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Raja Ireland

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Sebuah tatanegara beraja, apabila terdapat Raja Ireland, wujud di Ireland dalam tiga tempoh sejarahnya yang berakhir pada tahun 1801. Tempoh pertama wujud pada zaman kuno (sebelum 900 SM) sehingga serangan Norman apabila gelaran ini terbiar. Berikutan tempoh ini, kerajaan ini menjadi tanah feudal Takhta Suci di bawah Ketuanan Raja England. Gelaran yang lebih rendah ini kekal sehingga Parlimen Ireland menganugerahkan mahkota Ireland kepada Raja Henry VIII dari England sewaktu Reformasi Inggeris. Raja England memakai mahkota-mahkota England, Ireland, dan kemudiannya Scotland secara penyatuan peribadi.

Gelaran Raja Ireland (Ireland: Rí na hÉireann) dan Ratu (yang memerintah, regnant) Ireland digunakan dlam tempoh-tempoh ini sehingga tahun 1801 apabila Kerajaan Ireland dicantumkan ke dalam kerajaan Great Britain menjadi suatu entiti politik atau negara baharu iaitu United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Semenjak April 1949, bahagian Ireland yang masih mengekalkan sistem beraja ialah Ireland Utara (sebgai sebahagian daripada United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).

Rujukan sunting

  • Synchronismen der irischen Konige, Rudolf Thurneysen, ZCP 19, 1933, pp. 81–99
  • The Ui Brian Kingship in Telach Oc, James Hogan, in Feil-Sgrighinn Eoin Mhic Neill, pp. 406–444, ed. John Ryan, Dublin, 1938
  • Early Irish History and Mythology, T.F. O'Rahilly, 1946
  • The heir-designate in early medieval Ireland, Gearoid mac Niocaill, Irish Jurist 3 (1968), pp. 326–29.
  • The rise of the Ui Neill and the high-kingship of Ireland, Francis John Byrne, O'Donnell Lecture, 1969; published Dublin, 1970
  • Irish regnal succession – a reappraisal, Donnchadh O Corrain, Studia Hibernica 11, 1971, pp7–39
  • Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, Kenneth Nicholls, 1972
  • Ri Eirenn, Ri Alban, kingship and identity in the night and tenth centuries, Maire Herbert, in Kings clerics and chronicles in Scotland, pp. 62–72, ed. S. Taylor, Dublin, 2000
  • Irish Kings and High Kings, Francis John Byrne, 1973; 3rd reprint, Dublin, 2001
  • Dal Cais, church and dynasty, Donnachadh O Corrain, Eiru 24, 1973, pp. 1–69
  • Nationality and kingship in pre-Norman Ireland, Donnchadh O Corrain, in Nationality and the pursuit of national independence, pp. 1–35, Historical Studies 11, ed. T.W. Moody, Belfast, 1978
  • The Irish royal sites in history and archaeology, B. Wailes, CMCS 3, 1982, pp. 1–29
  • A New History of Ireland vol. ix:maps, genealogies, lists:a companion to Irish history part II., edited T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin, F.J.Byrne, Oxford, 1984
  • The archaeology of early Irish kingship, Richard B. Warner, in Power and Politics in Early Medieval Britain and Ireland, pp. 47–68, ed. S.T. Driscoll and M.R. Nieke, Edinburgh, 1988
  • From Kings to Warlords:The Changing Political Structure of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages, Katharine Simms, Dublin, 1987
  • The King as Judge in early Ireland, Marilyn Gerriets, CMCS 13 (1987), pp. 39–72.
  • High Kingship and Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus, A.T. Fear, in EtC 30 (1994), pp. 165–68.
  • Kingship, society and sacrality:rank, power and ideology in early medieval Ireland, N.B. Aitchison, in Traditio 49 (1994) pp. 45–47
  • Kings and kingship in Early Medieval Ireland, pp. 63–84, Daibhi O Croinin, 1995
  • The Kingship of Tara in Early Christian Ireland, Thomas Charles-Edwards, 1995
  • Kings over overkings. Propaganda for pre-eminence in early medieval Ireland, Bart Jaski, in The Propagation of Power in the Medieval West, ed. M. Gosman, A. Vanderjagt, J. Veenstra, pp. 163–76, Groningen, 1996
  • An inaugural ode to Hugh O'Connor (King of Connacht 1293–1309, Seam Mac Mathuna, ZCP 49–50, 1997, pp. 26–62.
  • The inauguration of Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair at Ath an Termoinn, Elizabeth FitzPatrick, Peritia 12 (1998), pp. 351–8
  • Kings, the kingship of Leinster and the regnal poems of "laidshenchas Laigen:a reflection of dynastic politics in leinster, 650–1150, Edel Bhreathnach, in Seanchas:Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis John Byrne, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2000
  • The Conntinuation of Bede, s.a. 750; high-kings, kings of Tara and Bretwaldas, T.M. Charles-Edwards, pp. 137–145, op.cit.
  • Early Irish Kingship and Succession, Bart Jaski, Dublin, 2000
  • Leinster states and kings in Christian times pp. 33–52, The Ua Maelechlainn kings of Meath, pp. 90–107, Christian kings of Connacht, pp. 177–194, Paul Walsh, in Irish Leaders and Learning Through the Ages, ed. Nollaig O Muraile, 2003
  • Finghin MacCarthaigh, king of Desmond, and the mystery of the second nunnery at Clonmacnoise, Conleth Manning, in Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100–1650, ed. David Edwards, pp. 20–26, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2004
  • Kingship in Early Ireland, Charles Doherty, in The Kingship and Landscape of Tara, pp. 3–31, ed. Edel Bhreathnach, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2005
  • Kings named in "Baile Chuinn Chechathaig" and the Airgialla Charter Poem, Ailbhe Mac Shamhrain and Paul Byrne, in op.cit., pp. 159–224.
  • High-Kings with Opposition, Maire-Therese Flannagan, in A New History of Ireland, Volume One:Pre-Historic and Early Ireland, 2008

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