Wikipedia

Pengguna:BukanTeamBiasa/Kotak pasir/Sydney Grammar School

< Pengguna:BukanTeamBiasa

Templat:Use Australian English

Sydney Grammar School
Lokasi
Ralat Lua pada baris 425 di Modul:Location_map: No value was provided for longitude.
Darlinghurst, Edgecliff and St Ives, Sydney, New South Wales
Australia
Koordinat33°52′29″S 151°12′47″E / 33.87472°S 151.21306°E / -33.87472; 151.21306Koordinat: 33°52′29″S 151°12′47″E / 33.87472°S 151.21306°E / -33.87472; 151.21306
Maklumat
JenisIndependent, day school
MotoLatin: Laus Deo
(Praise be to God)
Afiliasi agamaNone
Ditubuhkan1857; 167 tahun yang lalu (1857)[1]
PengasasLaurence Hynes Halloran
PengerusiDavid Kirk MBE[2]
Guru besarR. B. Malpass
Kakitangan63 (Darlinghurst),[3]
15 (Edgecliff),[3]
21 (St Ives)[3]
Tenaga pengajar153 (Darlinghurst),[3]
52 (Edgecliff),[3]
47 (St Ives)[3]
JantinaBoys
Kemasukan1,152 (Darlinghurst),[3]
306 (Edgecliff),[3]
413 (St Ives)[3] (2011)
WarnaBlack and gold
OlahragaAAGPS
Former pupilsOld Sydneians
School songCarmen Sydneiense
Laman sesawangsydgram.nsw.edu.au

Sydney Grammar School (SGS, colloquially as Grammar)[4] is an independent, fee-paying, non-denominational, day school for boys, located in Darlinghurst, Edgecliff and St Ives, which are all suburbs of Sydney, Australia.

Incorporated in 1854 by Act of Parliament[5] and opened in 1857, the school claims to offer a "classical" or "grammar" school education thought of as liberal, humane, pre-vocational pedagogy.[4]

As of 2006, Sydney Grammar School had an enrolment of approximately 1,841 students from kindergarten to Year 12, over three campuses.[6] The two preparatory schools (K to 6), are located at Edgecliff in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs,[7] and St Ives, on the Upper North Shore.[8] The historic College Street campus caters for students from Forms I to VI (Years 7–12), and is in Darlinghurst, close to the Sydney central business district.[7]

The school is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA),[9] the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA),[10] the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference,[11] and is a founding member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales (AAGPS).[12]

Sydney Grammar School is regarded as 'Australia's best private school' for its academic results,[13] co-curricular activities,[14][15] and alumni. Of all Australian schools, Sydney Grammar School has educated the highest number of Australian Prime Ministers,[16] Rhodes Scholars,[17][18][19] and Justices of the High Court (Australia's highest court).[20] The school is also highly regarded for its 'liberal, humane, pre-vocational pedagogy'.

As of 2019, it ranked the 3rd most expensive school in Australia with an average annual school fee of $36,615 per student.[21]

History sunting

Foundation sunting

Fail:SGSCigcard.jpg
Collectable Cigarette card featuring the Grammar colours and crest, c. 1910s

The Sydney Public Free Grammar School opened in 1825 with Laurence Hynes Halloran, born County Meath, Ireland (1765–1831) as Head Master. Halloran had operated a private school in Exeter, England, but fled England in 1796 due to debts and after being accused of immorality. It subsequently emerged that his degrees (in divinity) were self-awarded. He eventually returned to Britain but was arrested for forgery and transported to the penal colony of New South Wales, arriving there in 1819. He was immediately granted a ticket-of-leave.

In 1830, Sydney College was founded. Sir Francis Forbes, Chief Justice of New South Wales, became president of the college[22] and laid the foundation stone of the present building in College Street on 26 January 1830. In 1835, Sydney College opened in this building with W.T. Cape as Head Master. In 1842 he resigned and was succeeded by T.H. Braim. In 1850 Sydney College was closed.

In 1854, Sydney Grammar School (SGS) was incorporated by an Act of Parliament[5] and acquired the land and building in College Street which had been temporarily occupied by the newly founded University of Sydney in 1852. It was opened on 3 August 1857, specifically as a feeder school for the university.

The preamble of the Sydney Grammar School Act 1854 states that:

It is deemed expedient for the better advancement of religion and morality and the promotion of useful knowledge to establish in Sydney a public school for conferring on all classes and denominations of Her Majesty’s subjects resident in the Colony of New South Wales without any distinction whatsoever the advantages of a regular and liberal course of education.[23]

The act provides that the trustees of the school shall consist of twelve persons, of whom six shall be persons holding the following offices respectively:

The act also provides that the Governor of New South Wales shall be the official visitor of the school.

Site history sunting

 
Hyde Park with Sydney Grammar School (at that time Sydney College) in the distance, 1842

Sydney Grammar School is the oldest school still in use in the City of Sydney, and is also historically significant as the site on which the University of Sydney began. The school also holds scientific significance as containing examples of early building materials and techniques in pre-Federation Australia.[24]

The site was founded as The Sydney College in 1830, and the following year began operations in a new building in Hyde Park designed by Edward Hallen. It consisted of a single large room (now known as "Big School") with basement rooms beneath. Sydney College continued despite financial difficulties until 1853, when it was taken over by the fledgling University of Sydney until such time as the present Grose Farm site was ready for occupation. The site was then sold in 1856 to the trustees of the newly incorporated Sydney Grammar School, which had been established and endowed with a building fund by Act of Parliament. Edmund Blacket was commissioned to design extensions to the south and north of the Hallen building (now the North and South Blacket rooms), which were completed in 1856 and 1857 respectively. The "Big School" building became central to the Colonial Architect, James Barnet's vision for the cultural focus of Sydney Town.[25]

 
'Big School'
 
Sydney Grammar School at night

The War Memorial wing, named for its position behind Big School's monument to the Great War, was built at the northern end of Big School in 1953 by the Scott brothers, at the cost of its double staircase. In 1876, the main building was extended to the east by Mansfield Brothers, and this extension was itself extended to the north and south in 1899 by John W Manson. The Science classrooms on Stanley Street were built in 1889–90. Other early buildings on the site, now demolished, included the Sergeant's Lodge, an ablutions block (known as the "White House") on Stanley Street, and a former postal sorting office on Yurong Street (now the Palladium building).

Today sunting

Sydney Grammar is a private school.[26] Each year up to 26 full scholarships are offered to boys who show academic promise and who perform well in the scholarship examination. It is also regarded for its strong academic results: for example, in national government testing ('NAPLAN' testing), it is the best performing private school nationwide,[27] and a top performer in the New South Wales Higher School Certificate where the median ATAR ('Australian Tertiary Admissions Ranking') of the school's students is around 98 (SAT equivalent: 2180/2400 or 1510/1600).[28][29][30]

Tuition is A$36,615 per year (for Forms I – VI, non-boarding) which is payable in three instalments of $12,205 at the beginning of Terms I, II and III.[31]

Sydney Grammar is located near the Sydney central business district. The campus is compact and consists of multi-storey buildings (of up to eight floors) in a concrete landscape setting. Sydney Grammar is situated on the eastern side of Sydney's Hyde Park, next to the Australian Museum, and extends from College Street to Yurong Street. The designs of the school's buildings illustrate many different architectural eras: "Big School" (dating from the early 19th century colonial era), the Blacket buildings (annexed onto either side of "Big School" and completed in the 1850s), the original Science building (1891), the Science laboratory block (1960s), the Palladium building (an example of 1970s Modernist architecture), the Stanley Street building and Alastair Mackerras Theatre (1980s), and the A. B. 'Banjo' Paterson Library (1990s).

Weigall, the school's sportsground (named after former Headmaster Albert Bythesea Weigall), is located at Rushcutters Bay next to the Edgecliff Preparatory School and includes tennis courts, cricket nets and three fields for cricket, rugby and football. It is routinely used for Saturday sports matches, physical education and as a recreational area for Grammar's Edgecliff Preparatory School next door. There is also a large gymnasium at College Street and full rowing facilities at the school's boatshed at Gladesville.

In May 2005, Headmaster John Vallance announced that the school would lead a consortium to purchase 30 Alma St Paddington, known as White City, from Tennis New South Wales, thus extending the Weigall grounds substantially.[32] In 2006, development applications to subdivide the White City tennis courts (numbered DA 20/2006 and DA 302/2006) were lodged with Woollahra Council to develop the site to accommodate more tennis and basketball courts; these were subsequently passed.

On 14 June 2008 the new field now known as Weigall 4 was opened with a range of guests including Frank Lowy, president of Football Federation Australia.

In 2009, the school began the construction of a new, underground multi-purpose hall featuring a seating capacity of over 1500 seats, now called the John Vallance Hall (formerly The New Hall from its opening until 2017).[33] Completed in August 2011, it was primarily designed to accommodate the entirety of the current students and teaching staff under one roof while being acoustically sound for orchestral performances. Notably the hall is unique as it has been built beneath the playground and is substantially subterranean as a result. Much of the naturally occurring Sydney sandstone has been left in place which adds to the aesthetic and acoustic value of the space. The hall was officially opened by the headmaster on 18 August 2011 with a substantive celebratory concert featuring performances from a large number of Grammar boys past and present. The John Vallance Hall is now used by the two preparatory schools as well.

Headmasters sunting

The current headmaster of Sydney Grammar School is Richard Malpass, who replaced John Vallance when he resigned on 7 April 2017.

Years Sydney College
1825–1827 Laurence Hynes Halloran
1835–1841 William Timothy Cape
1841–1846 Thomas Henry Braim, MA
1847–1849 David Patterson
1850 Charles Woodward, LLB
Years Sydney Grammar School
1857–1866 William John Stephens, MA
1867–1912 Albert Bythesea Weigall, CMG, MA
1913–1920 Henry Newman Penrose Sloman, MC, MA
1920–1923 Arthur Henry Shakespeare Lucas, MA, BSc
1923–1939 Herbert Stanley Dettmann, MA, BCL
1940–1950 Frederick George [Sandy] Phillips, MA
1951–1964 Colin Oswald Healey, OBE, TD, MA
1965–1968 Samuel Peter Truman Houldsworth, MA, DipEd
1969–1989 Alastair MacLaurin Mackerras, AO, MA
1989–1999 Ralph Douglas Townsend, MA, D.Phil.
1999–2017[34] John Taber Vallance, MA, PhD
2017 – current Richard Malpass, BA, DipEd, PhD

Structure sunting

Sydney Grammar has a total enrolment of approximately 1,833 boys across Years K–12.[35] In Term Three of 2006, the main high School campus had an enrolment of 1,109 boys in Forms I–VI (Years 7–12). The main high school is divided into the Lower School (First Form) and the Upper School (Second through Sixth Forms). There are also two Preparatory Schools, one at St. Ives in the Northern Suburbs (440 boys) and the other at Edgecliff in the Eastern Suburbs (304 boys). Each year, approximately two-thirds of the incoming Form I at College Street are from the two Preparatory Schools, while the rest are drawn from schools in Sydney, from interstate and overseas.

Curriculum sunting

Sydney Grammar offers a liberal, pre-vocational type education, and this is reflected in its academic structure and subject choices. Every student must study Latin in 'First Form' or 7th Grade. The academic departments are:

Subjects offered for the Higher School Certificate (HSC) include English Advanced, English Extension 1, English Extension 2, Mathematics, Mathematics Extension 1, Mathematics Extension 2, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Earth and Environmental Science, Geography, Modern History, Ancient History, History Extension, Economics, Latin, Latin Extension, Classical Greek, Classical Greek Extension, French Continuers, French Extension, Italian Continuers, Italian Extension, German Continuers, German Extension, Chinese Continuers, Chinese Extension, Japanese Beginners, Music 1, Music 2, Music Extension, Visual Art, Drama, PDHPE, Design and Technology and Studies of Religion. Sanskrit and Special Academic Courses are offered as non-HSC subjects. The Special Academic courses previously included a Form V (Year 11) course in extension chemistry and physics and a Form VI (Year 12) course in lagrangian dynamics and quantum mechanics; they are currently centred around 19th Century Russian literature, with a focus on the works of Pushkin and Dostoevsky, with a smaller study of Chekhov and Nikolai Gogol.

Co-curriculum sunting

Profile sunting

In Australia, Sydney Grammar's program has by far Australia's strongest extra-curriculum program and its program is critically acclaimed at both the national and international level.

Sydney Grammar is known for its wide range of sports, clubs, and activities for all types of individuals; it encourages intellectual curiosity and participation in a non-competitive environment so students grow at their own pace.

Ironically, this focus also serves it well in less important competitive settings.

In addition to sport, drama, and many clubs and societies, some examples include being:

  • Currently, Sydney Grammar is the only school worldwide to have Gold Medals in all of the following: the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO),[36] International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI),[37] the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO),[38] the World Schools Debating Championships (WSDC),[39] and the World Junior Rowing Championships.[40]


  • International Science Olympiads (Mathematics - IMO, Chemistry - IChO, Physics - IPhO, Informatics - IOI) and Extracurricular Science Research:
    • The School has won over 60 International Science Olympiad Medals, including 5 Gold Medals (2 in Mathematics), 20+ Silver Medals (10 in Mathematics) and 30+ Bronze Medals.[41] [42] On average, 2-3 Grammar students represent Australia at the International Science Olympiads every year. Many graduates have attended Harvard, MIT, Yale, Princeton, Oxford, and Cambridge (including a 'Senior Wrangler').[43]
    • The school supports cutting edge extracurricular science research. For instance, its variety of programmes also attracted worldwide attention in 2016 when Year 11 students performed the synthesis of medication pyrimethamine (sold as Daraprim) due its relation to Turing Pharmaceuticals and CEO Martin Shkreli.[28]


  • Debating and Oratory:
    • No. 1 School worldwide at High School Level. In the World Schools Debating Championships (WSDC), Australia is ranked No. 1 worldwide (with 9 wins) and Sydney Grammar has the most Australian World Schools Debating Representatives and National Australian Debating Champions out of all schools in Australia.[44][45] In 4 of the last 7 years, a Sydney Grammar School student has captained the Australian team at the World Schools Debating Championships.[46]
    • No. 1 School worldwide at University Level. In the World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC), Sydney Grammar School has the most champions out of all schools worldwide (at 7).[47]


  • Sport:
    • No. 1 School in Australia in Olympic Games medallists. Sydney Grammar alumni include 4 Olympic Gold Medals and 12 Olympic Medallists (the most in Australia).[48]
    • More recently, in the Harvard University Rowing Team, for 4 years straight from 2013 to 2016, Sydney Grammar had the most rowers of all high schools globally (i.e. even more than all prestigious US and UK schools like Eton College and Phillips Exeter Academy) including 2 members in Harvard’s top crew (Heavyweight First Varsity Eight).[49][50][51]
    • Sydney Grammar competes in the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of NSW (AAGPS), the strongest sport and most competitive school sport association in Australia.[52]


  • Music:
    • No. 1 in Australia for music. Sydney Grammar School Music has won the national AMEB Schools Shield (Australian Music Examinations Board) the most times out of all schools in Australia (23 times in last 25 years).[53] Recent graduates have won the Top Musicianship Prizes at Yale University,[54][55] First Place at the Princeton University Orchestra Concerto Competition,[56] Fulbright and Gates Scholarships for studying music,[57][58] and places in prestigious international orchestras.[59]


  • Classics and Modern Languages:
    • No. 1 in Australia for Classics. Sydney Grammar School has the strongest and biggest Classics Faculty of all schools in Australia, with the strongest academic results. The School teaches Latin, Classical Greek, and Sanskrit. Latin is compulsory at Sydney Grammar for every student in First Form (7th Grade). Sydney Grammar School is one of the few schools worldwide (like Eton College) that makes Latin a compulsory subject for all students. In the New South Wales (Australia’s most competitive state academically) Higher School Certificate, a Sydney Grammar School student has come first statewide in Latin 11 times and Classical Greek 15 times in the last 20 years alone.[60]
    • No. 1 in Australia for Modern Languages. Sydney Grammar offers: Latin, Classical Greek, Sanskrit, Japanese, Mandarin, French, Italian, German. Sydney Grammar is Australia’s strongest language school in its offering, results, and size of faculty. [61]


  • Chess:
    • Sydney Grammar School Chess has won the Australian Schools Team Chess Championships three times since its inception, ranking in the top four schools of Australia.[62]


Music sunting

SGS has won the AMEB Music Shield twenty-three times in the past twenty-five years.[53] Two-thirds of pupils in the school play a musical instrument or are involved with music in some way. SGS boasts scores of musical groups in mostly classical, chamber and jazz styles. The School Orchestra has received wide acclaim and frequently engages in both national and international tours. Grammar's choir program involves hundreds of students, old boys, and parents, participating in its many annual concerts. The school's senior a cappella group is known as The Grammarphones and is composed of the best tenors, basses and baritones in the senior years. The school's senior big band, the Sydney Grammar School Big Band, is a regular feature at the Manly Jazz Festival.

SGS embarked on a five-year program entitled "Bach: 2010", in which all the known choral cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach were performed in a series of concerts between 2005 and 2010.[63] Sydney Grammar is one of the few institutions in the world that has engaged in such an exercise and was aided by the Mander organ in the Big School.[64] A performance has been held every year since by head of practical music studies, Robert Wagner, on the Bach's birthday.[65]

Under the current Head Master, an organic rock-&-roll movement has emerged and is currently thriving. The end of 2004 saw the consummation of years of practice in the first Grammarpalooza rock concert, which included the musical style of Old Boy band, Dappled Cities Fly.

Sport sunting

 
Head of the River crew, 1934

Sydney Grammar School is a member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of NSW (GPS). The NSW 'GPS' is Australia's oldest and strongest school sporting association. GPS sporting events are contested in rugby union, football, cricket, tennis, volleyball, cross country, basketball, rowing, swimming, athletics, rifle shooting, and debating.[66][67] The school also competes in fencing and chess[68] competitions.

Grammar participates in the annual Tri-Grammar competitions, a series of cricket competitions between the Firsts teams of Sydney Grammar School, Melbourne Grammar School and Brisbane Grammar School. Sydney and Melbourne Grammar School also compete for "The Bat" in the same competition. The Sydney–Melbourne match dates back to 1876, and in 1976, to mark the centenary of this rivalry, a "Bat" was struck, with the winner of the annual match taking possession. The bat was donated by John Crawford, the father of the captain of the 1976 premiership winning side Andrew Crawford.

Grammar was the first Sydney school to take to the water in 1878 at a time when there were only a handful of senior rowing clubs in existence on Sydney Harbour and its reaches.[69] Competition in rowing culminates in the Riverview Gold Cup for Junior Crews and the Head of the River for Senior Crews. Grammar's boatshed is on the Parramatta River at Gladesville.

On 2 April 2011, the Sydney Grammar School first eight won the Major Rennie Trophy at the AAGPS Head of the River.[70] The win was significant for Grammar as it heralded the return of the trophy to the school for the first time in more than thirty years (the previous three wins being in 1978, 1955 and 1940). Many rowers have gone on to attend universities like Harvard University, and row in Varsity Crews.[71] For instance, in the 2014–2015 Harvard University rowing roster, Sydney Grammar had the most rowers out of any high school globally (i.e. more than schools like Phillips Academy and Eton College) and two Sydney Grammar rowers were in Harvard's top crew (First Varsity Eight).[72]

Academic extension sunting

The school operates academic extension programmes in both sciences and humanities, which includes olympiad programmes and hosting visiting scholars who spend time teaching and giving a public lecture. Notable scholars have included metaethicist Simon Blackburn, science and medical historian Sir Geoffrey Lloyd, zoologist Andrew Parker, astronomer and 1999 Young Australian of the Year Bryan Gaensler, historian Sir Christopher Clark, professor of English Dame Marina Warner, professor of Greek Richard Hunter, and composer Robin Holloway.[73]

 
Pyrimethamine structure

As part of an academic extension activity, a group of year 11 students attempted to prepare the medication pyrimethamine (sold as Daraprim) in 2016. Pyrimethamine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system, for both adults[74] and children.[75] It is used to treat toxoplasmosis,[76] cystoisosporiasis, and malaria (in combination with sulfadoxine).[77] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[78] It received significant attention when its manufacturer in the United States was acquired by Turing Pharmaceuticals, and its CEO Martin Shkreli decided to increase the price from US$13.50 to US$750 a dose.[79][80] Hence, a group of year 11 students from Grammar, supported by Matthew H. Todd from the University of Sydney and the Open Source Malaria consortium, have prepared pyrimethamine.[81] The students started with 17 g of (4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile (which is available from Sigma-Aldrich for $36.50 per 100 g) and prepared 3.7 g of pyrimethamine, which is about US$110,000 at Turing's prices.[82]

Their work has attracted attention from around the world, being reported in The Independent,[83] the Daily Telegraph,[84] and BBC News[85] in the United Kingdom, the Washington Post,[86] New York Daily News,[87] and U.S. News & World Report[88] in the United States, among others.[89] By replacing expensive chemicals with alternatives available in a high school laboratory, they demonstrated that the synthesis can be carried out fairly simply and safely, and at a cost of approximately $2 per dose[90] (US$1.48[91]). Business magazine Forbes described the work as figuratively "punch[ing] Martin Shkreli in the face" and as raising questions about pharmaceutical companies which do not do substantial amounts of research.[91] Unfortunately, as a consequence of the closed distribution model which Turing employs in the United States, any competing company seeking to market a generic alternative to Daraprim (including using the approach the boys developed with their teacher) would need to compare their product with a sample of Daraprim provided directly by Turing; if Turing refuses to provide that sample, the competitor would need to undertake a complete new clinical trial,[84] which creates a prohibitive barrier to entering the market. The boys are quoted making comments highly critical of Shkreli's and Turing's behaviour,[81][85][90] and have been applauded on social media with comments that their work highlight's Shkreli's greed, though he has minimised their achievement.[86] Shkreli subsequently posted a video about the achievement, declaring his "delight" about students entering the STEM field, describing them as "proof that the 21st century economy will solve problems of human suffering through science and technology", and stating that "[w]e should congratulate these students for their interest in chemistry and all be excited about what is to come in the STEM-focused 21st century."[92] The students presented their work at the Royal Australian Chemical Institute's NSW Organic Chemistry symposium alongside students at fourth-year undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as postdoctoral researchers.[82]

Extra-curricular sunting

The school has numerous clubs and societies for students. Notable examples include:

A number of boys also assist in editing the school's yearly almanac, The Sydneian,[93] over 400 editions of which have been produced since 1875.

Overseas tours sunting

The school offers its students the opportunity to attend various overseas tours for educational and cultural exchanges. The school has partnerships with some of the top schools around the world in cities such as Paris, Shanghai and Florence which students can visit for a period of between 3 and 12 weeks as a supplement for their linguistic studies; in addition to the time spent at the school, the boys also get the opportunity to travel around the respective countries on a cultural trip, accompanied by teachers. There are also frequent sporting tours overseas such as in Brazil for football, England for rugby and Japan for volleyball where the students can participate in matches against foreign teams and sometimes even train with and watch professional sports teams play. The school also offers tours for science, geography and history to areas such as the Galapagos to study evolution or to the Kokoda Track to follow in the footsteps of the ANZACs.

Notable alumni sunting

Fail:OldSydneians.jpg
Old Sydneians' Union Logo
Rencana utama: List of Old Sydneians

Alumnus of Sydney Grammar School are commonly referred to as Old Boys or Old Sydneians,[96] and may elect to join the schools alumni association, the Old Sydneians' Union (OSU).[97][98]

Grammar is notable for having educated the highest number of Australian Prime Ministers, Rhodes Scholars,[99][100][101] and High Court judges (Australia's highest court) out of any school in the country. Its alumni also includes influential figures in business, international sport, science and medicine, and the performing arts, like David Gonski (leading Australian philanthropist, chairman of the Future Fund, chancellor of the New South Wales) and Rowan Gillies (former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières).

Notable alumni also include Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia (1901–1903),[102] Sir William McMahon, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (1971–1972),[103] Malcolm Turnbull, 29th Prime Minister of Australia (2015–2018),[104] Bruce Gyngell, first person to appear on Australian television,[105] Andrew "Boy" Charlton, an Olympic gold medallist swimmer,[106] and also Banjo Paterson – bush poet and balladist, and author of "The Man From Snowy River" and "Waltzing Matilda," and who now has the school library named after him.

References sunting

  1. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". New South Wales. School Choice. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 Ogos 2010. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  2. ^ "Grammar Newsletter, 16 February 2011" (PDF). Sydney Grammar School. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 8 April 2011. Dicapai pada 10 Mei 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "My School". NSW Government. NSW Government. 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 April 2011. Dicapai pada 31 Mac 2011.
  4. ^ a b Vallance, J.T. (2007). "Headmaster's Introduction". College St. Sydney Grammar School. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 Oktober 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007. If you think you might like to come to Grammar
  5. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School Act 1854". New South Wales Consolidated Acts. AustLII. 10 Mei 1995. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 November 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  6. ^ "2006 Annual Report" (PDF). Annual Reports. Sydney Grammar School. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 29 Ogos 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  7. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School". Directory. Sydney's Child. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 Oktober 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  8. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Participating schools. North Shore independent schools. 10 Mei 1995. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 September 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  9. ^ "AHISA Schools". New South Wales. Association of Heads of independent schools of Australia. April 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 Ogos 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  10. ^ "JSHAA New South Wales Directory of Members". New South Wales Branch. Junior School Heads' Association of Australia. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 Januari 2008. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  11. ^ "HMC Schools: International Members". HMC Schools. Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 Mac 2008. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  12. ^ "AAGPS History". Info. Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 Mei 2008. Dicapai pada 11 Oktober 2007.
  13. ^ "Sydney Grammar academic results: best private school in Australia in National Government student 'NAPLAN' Testing". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 Februari 2019. Dicapai pada 17 Disember 2018.
  14. ^ "Grammar as Australia's strongest music school: On page 17, Sydney Grammar wins National AMEB Music Shield 23 times in 25 years". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 Mac 2019. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  15. ^ "Grammar as Australia's strongest debating school: Most Australian National Debating Champions/Worlds Debating Representatives". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 Ogos 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  16. ^ "List of Australian Prime Ministers by Education".
  17. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 26th Rhode Scholar in 2005". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 Mac 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  18. ^ "University of Sydney, Sydney Grammar School 27th Rhode Scholar in 2006".
  19. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 28th Rhode Scholar in 2013". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 Ogos 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  20. ^ "High Court of Australia - Grammar alumni".
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 November 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Januari 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ Latin Language Inscriptions in Sydney Diarkibkan 27 Ogos 2017 di Wayback Machine, australiaforvisitors.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  23. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Act 1854 (Private Act)". NSW legislation. Parliamentary Counsel's Office. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 Mei 2009. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  24. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School". Sydney Architecture Images- Central Business District. Sydney Architecture. 2004. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 Julai 2008. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  25. ^ "History". SGS Archives. Sydney Grammar School. 2003. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 Mac 2008. Dicapai pada 12 Mac 2008.
  26. ^ Patty, Anna (30 Julai 2007). "Lessons in choice". News and Features. Sydney: The Sydney Morning Herald. m/s. 14. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 Mei 2011. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  27. ^ "Sydney Grammar School, Only private school in top 10 NAPLAN schools". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 Februari 2019. Dicapai pada 17 Disember 2018.
  28. ^ a b Zhang, Dr Fred. "SAT Score Percentiles (High-Precision Version)". blog.prepscholar.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  29. ^ "Sydney Grammar Academic Results". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 Disember 2018. Dicapai pada 18 Disember 2018.
  30. ^ Doherty, Linda; Norrie, Justin; Burke, Kelly (17 Disember 2005). "State school blitz of top HSC spots". The Sydney Morning Herald. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 Jun 2007. Dicapai pada 11 September 2007.
  31. ^ "Fees". Enrolment. Sydney Grammar School. 2015. Dicapai pada 17 Mei 2019.
  32. ^ Dick, Tim (24 Mei 2005). "Match point in tennis centre sale". The Sydney Morning Herald. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 Januari 2008. Dicapai pada 11 September 2007.
  33. ^ "Our largest building project?" (PDF). Foundations. November 2009. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 30 September 2011. Dicapai pada 15 Ogos 2011.
  34. ^ https://sslcam.news.com.au/cam/authorise?channel=pc&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2fnational-affairs%2feducation%2fsydney-grammar-school-headmaster-john-vallance-resigns%2fnews-story%2fc0fd64ccb0a58097974ca778a7df2924
  35. ^ "2006 Annual Report" (PDF). Annual Reports. Sydney Grammar School. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 29 Ogos 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  36. ^ "International Mathematical Olympiad". www.imo-official.org. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  37. ^ "Richard Gong". stats.ioinformatics.org. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  38. ^ "Aussie student wins gold at International Physics Olympiad". SBS News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  39. ^ "History | James Stratton, WSDC 2013 Winner". www.nswdu.com. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  40. ^ "Great Scot". www.scotch.vic.edu.au. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  41. ^ "AMT History - A2 IMO Students". sites.google.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  42. ^ "Australia Science Innovations » Honour Roll". www.asi.edu.au. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  43. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Magazine June 2012, see page 3". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 Mac 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  44. ^ "History". www.nswdu.com. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  45. ^ "World Schools Debating Championships", Wikipedia (dalam bahasa Inggeris), 24 Mac 2020, dicapai pada 14 April 2020
  46. ^ "History". www.nswdu.com. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  47. ^ "World Universities Debating Championship", Wikipedia (dalam bahasa Inggeris), 8 April 2020, dicapai pada 14 April 2020. E.g. David Celermajer (1984), Andrew Bell (1989), James Hooke, Jeremy Phillips (1992), Nick Chung (2015), Bostan Nurlanov, Kevin Lee (2019)
  48. ^ "List of Old Sydneians", Wikipedia (dalam bahasa Inggeris), 4 April 2020, dicapai pada 14 April 2020
  49. ^ "2015-16 Harvard Men's Heavyweight Crew Roster". Harvard (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  50. ^ "2014-15 Harvard Men's Heavyweight Crew Roster". Harvard (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  51. ^ "2013-14 Varsity Roster". Harvard (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  52. ^ "Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales", Wikipedia (dalam bahasa Inggeris), 12 Januari 2020, dicapai pada 14 April 2020
  53. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School Magazine". Winter 2018. m/s. 17. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 Mac 2019. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  54. ^ "Bach Society Prize | Department of Music, 2016 Prize Phil Jameson". yalemusic.yale.edu. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  55. ^ "Abraham Beekman Cox Prize | Department of Music, 2015 Prize Phil Jameson". yalemusic.yale.edu. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  56. ^ News, Community (5 Mac 2014). "Princeton University Orchestra to perform with Barbara Rearick | 2014 winner Nicholas Stead". Community News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  57. ^ "Profile". Gates Cambridge (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  58. ^ "New York Piano Society". www.facebook.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  59. ^ "Mendelssohn-Orchesterakademie". Gewandhaus Leipzig (dalam bahasa Jerman). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  60. ^ NSW, Board of Studies Teaching and Educational Standards. "Top Achievers in Course Lists – Board of Studies Teaching and Educational Standards NSW". www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  61. ^ NSW, Board of Studies Teaching and Educational Standards. "Top Achievers in Course Lists – Board of Studies Teaching and Educational Standards NSW". www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  62. ^ "Australian Schools Teams Championships". www.nswjcl.org.au. Dicapai pada 14 April 2020.
  63. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Conference Program – Sydney. Organ Historical Trust of Australia. 2005. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 Mac 2008. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  64. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Portfolio. Mander Organs. 2003. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 September 2007. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  65. ^ "Bach's 330th birthday organ concert - Robert Wagner @ Sydney Grammar". Meetup. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 Februari 2018. Dicapai pada 9 Februari 2018.
  66. ^ "Sport". Sydney Grammar School. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 Mei 2011. Dicapai pada 10 Mei 2011.
  67. ^ "Debating". Sydney Grammar School. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 Mei 2011. Dicapai pada 10 Mei 2011.
  68. ^ "Chess". Sydney Grammar School. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 Mei 2011. Dicapai pada 10 Mei 2011.
  69. ^ http://www.rowinghistory-aus.info/club-histories/sydney/03-1.php Diarkibkan 11 Oktober 2006 di Wayback Machine Early rowing clubs
  70. ^ "AAGPS Head of the River Results 2011" (PDF). 2010 – 2011 Regatta Calendar. Rowing NSW. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 8 April 2011. Dicapai pada 7 Mei 2011.
  71. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Magazine June 2012, see page 3". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 Mac 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  72. ^ "Harvard University Heavyweight Roster 2014–2015". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 Disember 2018. Dicapai pada 7 Disember 2018.
  73. ^ Academic Extension, Sydney Grammar School, 2016
  74. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF) (ed. 19th). World Health Organization. November 2015. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 13 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  75. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (PDF) (ed. 5th). World Health Organization. Ogos 2015. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 17 Mac 2017. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  76. ^ Hamilton, Richard J. (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. m/s. 63. ISBN 9781284095289.
  77. ^ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (8 Februari 2016). "Pyrimethamine". Drugs.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 2 Disember 2016.
  78. ^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. Oktober 2013. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 23 April 2014. Dicapai pada 22 April 2014.
  79. ^ Pollack, Andrew (20 September 2015). "Drug Goes From $13.50 a Tablet to $750, Overnight". The New York Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 Disember 2015. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  80. ^ Mullin, Emily (21 Disember 2015). "Turing Pharma Says Daraprim Availability Will Be Unaffected By Shkreli Arrest". Forbes. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 November 2016. Dicapai pada 10 November 2016.
  81. ^ a b Davey, Melissa (1 Disember 2016). "Australian students recreate Martin Shkreli price-hike drug in school lab". The Guardian. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 1 Disember 2016.
  82. ^ a b Strom, Marcus (30 November 2016). "Sydney schoolboys take down Martin Shkreli, the 'most hated man in the world'". Sydney Morning Herald. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  83. ^ Garcia, Feliks (1 Disember 2016). "Martin Shkreli-hiked drug Daraprim recreated by Australian schoolboys for $20 a pill". The Independent. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  84. ^ a b Palazzo, Chiara (2 Disember 2016). "Breaking good: Australian schoolboys reproduce Martin Shkreli-hiked drug for £1 a pill". Daily Telegraph. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  85. ^ a b Dunlop, Greg (2 Disember 2016). "Martin Shkreli: Australian boys recreate life-saving drug". BBC Online. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  86. ^ a b Schmidt, Samantha (1 Disember 2016). "Sydney high school students 'show up' Martin Shkreli, recreating price-hiked pill for $2". The Washington Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  87. ^ Salinger, Tobias (30 November 2016). "Australian high school boys create Martin Shkreli's price-hiked drug using $20 and science". New York Daily News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  88. ^ Dicker, Rachel (1 Disember 2016). "Australian High School Students Make Martin Shkreli's $750 Daraprim Drug for $2 per Pill". U.S. News & World Report. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  89. ^ Ghoshal, Arkadev (1 Disember 2016). "Take that, Pharma Bro: Australian students recreate $110,000 AIDS drug ingredient for $20". International Business Times (India Edition). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  90. ^ a b Davey, Melissa (2 Disember 2016). "Martin Shkreli branded an 'attention seeker' as Sydney student hits back". The Guardian. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  91. ^ a b Lee, Bruce Y. (1 Disember 2016). "High Schoolers Punch Martin Shkreli In The Face, Figuratively". Forbes. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  92. ^ "Martin Shkreli responds to Sydney schoolboys who recreated drug in Daraprim". The Australian. 2 Disember 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 Mei 2017. Dicapai pada 3 Disember 2016.
  93. ^ a b c d "Clubs and Societies". College Street. Sydney Grammar School. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 Januari 2008. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  94. ^ "A brief history of 306 Squadron". About 306 Squadron. Australian Air Force Cadets. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 Julai 2008. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  95. ^ J. B. Windeyer (1976). "Weigall, Albert Bythesea (1840–1912)". Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol. 6. MUP. m/s. 375–376. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 Jun 2007. Dicapai pada 12 Ogos 2007.
  96. ^ "Old Sydneians' Union". College St. Sydney Grammar School. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 Oktober 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  97. ^ "Old Sydneians' Union". Welcome. OSU Sydney Grammar School Old Sydneians' Union. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 September 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  98. ^ "Membership". Membership. OSU Sydney Grammar School Old Sydneians' Union. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 Ogos 2007. Dicapai pada 25 Oktober 2007.
  99. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 26th Rhode Scholar in 2005". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 Mac 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  100. ^ "University of Sydney, Sydney Grammar School 27th Rhode Scholar in 2006".
  101. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 28th Rhode Scholar in 2013". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 Ogos 2018. Dicapai pada 22 Ogos 2018.
  102. ^ "Edmund Barton". Player Profile. cricinfoaustralia. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 Julai 2007. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  103. ^ "William McMahon". Fast Facts – Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 31 Ogos 2007. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  104. ^ "Archived copy". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 September 2015. Dicapai pada 14 September 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  105. ^ "GYNGELL, BRUCE". Archives. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 April 2008. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.
  106. ^ "Andrew "Boy" Charlton – An Australian Legend". Dive into spring. Sydney Media. 1 September 2006. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 September 2007. Dicapai pada 11 Mac 2008.

Further reading sunting

  • Sheldon, J.S 1997. The Big School Room at Sydney Grammar School with an Account of the Decline & Fall of Sydney College. Sydney Grammar School Press, Sydney, NSW. ISBN 0-646-30507-7.
  • Turney, C. 1989. Grammar: A History of Sydney Grammar School 1819 – 1988. Allen & Unwin with Sydney Grammar School, Sydney, NSW. ISBN 0-04-910115-3.

External links sunting

Templat:Great Public Schools

Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pengguna:BukanTeamBiasa/Kotak_pasir/Sydney_Grammar_School&oldid=5842187"