Penaklukan Islam di Afghanistan
Penaklukan Islam di Afghanistan (642–870) bermula pada pertengahan kurun ke-7[1] selepas selesainya kempen penaklukan di Parsi apabila Muslim mengalahkan Empayar Sassanid dalam Pertempuran Walaja, al-Qādisiyyah dan Nahavand.[2] Pasukan Islam kemudian bergerak ke arah timur Parsi dan menawan bandar Herat pada tahun 642.[3] Menjelang 667, kawasan Afghan diserang oleh pasukan Islam Arab tetapi pada tahun 683, Kabul memberontak dan berjaya mengundurkan tentera Islam yang diketuai oleh Gabenor Seistan. Hanya pada tahun 870, Kabul dan kawasan Afghan berjaya ditakluk oleh orang Arab.[4] Penukaran lengkap Afghanistan kepada Islam disudahkan semasa zaman Ghaznavid,pada atau kira-kira kurun ke-11.Templat:So?
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- ^ A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan (2003), by Amy Romano, pg. 18.
- ^ Islamic Conquest, Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan
- ^ Afghanistan, The 7th-18th centuries, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Ancient Indian History and Civilization, by Sailendra Nath Sen, p 347.
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- Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; published by London Trubner Company 1867–1877. (Online Copy: The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; by Sir H. M. Elliot; Edited by John Dowson; London Trubner Company 1867–1877 Diarkibkan 2007-09-29 di Wayback Machine - This online Copy has been posted by: The Packard Humanities Institute; Persian Texts in Translation; Also find other historical books: Author List and Title List Diarkibkan 2007-09-29 di Wayback Machine)
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- The Guardian: "Lost Tribe Struggles for Survival"
- Press Trust of India :"Inscription throws new light to Hindu rule in Afghanistan Diarkibkan 2007-02-05 di Wayback Machine"
- Association for the protection of Afghan Archeology