The Blitz

The Blitz
	Sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia II, Perbatasan Tanahair
Tarikh	7 September 1940 – 10 May 1941
Lokasi	United Kingdom
Keputusan	Kegagalan strategik Jerman
Pihak yang terlibat
United Kingdom	Jerman
Komandan dan pemimpin
Sir Hugh Dowding; Sir Frederick Pile; Owen Tudor Boyd; Sir Leslie Gossage	Hermann Göring
Kekuatan
	Arahan Anti Pesawat; Arahan Belon
Kerugian dan korban
~43,000 orang awam mati, ~51,000 cedera	Tidak diketahui, 384 (Oktober – Disember 1940)

"London Blitz" dialihkan ke sini. Untuk pasukan bolasepak Amerika yang berpangkalan di London, lihat London Blitz (bolasepak Amerika). Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Blitz (nyahkekaburan).

The Blitz adalah satu kempen pengeboman berterusan ke atas Britain oleh Nazi Jerman di antara 7 September 1940 dan 10 Mei 1941,^[1] semasa Perang Dunia II. The Blitz menghentam banyak bandar dan kota di Britain, dengan permulaan kempen dilakukan ke atas kota London selama 76 malam berturut-turut.^[5] Menjelang akhir bulan Mei 1941, lebih dari 43,000 orang awam, separuh darinya di London, telah mati akibat pengeboman ini dan lebih dari sejuta buah rumah musnah atau rosak di London sahaja.^[6]^[7]

London bukan hanya satu-satunya kota yang dibom oleh Luftwaffe di dalam kempen ini. Pusat-pusat ketenteraan dan industri lain seperti Aberdeen, Barrow-in-Furness, Belfast, Bootle, Birkenhead, Wallasey, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Clydebank, Coventry, Exeter, Glasgow, Greenock, Sheffield, Swansea, Liverpool ,^[8] Hull (Hull merupakan bandar kedua paling teruk dibom selepas London dengan 85% dari bangunannya telah musnah atau rosak), Manchester, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Nottingham, Brighton, Eastbourne, Sunderland dan Southampton, mengalami serangan udara yang teruk dan jumlah kehilangan jiwa yang tinggi.

Serangan pengeboman kecil juga dilakukan ke atas Edinburgh, Newcastle, York, Exeter dan Bath. Oxford tidak dibom kerana Adolf Hitler ingin menjadikan ia sebagai ibu negara beliau^[9]; Blackpool juga terlepas dari pengeboman teruk kerana Hitler mahu menggunakan ia sebagai pusat hiburan beliau.^[10]^[11]

Nota sunting

^ ^a ^b Stansky 2007, p. 3
^ Hooton 1997, p. 42.
^ Haigh, Christopher (1990). The Cambridge historical encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland‎. Cambridge University Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0521395526.
^ Murray 1983, p. 55.
^
Some authorities say 57 consecutive nights, and some say 76, depending on how one accounts for 2 November, which was too cloudy for bombing.
- Docklands at War: the Blitz Museum of London
- Stansky, Peter. September 7, 1940: The first day of the London Blitz. That story and does 9/11 change how we view it? Stanford University
^ "Air Raid Precautions – Deaths and injuries". Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Dicapai pada 2010-04-30.
^ Remembering the Blitz Diarkibkan 2007-07-12 di Wayback Machine Museum of London
^ http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/blitz.asp
^ http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1717202.hitlers_oxford_plans_revealed/
^ http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/ve-day-supplement/Stan39s-war-memories.1016538.jp
^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/feb/23/hitler-blackpool-resort-plans

Rujukan sunting

Hooton, E. (1997). Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe. Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 9781854093436 Check |isbn= value: checksum (bantuan).
Levine, Joshua (5 October 2006). Forgotten Voices of the Blitz and the Battle for Britain. Ebury Press. ISBN 9780091910037.
Mitcham, Samuel W (2007). Retreat to the Reich: The German Defeat in France, 1944. Stackpole. ISBN 9780811733847.
Murray, Williamson (1983). Strategy for defeat : the Luftwaffe 1933–1945. Diane. ISBN 9781428993600.
Price, Alfred (2000). Blitz on Britain 1939–45, Sutton Publishing, ISBN 0-7509-2356-3
Ramsay, Winston The Blitz — Then & Now, Volumes 1–3, After The Battle Publications, 1987–89
Stansky, Peter (2007). The First Day of the Blitz. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300125566.
Titmuss, R. M.(1950) Problems of Social Policy (part of the Official History) Appendix 7: Weight of Bombs dropped on UK 1939–45

Pautan luar sunting

The Blitz Original reports and pictures from The Times
The Blitz: Sorting the Myth from the Reality, BBC History
Exploring 20th century London – The Blitz Diarkibkan 2012-03-27 di Wayback Machine Objects and photographs from the collections of the Museum of London, London Transport Museum, Jewish Museum and Museum of Croydon.
Liverpool Blitz Experience 24 hours in a city under fire in the Blitz.
Forgotten Voices of the Blitz and the Battle for Britain
Oral history interview with Barry Fulford, recalling his childhood during the Blitz Diarkibkan 2012-12-12 di archive.today from the Veteran's History Project at Central Connecticut State University

[Stansky-1] Stansky 2007, p. 3

[2] Hooton 1997, p. 42.

[3] Haigh, Christopher (1990). The Cambridge historical encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland‎. Cambridge University Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0521395526.

[4] Murray 1983, p. 55.

[5] Some authorities say 57 consecutive nights, and some say 76, depending on how one accounts for 2 November, which was too cloudy for bombing.
Docklands at War: the Blitz Museum of London

Stansky, Peter. September 7, 1940: The first day of the London Blitz. That story and does 9/11 change how we view it? Stanford University

[6] Docklands at War: the Blitz Museum of London

[7] Stansky, Peter. September 7, 1940: The first day of the London Blitz. That story and does 9/11 change how we view it? Stanford University

[6] "Air Raid Precautions – Deaths and injuries". Myweb.tiscali.co.uk. Dicapai pada 2010-04-30.

[7] Remembering the Blitz Diarkibkan 2007-07-12 di Wayback Machine Museum of London

[8] ttp://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/blitz.asp

[9] ttp://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1717202.hitlers_oxford_plans_revealed/

[10] ttp://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/ve-day-supplement/Stan39s-war-memories.1016538.jp

[11] ttp://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/feb/23/hitler-blackpool-resort-plans

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