Mimizuka

Mimizuka (Jepun: 耳塚, "Bonggol Telinga", kerap diterjemahkan sebagai "Makam Telinga"), perubahasan daripada asal Hanazuka (Jepun: 鼻塚, "Bonggol Hidung")^[1]^[2]^[3] ialah tugu peringatan di Kyoto, Japan, ditujukan khas kepada hidung terpotong askar dan orang awam Korea yang terbunuh^[4]^[5] serta askar-askar China Ming^[6] diambil sebagai hiasan kenang-kenangan perang semasa serangan Jepun ke atas Korea dari tahun 1592 hingga 1598. Tugu ini menyemadikan hidung terputus sekurang-kurangnya 38,000 orang Korea terbunuh semasa serangan Toyotomi Hideyoshi.^[7]^[8]^[9] Kuil ini terletak hanya barat Kuil Toyokuni, kuil Shinto yang memberi penghormatan kepada Hideyoshi di Kyoto.

Lihat juga sunting

Rujukan sunting

^ Cho, Chung-hwa (1996). Dashi ssunum imjin waeran-sa (A Revelation of the History of the Imjin War). Seoul: Hakmin-sa. According to Cho Chung-hwa, this name change was made by the government-sponsored scholar Hayashi Rasan (1583–1657) in the early years of the Tokugawa era.
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Hawley tidak disediakan
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Elisonas tidak disediakan
^ Turnbull, Stephen (2002). Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–1598. Cassell. m/s. 230. ISBN 0-304-35948-3. Motoyama Yasumasa's account does not fail to mention that many of the noses and ears interred therein were not of fighting soldiers but ordinary civilians, because `Men and women, down to newborn infants, all were wiped out, none was left alive. Their noses were sliced off and pickled in salt.'
^ See Turnbull, Stephen (2002), p. 230. In Motoyama Buzen no kami Yasumasa oyako senko oboegaki, in Zoku gunsho ruiju Series (Zoku Gunsho Ruiju Kanseikai), 1933, p. 391
^ See Turnbull, Stephen (2002), p. 222. "the Battle of Sacheon site is now marked by a massive burial mound containing the remains of more than 30,000 Ming troops killed by the Japanese and interred here without their noses, because these important trophies were to be amongst the last contributions to be lodged with Kyoto's Mimizuka."
^ Sansom, George; Sir Sansom; George Bailey (1961). A History of Japan, 1334–1615. Stanford studies in the civilizations of eastern Asia. Stanford University Press. m/s. 360. ISBN 0-8047-0525-9. Visitors to Kyoto used to be shown the Minizuka or Ear Tomb, which contained, it was said, the noses of those 38,000, sliced off, suitably pickled, and sent to Kyoto as evidence of victory.
^ Saikaku, Ihara; Gordon Schalow, Paul (1990). The Great Mirror of Male Love. Stanford Nuclear Age Series. Stanford University Press. m/s. 324. ISBN 0-8047-1895-4. The Great Mirror of Male Love. "Mimizuka, meaning "ear tomb", was the place Toyotomi Hideyoshi buried the noses taken as proof of enemy dead during his brutal invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597.
^ Kristof, Nicholas D. (September 14, 1997). "Japan, Korea and 1597: A Year That Lives in Infamy". The New York Times. New York. Dicapai pada 2008-09-22.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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Pautan luar sunting

Koordinat: 34°59′29″N 135°46′13″E / 34.991459°N 135.770333°E / 34.991459; 135.770333

[Chochunghwa-1] Cho, Chung-hwa (1996). Dashi ssunum imjin waeran-sa (A Revelation of the History of the Imjin War). Seoul: Hakmin-sa. According to Cho Chung-hwa, this name change was made by the government-sponsored scholar Hayashi Rasan (1583–1657) in the early years of the Tokugawa era.

[Hawley-2] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Hawley tidak disediakan

[Elisonas-3] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Elisonas tidak disediakan

[Turnbull-4] Turnbull, Stephen (2002). Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–1598. Cassell. m/s. 230. ISBN 0-304-35948-3. Motoyama Yasumasa's account does not fail to mention that many of the noses and ears interred therein were not of fighting soldiers but ordinary civilians, because `Men and women, down to newborn infants, all were wiped out, none was left alive. Their noses were sliced off and pickled in salt.'

[Turnbull230-5] See Turnbull, Stephen (2002), p. 230. In Motoyama Buzen no kami Yasumasa oyako senko oboegaki, in Zoku gunsho ruiju Series (Zoku Gunsho Ruiju Kanseikai), 1933, p. 391

[Turnbull222-6] See Turnbull, Stephen (2002), p. 222. "the Battle of Sacheon site is now marked by a massive burial mound containing the remains of more than 30,000 Ming troops killed by the Japanese and interred here without their noses, because these important trophies were to be amongst the last contributions to be lodged with Kyoto's Mimizuka."

[Sansom-7] Sansom, George; Sir Sansom; George Bailey (1961). A History of Japan, 1334–1615. Stanford studies in the civilizations of eastern Asia. Stanford University Press. m/s. 360. ISBN 0-8047-0525-9. Visitors to Kyoto used to be shown the Minizuka or Ear Tomb, which contained, it was said, the noses of those 38,000, sliced off, suitably pickled, and sent to Kyoto as evidence of victory.

[8] Saikaku, Ihara; Gordon Schalow, Paul (1990). The Great Mirror of Male Love. Stanford Nuclear Age Series. Stanford University Press. m/s. 324. ISBN 0-8047-1895-4. The Great Mirror of Male Love. "Mimizuka, meaning "ear tomb", was the place Toyotomi Hideyoshi buried the noses taken as proof of enemy dead during his brutal invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597.

[kristof-9] Kristof, Nicholas D. (September 14, 1997). "Japan, Korea and 1597: A Year That Lives in Infamy". The New York Times. New York. Dicapai pada 2008-09-22.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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