. The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS. New York: Penguin Press, 2001.
- Jones, Larry Eugene (2005), "Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic", Central European History, 38 (2): 191–217, doi:10.1163/156916105775563670.
- Kershaw, Ian Hitler: 1889–1936: Hubris New York: Norton, 1998.
- Papen, Franz von. Memoirs. London: Andre Deutsch, 1952.
- Read, Anthony. The Devil’s Disciples: Hitler’s Inner Circle. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005.
- Schulze, Hagen. Germany: A New History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.
- Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960.
- Spielvogel, Jackson J. Hitler and Nazi Germany: A History. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004.
- Sudoplatov, Pavel. Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness—A Soviet Spymaster. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994.
- Turner, Henry Ashby Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996.
- Weinberg, Gerhard L. Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History. New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
- Weinberg, Gerhard L. Hitler’s Foreign Policy 1933–1939: The Road to World War II. New York: Enigma Books, 2005.
- Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John The Nemesis of Power: German Army in Politics, 1918 – 1945 New York: Palgrave Macmillan Publishing Company, 2005.
- Wistrich, Robert S. Who's Who in Nazi Germany. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
Bacaan lanjut
- Fest, Joachim C. and Bullock, Michael (trans.) "Franz von Papen and the Conservative Collaboration" in The Face of the Third Reich New York: Penguin, 1979 (orig. published in German in 1963), pp. 229–246. ISBN 978-0201407143.
Pautan luar sunting
| Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: Franz von Papen |
| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Franz von Papen |
- Biographical timeline
- Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen speaks in Trier about the Saarland referendum, 1934
- Papen at the Republic Day celebrations in Turkey, 1941
| Jawatan politik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh Heinrich Brüning |
Canselor Jerman 1932 |
Diikuti oleh: Kurt von Schleicher |
| Didahului oleh Otto Braun (sebagai ketua menteri) |
Reichskomissar Prusia 1932 |
Diikuti oleh: Kurt von Schleicher |
| Didahului oleh Kurt von Schleicher (sebagai Reichskomissar) |
Ketua Menteri Prusia 1933 |
Diikuti oleh: Hermann Göring |
| Didahului oleh Hermann R. Dietrich |
Naib Canselor Jerman 1933–34 |
Diikuti oleh: Hermann Göring (pada 1941) |
| Didahului oleh Kurt Rieth |
Duta Jerman ke Austria 1934-1938 |
Diikuti oleh: Carl-Hermann Mueller-Graaf (pada 1952) |
| Didahului oleh Friedrich von Keller |
Duta Jerman ke Turki 1939-1944 |
Diikuti oleh: Wilhelm Haas (pada 1952) |