Negara-negara di United Kingdom
United Kingdom (UK) terdiri daripada empat buah negara: England, Scotland dan Wales (yang membentuk Great Britain) serta Ireland Utara[1][2] (dengan pelbagai gambaran sebagai sebuah negara, wilayah atau kawasan).[3][4][5]
| Negara-negara di United Kingdom نڬارا٢ د اونيتد كيڠدوم | |
|---|---|
| Kategori | Pembahagian pentadbiran |
| Lokasi | United Kingdom |
| Ditemui dalam | Bidang kuasa perundangan |
| Bilangan | 4 |
| Status yang mungkin |
|
| Status tambahan | |
| Kerajaan/pemerintah |
|
Di dalam United Kingdom, sebuah negara berdaulat kesatuan, Ireland Utara, Scotland dan Wales telah memeperoleh satu tahap autonomi melalui proses penurunan kuasa. Parlimen United Kingdom dan Kerajaan Baginda Ratu bertanggungjawab dalam semua perkara khusus untuk Ireland Utara, Scotland dan Wales, tetapi bukan dalam perkara-perkara umum yang telah diturunkan kepada Dewan Undangan Ireland Utara, Parlimen Scotland dan Perhimpunan Kebangsaan Wales. Tambahan pula, penurunan kuasa di Ireland Utara adalah bersyarat atas kerjasama Eksekutif Ireland Utara dan Pemerintah Ireland (lihat Majlis Kementerian Utara/Selatan) dan Kerajaan British berunding dengan Pemerintah Ireland untuk mencapai persetujuan mengenai beberapa perkara yang tidak diserahkan untuk Ireland Utara (lihat Persidangan Antara Kerajaan British–Ireland). England yang merangkumi majoriti jumlah penduduk dan keluasan UK,[6][7] sepenuhnya tetap menjadi tanggungjawab Parlimen UK yang berpusat di London.
Fakta utama
sunting| Nama | Bendera | Ibu negara | Badan perundangan | Sistem undang-undang | Bidang kuasa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| England | 
|
London | tiada† | Undang-undang Inggeris | England dan Wales |
| Ireland Utara |  (tidak rasmi) ‡ |
Belfast | Dewan Undangan Ireland Utara | Undang-undang Ireland Utara, Undang-undang tanah Ireland | Ireland Utara |
| Scotland | 
|
Edinburgh | Parlimen Scotland | Undang-undang Scotland | Scotland |
| Wales | 
|
Cardiff | Perhimpunan Kebangsaan Wales | Undang-undang Inggeris, Undang-undang Wales | England dan Wales |
| United Kingdom | .svg){kind=small}
|
London | Parlimen UK | Undang-undang pentadbiran UK | United Kingdom |
† Parlimen UK menggubal kesemua perundangan Inggeris.
‡ Bekas bendera Ireland Utara, Panji-panji Ulster, masih digunakan dalam beberapa konteks yang berkaitan dengan sukan.
Perangkaan
sunting| Nama | Jumlah penduduk | Keluasan | Kepadatan penduduk (per km²; 2011) |
GVA* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bil. pada 2015[8] |
(%)[7] | (km²) | (%) | (£; 2015)[9] | (%; 2015) | per kapita* (£; 2015)[9] | ||
| England | 54,786,300 | 84% | 130,279 | 54% | 406.55 | 1,433 bilion | 86% | 26,159 |
| Ireland Utara | 1,851,600 | 3% | 13,562 | 6% | 130.81 | 34 bilion | 2% | 18,584 |
| Scotland | 5,373,000 | 8% | 77,933 | 32% | 67.22 | 127 bilion | 8% | 23,685 |
| Wales | 3,099,100 | 5% | 20,735 | 9% | 147.43 | 56 bilion | 3% | 18,002 |
| United Kingdom | 65,110,000 | 100% | 242,509 | 100% | 259.16 | 1,666 bilion | 100% | 25,351 |
* Nilai tambah kasar. Angka-angka untuk GVA tidak termasuk hasil-hasil minyak dan gas yang diperoleh di luar perairan wilayah UK, di pentas benua negara.
Rujukan
suntingPetikan
sunting- ^ "The Countries of the UK" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). statistics.gov.uk. Dicapai pada 12 Julai 2015.
- ^ "Devolution Glossary". Pejabat Kabinet (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 November 2010.
"United Kingdom: Term used most frequently for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the modern sovereign state comprising England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
- ^ S. Dunn; H. Dawson (2000), An Alphabetical Listing of Word, Name and Place in Northern Ireland and the Living Language of Conflict, Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press,
One specific problem – in both general and particular senses – is to know what to call Northern Ireland itself: in the general sense, it is not a country, or a province, or a state – although some refer to it contemptuously as a statelet: the least controversial word appears to be jurisdiction, but this might change.
- ^ J. Whyte; G. FitzGerald (1991), Interpreting Northern Ireland (dalam bahasa Inggeris), Oxford: Oxford University Press,
One problem must be adverted to in writing about Northern Ireland. This is the question of what name to give to the various geographical entities. These names can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one's political preferences. ... some refer to Northern Ireland as a 'province'. That usage can arouse irritation particularly among nationalists, who claim the title 'province' should be properly reserved to the four historic provinces of Ireland-Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht. If I want to a label to apply to Northern Ireland I shall call it a 'region'. Unionists should find that title as acceptable as 'province': Northern Ireland appears as a region in the regional statistics of the United Kingdom published by the British government.
- ^ D. Murphy (1979), A Place Apart (dalam bahasa Inggeris), London: Penguin Books,
Next – what noun is appropriate to Northern Ireland? 'Province' won't do since one-third of the province is on the wrong side of the border. 'State' implies more self-determination than Northern Ireland has ever had and 'country' or 'nation' are blatantly absurd. 'Colony' has overtones that would be resented by both communities and 'statelet' sounds too patronizing, though outsiders might consider it more precise than anything else; so one is left with the unsatisfactory word 'region'.
- ^ 2011 Census – Population. According to the 2011 census, the population of England was 53,012,456, and the population of the United Kingdom was 63,181,775, therefore England comprises 84% of the UK population.
- ^ a b "Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles October 2013" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ONS. Dicapai pada 9 Ogos 2015.
According to the ONS, England has an area of 130,279 km², and the UK has an area of 242,509 km², therefore England comprises 54% of the area of the UK.
- ^ "Population estimates - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 30 Jun 2016.
- ^ a b Pejabat Perangkaan Kebangsaan. "Regional gross value added (income approach), UK: 1997 to 2015, December 2015" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 5 Mac 2017.
Sumber
sunting- Gallagher, Michael (2006). The United Kingdom Today. London: Franklin Watts. ISBN 978-0-7496-6488-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Park, Alison (2005), British Social Attitudes: The 21st Report, SAGE, ISBN 978-0-7619-4278-8CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Suruhanjaya untuk Kesamarataan Kaum (November 2005), Citizenship and Belonging: What is Britishness? (PDF), Commission for Racial Equality, ISBN 1-85442-573-0CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ward, Paul (2004), Britishness Since 1870, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-49472-1CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
