Penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Itali
Penyerbuan Bersekutu terhadap Itali adalah pendaratan amfibia pihak Bersekutu ke atas tanah besar Itali yang berlaku pada 3 September 1943 pada peringkat awal Kempen Itali semasa Perang Dunia II. Operasi ini dijalankan oleh Kumpulan Tentera Darat Ke-15 Jeneral Sir Harold Alexander (mengandungi Tentera Darat Kelima AS Leftenan Jeneral Mark W. Clark dan Tentera Darat Kelapan British Jeneral Bernard Montgomery) dan mengikuti kejayaan penyerbuan Sicily. Pasukan serbuan utama mendarat sekitar Salerno pada 9 September di pantai barat dalam Operasi Avalanche, manakala dua operasi sokongan berlaku di Calabria (Operasi Baytown) dan Taranto (Operasi Slapstick).
| Penyerbuan Itali | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sebahagian daripada Kempen Itali dalam Perang Dunia II | |||||||
 Askar dan kenderaan mendarat dibawah tembakan meriam semasa menyerbu tanah besar Itali di Salerno, September 1943. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||
 United Kingdom Amerika Syarikat Kanada |
 Jerman Nazi Itali(hingga 8 September) | ||||||
| Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower Harold Alexander Bernard Montgomery Mark W. Clark |
Albert Kesselring Heinrich von Vietinghoff Hans-Valentin Hube | ||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||
| 189,000 anggota (pada 16 September) | 100,000 anggota | ||||||
| Kerugian dan korban | |||||||
|
2,009 terbunuh 7,050 cedera 3,501 hilang |
3,500 kasualti[1] (incl 630 terbunuh)[1] | ||||||
Lihat juga sunting
Rujukan sunting
- Atkinson, Rick (2007). The Day of Battle. Two. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-6289-0.
- Churchill, Winston; Langworth, Richard (2008). Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations. New York: PublicAffairs.
- Clark, Lloyd (2006). Anzio: The Friction of War - Italy and the Battle for Rome 1944. Headline Publishing Group, London. ISBN 978-0-7553-1420-1.
- D'Este, Carlo (1991). Fatal Decision: Anzio and the Battle for Rome. ISBN 0-06-092148-X.
- Fifth Army Historical Section (1990) [1944]. Salerno: American Operations From the Beaches to the Volturno 9 September - 6 October 1943. American Forces in Action Series. Washington: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 0-16-001998-2. CMH Pub 100-7. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-01-22. Dicapai pada 2017-12-13.
- Grigg, John (1982). 1943: The Victory that Never Was. Kensington Pub Corp. ISBN 0-8217-1596-8.
- Leighton, Richard M. (2000) [1960]. "Chapter 8: U.S. Merchant Shipping and the British Import Crisis". Dalam Greenfield, Kent Roberts (penyunting). Command Decisions. Washington: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-7. Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Mavrogordato, Ralph S. (2000) [1960]. "Chapter 12: Hitler's Decision on the Defense of Italy". Dalam Greenfield, Kent Roberts (penyunting). Command Decisions. Washington: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-7. Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (bantuan) - Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Davies, Major-General H.L.; Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1973]. Butler, Sir James (penyunting). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume V: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and The Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-069-6. Unknown parameter
|lastauthoramp=ignored (bantuan) - Muhm, Gerhard (1993). La Tattica tedesca nella Campagna d'Italia, in Linea Gotica avanposto dei Balcani, (Hrsg.) (dalam bahasa Italian). Roma: Amedeo Montemaggi - Edizioni Civitas.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Muhm, Gerhard. "German Tactics in the Italian Campaign". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-27. Dicapai pada 2017-12-13.
- Orgill, Douglas (1967). The Gothic Line (The Autumn Campaign in Italy 1944). London: Heinemann.
- Potter, E.B.; Nimitz, Chester W. (1960). Sea Power. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Smith, Col. Kenneth V. (c. 1990). Naples-Foggia 9 September 1943-21 January 1944. The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II Campaigns. Washington: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-17.
- Terdoslavich, William. "Nothing Goes Right in Italy", in Fawcett, Bill, ed. How to Lose WWII, pp. 156–60. New York: Harper, 2000.
Bacaan lanjut sunting
- Mavrogordato, Ralph S. (1960). "12 Hitler's Decision on the Defense of Italy". Dalam Kent Roberts Greenfield (penyunting). Command Decisions (ed. 2000 reissue). United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-7. Unknown parameter
|chapterurl=ignored (bantuan)
Pautan luar sunting
| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Itali |
- "Canada–Italy: 1943–1945". Veterans Affairs Canada. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 March 2010. Dicapai pada 17 February 2010. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - "Campaign Summaries of World War 2: Italy and the Italian Campaign 1943–1945, including Sicily, Salerno & Anzio Landings". Naval-History.net. 1998–2010. Dicapai pada 17 February 2010.
- Winter Line Stories Original stories from the front lines of the Italian Campaign by US Army Liaison Officer Major Ralph R. Hotchkiss
- Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Second World War (Italy)
- Summary of the Italian Campaign
- University of Kansas Electronic Library Bad link
- One of Many - Overview of 10 Corps operations at Salerno di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan 21 Jun 2007)
- Map of Europe during the Allied invasion of Italy (omniatlas.com)