Perjanjian Angkasa Lepas
Perjanjian Angkasa Lepas, secara rasmi Perjanjian mengenai Prinsip yang Mentadbir Aktiviti Negara dalam Penerokaan dan Penggunaan Angkasa Lepas, termasuk Bulan dan Badan Angkasa Lain, ialah perjanjian pelbagai hala yang menjadi asa undang-undang angkasa antarabangsa. Dirundingkan dan digubal di bawah naungan PBB, ia dibuka untuk ditandatangani di Amerika Syarikat, United Kingdom, dan Kesatuan Soviet pada 27 Januari 1967, berkuat kuasa pada 10 Oktober 1967. Setakat Februari 2021[kemas kini], 111 negara ialah pihak dalam perjanjian itu—termasuk semua negara pelayaran angkasa lepas utama—dan 23 lagi ialah penandatangan.[1][2]
| Perjanjian Angkasa Lepas | |
|---|---|
Perjanjian mengenai Prinsip yang Mentadbir Aktiviti Negara dalam Penerokaan dan Penggunaan Angkasa Lepas, termasuk Bulan dan Badan Angkasa Lain | |
 Parti Penandatangan Bukan-parti | |
| Ditandatangani | 27 Januari 1967 di London, Moscow dan Washington, D.C. |
Berkuat kuasa | 10 Oktober 1967 |
| Syarat | 5 ratifikasi, termasuk Kerajaan depositari |
| Pihak | 111[1] |
Pemegang simpanan | Kerajaan United Kingdom Great Britain dan Ireland Utara, Kesatuan Republik Sosialis Soviet dan Amerika Syarikat |
| Bahasa | Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia, Sepanyol dan Cina |
 Outer Space Treaty of 1967 di Wikisumber | |
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Lihat juga sunting
Rujukan sunting
- ^ a b "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Dicapai pada 16 September 2017.
- ^ "China: Accession to Outer Space Treaty". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Dicapai pada 1 March 2015.
Bacaan lanjut sunting
- Annette Froehlich, et al.: A Fresh View on the Outer Space Treaty. Springer, Vienna 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-70433-3.
Pautan luar sunting
- International Institute of Space Law
- Full text of the "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies" in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, or Spanish
- Status of International Agreements relating to Activities in Outer Space (list of state parties to treaty), UN Office for Outer Space Affairs
- "The Case for Withdrawing from the 1967 Outer Space Treaty"
- Still Relevant (and Important) After All These Years: The case for supporting the Outer Space Treaty
- Squadron Leader KK Nair's Space: The Frontiers of Modern Defence. Knowledge World Publishers, New Delhi, Chap. 5 "Examining Space Law...", pp. 84–104, available at Google Books.
- Introductory note by Vladimír Kopal, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
- The Progressive Development of International Space Law by the United Nations—Lecture by Vladimír Kopal] in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
- The Law of Outer Space in the General Legal Field (Commonalities and Particularities)—Lecture by Vladlen Stepanovich Vereshchetin in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
- Humans on Mars and beyond full-text