Perlucutan senjata nuklear

Perlucutan senjata nuklear adalah tindakan mengurangkan atau menghapuskan senjata nuklear. Ia juga boleh menjadi keadaan akhir dunia bebas senjata nuklear, di mana senjata nuklear sepenuhnya dihapuskan. Istilah denuklearisasi juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan proses yang membawa kepada pelucutan senjata nuklear.^[2]^[3]

Kumpulan pelucutan senjata nuklear termasuk Kempen Perlucutan Nuklear, Tindakan Keamanan, Greenpeace, Soka Gakkai International, Pakar Perubatan Antarabangsa untuk Pencegahan Perang Nuklear, Mayors for Peace, Zero Global, Kempen Antarabangsa untuk Menghapuskan Senjata Nuklear dan Yayasan Keamanan Zaman Nuklear. Terdapat banyak demonstrasi dan protes anti-nuklear yang besar. Pada 12 Jun 1982, satu juta orang menunjukkan di Central Park New York City terhadap senjata nuklear dan untuk mengakhiri perlumbaan senjata perang dingin. Ia merupakan protes anti-nuklear terbesar dan demonstrasi politik terbesar dalam sejarah Amerika.^[4]^[5]

Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, beberapa orang negarawan Amerika Syarikat juga telah menganjurkan pelucutan senjata nuklear. Sam Nunn, William Perry, Henry Kissinger, dan George Shultz meminta kerajaan untuk merangkul wawasan dunia yang bebas daripada senjata nuklear, dan dalam pelbagai bidang opsyen telah mencadangkan satu program langkah-langkah penting untuk mencapai tujuan itu. Keempat telah mewujudkan Projek Keselamatan Nuklear untuk memajukan agenda ini. Pertubuhan seperti Global Zero, sebuah kumpulan bukan partisan antarabangsa 300 pemimpin dunia yang berdedikasi untuk mencapai perlucutan senjata nuklear, juga telah ditubuhkan.

Penyokong senjata nuklear mengatakan bahawa ia akan mengurangkan kebarangkalian perang nuklear yang berlaku, terutama secara tidak sengaja. Pengkritik senjata nuklear mengatakan bahawa ia akan menjejaskan pencegahan.

Rujukan sunting

^ "BBC NEWS : Magazine : World's best-known protest symbol turns 50". BBC News. London. 20 March 2008. Dicapai pada 2008-05-25.
^ Gastelum, ZN (2012). "International Legal Framework for Denuclearization and Nuclear Disarmament" (PDF). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. m/s. 7. The term denuclearization is even less agreed upon [than disarmament] in the international community, and appears rarely in the context of arms control and nuclear nonproliferation. For the purpose of this paper, denuclearization will be defined as the elimination of the military infrastructure and materials necessary for nuclear weapons production.
^ Da Cunha, Derek (2000). Southeast Asian Perspectives on Security. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. m/s. 114. ISBN 978-981-230-098-0. "Denuclearization" may be defined as political/normative attitudes towards nuclear disarmament, with a complete ban on nuclear weapons as the objective. The ultimate aim of denuclearization is to achieve a nuclear weapons-free world.
^ Jonathan Schell. The Spirit of June 12 The Nation, July 2, 2007.
^ "1982 - a million people march in New York City". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-05-16. Dicapai pada 2019-05-12.

Pautan luar sunting

New Video: A World Without Nuclear Weapons Diarkibkan 2011-07-18 di Wayback Machine
Nuclear Files.org—Arms Control and Disarmament
Annotated bibliography for nuclear arms control from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues Diarkibkan 2006-02-03 di Wayback Machine
The Woodrow Wilson Center's Nuclear Proliferation International History Project or NPIHP is a global network of individuals and institutions engaged in the study of international nuclear history through archival documents, oral history interviews and other empirical sources.
Council for a Livable World Diarkibkan 2007-06-09 di Wayback Machine
Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation
People v The Bomb: Showdown at the UN, TV documentary report on 2005 NPT Review crisis
William Walker, "President-elect Obama and Nuclear Disarmament. Between Elimination and Restraint." Diarkibkan 2011-12-09 di Wayback Machine, Proliferation Papers, Paris, Ifri, Winter 2009
Robert S. Norris & Hans M. Kristensen, "Nuclear U.S. and Soviet/Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles, 1959-2008"
Robert S. Norris & Hans M. Kristensen, "U.S. nuclear forces, 2009", Nuclear Notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Seiitsu Tachibana, "Bush administration's nuclear weapons policy : New obstacles to nuclear disarmament" Hiroshima Peace Science, Vol. 24, pages 105-133 (2002) Diarkibkan 2011-07-18 di Wayback Machine
Nuclear Disarmament at the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute's Research on Nuclear weapons Diarkibkan 2011-05-24 di Wayback Machine
WNYC Radio's documentary record of the marchers who participated in the June 12, 1982 New York City anti-nuclear protest.

[BBCprotestsymbol-1] "BBC NEWS : Magazine : World's best-known protest symbol turns 50". BBC News. London. 20 March 2008. Dicapai pada 2008-05-25.

[2] Gastelum, ZN (2012). "International Legal Framework for Denuclearization and Nuclear Disarmament" (PDF). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. m/s. 7. The term denuclearization is even less agreed upon [than disarmament] in the international community, and appears rarely in the context of arms control and nuclear nonproliferation. For the purpose of this paper, denuclearization will be defined as the elimination of the military infrastructure and materials necessary for nuclear weapons production.

[3] Da Cunha, Derek (2000). Southeast Asian Perspectives on Security. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. m/s. 114. ISBN 978-981-230-098-0. "Denuclearization" may be defined as political/normative attitudes towards nuclear disarmament, with a complete ban on nuclear weapons as the objective. The ultimate aim of denuclearization is to achieve a nuclear weapons-free world.

[The_Spirit_of_June_12-4] Jonathan Schell. The Spirit of June 12 The Nation, July 2, 2007.

[icanw.org-5] "1982 - a million people march in New York City". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-05-16. Dicapai pada 2019-05-12.

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