Pilihan raya presiden Amerika Syarikat 2012
Pilihan raya presiden Amerika Syarikat 2012 merupakan pilihan raya presiden ke-57 yang diadakan pada hari Selasa, 6 November 2012. Calon dari parti Demokrat, Presiden Barack Obama, dan pasangannya, Naib Presiden Joe Biden, telah dipilih untuk penggal kedua. Mereka mengalahkan calon dari parti Republikan dan bekas Gabenor Mitt Romney dari Massachusetts dan pasangannya, ahli dewan perwakilan Paul Ryan dari Wisconsin.
 | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
538 270 pengundian untuk menang undian diperlukan untuk menang | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pengundi hadir | 54.9%[1] ▼ 3.3% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
 Keputusan pilihan raya presiden 2012. Biru menunjukkan negeri yang dimenangi Obama/Biden dan merah menunjukkan negeri yang dimenangi Romney/Ryan. Nombor menunjukkan jumlah undian kolej pilihan raya negeri-negeri dan Daerah Columbia. | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Sebagai penyandang presiden, Obama memperoleh pencalonan parti Demokrat tanpa bantahan yang serius. Parti Republikan mengalami persaingan yang sangat sengit dan kompetitif sebelum Romney secara konsisten dan berjaya juga mendapat sokongan ramai pemimpin parti beliau, walaupun dia menghadapi cabaran dari beberapa pesaing yang lebih konservatif. Akhirnya, Romney memenangi pencalonan partinya pada bulan Mei, mengalahkan Rick Santorum, Newt Gingrich, dan calon lain. Kempen ini memberi tumpuan besar kepada isu-isu domestik, dan perbahasan berpusat di sekitar respons yang sangat baik terhadap Kemelesetan Besar. Isu-isu lain termasuk isu-isu bajet jangka panjang persekutuan, masa depan program insurans sosial, dan Akta Penjagaan Terjangkau, program perundangan Obama. Dasar luar negeri juga dibincangkan, termasuk fasa keluar dari Perang Iraq, perbelanjaan ketenteraan, program nuklear Iran, dan tindak balas yang sesuai terhadap keganasan.
Obama mengalahkan Romney, memenangi majoriti undi popular dan Kolej Pemilihan. Obama memenangi 51.1% undi popular berbanding Romney yang 47.2%. Obama adalah penyandang pertama sejak Franklin D. Roosevelt pada tahun 1944 untuk memenangi pemilihan semula dengan undi undi yang lebih sedikit dan peratusan undi popular yang lebih rendah daripada yang telah dimenangi dalam pilihan raya sebelumnya, dan juga merupakan presiden dua penggal pertama sejak Ronald Reagan memenangi kedua-dua pilihan raya presiden dengan majoriti undi popular di seluruh negara. Ini juga merupakan pilihan raya presiden pertama sejak 1944 di mana calon tidak mempunyai pengalaman ketenteraan. Obama tewas di negeri Indiana dan Carolina Utara, namun memenangi seluruh tembok biru / kubu Demokrat serta merampas kerusi negeri Florida dan Ohio yang dimenangi oleh Republikan yang menjadi kubu kuat sejak dari pemilihan tahun 2000 dan 2004.
Keputusan sunting
Analisa keputusan sunting
| Negeri / daerah yang dimenangi oleh Obama/Biden |
| Negeri / daerah yang dimenangi oleh Romney/Ryan |
| Barack Obama Demokrat |
Mitt Romney Republikan |
Gary Johnson Libertarian |
Jill Stein Green |
Lain-lain | Margin | Jumlah | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negeri atau Daerah |
# | % | Undi | # | % | Undi | # | % | Undi | # | % | Undi | # | % | Undi | # | % | # | |
 Alabama |
795,696 | 38.36% | – | 1,255,925 | 60.55% | 9 | 12,328 | 0.59% | – | 3,397 | 0.16% | – | 6,992 | 0.34% | – | −460,229 | −22.19% | 2,074,338 | AL |
 Alaska |
122,640 | 40.81% | – | 164,676 | 54.80% | 3 | 7,392 | 2.46% | – | 2,917 | 0.97% | – | 2,870 | 0.96% | – | −42,036 | −13.99% | 300,495 | AK |
 Arizona |
1,025,232 | 44.59% | – | 1,233,654 | 53.65% | 11 | 32,100 | 1.40% | – | 7,816 | 0.34% | – | 452 | 0.02% | – | −208,422 | −9.06% | 2,299,254 | AZ |
 Arkansas |
394,409 | 36.88% | – | 647,744 | 60.57% | 6 | 16,276 | 1.52% | – | 9,305 | 0.87% | – | 1,734 | 0.16% | – | −253,335 | −23.69% | 1,069,468 | AR |
 California |
7,854,285 | 60.24% | 55 | 4,839,958 | 37.12% | – | 143,221 | 1.10% | – | 85,638 | 0.66% | – | 115,445 | 0.89% | – | 3,014,327 | 23.12% | 13,038,547 | CA |
 Colorado |
1,323,101 | 51.49% | 9 | 1,185,243 | 46.13% | – | 35,545 | 1.38% | – | 7,508 | 0.29% | – | 18,121 | 0.71% | – | 137,858 | 5.37% | 2,569,518 | CO |
 Connecticut |
905,083 | 58.06% | 7 | 634,892 | 40.73% | – | 12,580 | 0.81% | – | 863 | 0.06% | – | 5,542 | 0.36% | – | 270,191 | 17.33% | 1,558,960 | CT |
 Delaware |
242,584 | 58.61% | 3 | 165,484 | 39.98% | – | 3,882 | 0.94% | – | 1,940 | 0.47% | – | 31 | 0.01% | – | 77,100 | 18.63% | 413,921 | DE |
 Daerah Columbia |
267,070 | 90.91% | 3 | 21,381 | 7.28% | – | 2,083 | 0.71% | – | 2,458 | 0.84% | – | 772 | 0.26% | – | 245,689 | 83.63% | 293,764 | DC |
 Florida |
4,237,756 | 50.01% | 29 | 4,163,447 | 49.13% | – | 44,726 | 0.53% | – | 8,947 | 0.11% | – | 19,303 | 0.23% | – | 74,309 | 0.88% | 8,474,179 | FL |
 Georgia |
1,773,827 | 45.48% | – | 2,078,688 | 53.30% | 16 | 45,324 | 1.16% | – | 1,516 | 0.04% | – | 695 | 0.02% | – | −304,861 | −7.82% | 3,900,050 | GA |
 Hawaii |
306,658 | 70.55% | 4 | 121,015 | 27.84% | – | 3,840 | 0.88% | – | 3,184 | 0.73% | – | – | – | – | 185,643 | 42.71% | 434,697 | HI |
 Idaho |
212,787 | 32.62% | – | 420,911 | 64.53% | 4 | 9,453 | 1.45% | – | 4,402 | 0.67% | – | 4,721 | 0.72% | – | −208,124 | −31.91% | 652,274 | ID |
 Illinois |
3,019,512 | 57.60% | 20 | 2,135,216 | 40.73% | – | 56,229 | 1.07% | – | 30,222 | 0.58% | – | 835 | 0.02% | – | 884,296 | 16.87% | 5,242,014 | IL |
 Indiana |
1,152,887 | 43.93% | – | 1,420,543 | 54.13% | 11 | 50,111 | 1.91% | – | 625 | 0.02% | – | 368 | 0.01% | – | −267,656 | −10.20% | 2,624,534 | IN |
 Iowa |
822,544 | 51.99% | 6 | 730,617 | 46.18% | – | 12,926 | 0.82% | – | 3,769 | 0.24% | – | 12,324 | 0.78% | – | 91,927 | 5.81% | 1,582,180 | IA |
 Kansas |
440,726 | 37.99% | – | 692,634 | 59.71% | 6 | 20,456 | 1.76% | – | 714 | 0.06% | – | 5,441 | 0.47% | – | −251,908 | −21.72% | 1,159,971 | KS |
 Kentucky |
679,370 | 37.80% | – | 1,087,190 | 60.49% | 8 | 17,063 | 0.95% | – | 6,337 | 0.35% | – | 7,252 | 0.40% | – | −407,820 | −22.69% | 1,797,212 | KY |
 Louisiana |
809,141 | 40.58% | – | 1,152,262 | 57.78% | 8 | 18,157 | 0.91% | – | 6,978 | 0.35% | – | 7,527 | 0.38% | – | −343,121 | −17.21% | 1,994,065 | LA |
 Maine★ |
401,306 | 56.27% | 4 | 292,276 | 40.98% | – | 9,352 | 1.31% | – | 8,119 | 1.14% | – | 2,127 | 0.30% | – | 109,030 | 15.29% | 713,180 | ME–a/l |
 Maryland |
1,677,844 | 61.97% | 10 | 971,869 | 35.90% | – | 30,195 | 1.12% | – | 17,110 | 0.63% | – | 10,309 | 0.38% | – | 705,975 | 26.08% | 2,707,327 | MD |
 Massachusetts |
1,921,290 | 60.65% | 11 | 1,188,314 | 37.51% | – | 30,920 | 0.98% | – | 20,691 | 0.65% | – | 6,552 | 0.21% | – | 732,976 | 23.14% | 3,167,767 | MA |
 Michigan |
2,564,569 | 54.21% | 16 | 2,115,256 | 44.71% | – | 7,774 | 0.16% | – | 21,897 | 0.46% | – | 21,465 | 0.45% | – | 449,313 | 9.50% | 4,730,961 | MI |
 Minnesota |
1,546,167 | 52.65% | 10 | 1,320,225 | 44.96% | – | 35,098 | 1.20% | – | 13,023 | 0.44% | – | 22,048 | 0.75% | – | 225,942 | 7.69% | 2,936,561 | MN |
 Mississippi |
562,949 | 43.79% | – | 710,746 | 55.29% | 6 | 6,676 | 0.52% | – | 1,588 | 0.12% | – | 3,625 | 0.28% | – | −147,797 | −11.50% | 1,285,584 | MS |
 Missouri |
1,223,796 | 44.38% | – | 1,482,440 | 53.76% | 10 | 43,151 | 1.56% | – | – | – | – | 7,936 | 0.29% | – | −258,644 | −9.38% | 2,757,323 | MO |
 Montana |
201,839 | 41.70% | – | 267,928 | 55.35% | 3 | 14,165 | 2.93% | – | – | – | – | 116 | 0.02% | – | −66,089 | −13.65% | 484,048 | MT |
 Nebraska★ |
302,081 | 38.03% | – | 475,064 | 59.80% | 5 | 11,109 | 1.40% | – | – | – | – | 6,125 | 0.77% | – | −172,983 | −21.78% | 794,379 | NE–a/l |
 Nevada |
531,373 | 52.36% | 6 | 463,567 | 45.68% | – | 10,968 | 1.08% | – | – | – | – | 9,010 | 0.89% | – | 67,806 | 6.68% | 1,014,918 | NV |
 New Hampshire |
369,561 | 51.98% | 4 | 329,918 | 46.40% | – | 8,212 | 1.16% | – | 324 | 0.05% | – | 2,957 | 0.42% | – | 39,643 | 5.58% | 710,972 | NH |
 New Jersey[2] |
2,125,101 | 58.38% | 14 | 1,477,568 | 40.59% | – | 21,045 | 0.58% | – | 9,888 | 0.27% | – | 6,690 | 0.18% | – | 647,533 | 17.81% | 3,640,292 | NJ |
 New Mexico |
415,335 | 52.99% | 5 | 335,788 | 42.84% | – | 27,788 | 3.55% | – | 2,691 | 0.34% | – | 2,156 | 0.28% | – | 79,547 | 10.15% | 783,758 | NM |
 New York[3] |
4,485,741 | 63.35% | 29 | 2,490,431 | 35.17% | – | 47,256 | 0.67% | – | 39,982 | 0.56% | – | 17,749 | 0.25% | – | 1,995,310 | 28.18% | 7,081,159 | NY |
 North Carolina |
2,178,391 | 48.35% | – | 2,270,395 | 50.39% | 15 | 44,515 | 0.99% | – | – | – | – | 12,071 | 0.27% | – | −92,004 | −2.04% | 4,505,372 | NC |
 North Dakota |
124,827 | 38.69% | – | 188,163 | 58.32% | 3 | 5,231 | 1.62% | – | 1,361 | 0.42% | – | 3,045 | 0.94% | – | −63,336 | −19.63% | 322,627 | ND |
 Ohio[4] |
2,827,709 | 50.67% | 18 | 2,661,437 | 47.69% | – | 49,493 | 0.89% | – | 18,573 | 0.33% | – | 23,635 | 0.42% | – | 166,272 | 2.98% | 5,580,847 | OH |
 Oklahoma |
443,547 | 33.23% | – | 891,325 | 66.77% | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | −447,778 | −33.54% | 1,334,872 | OK |
 Oregon |
970,488 | 54.24% | 7 | 754,175 | 42.15% | – | 24,089 | 1.35% | – | 19,427 | 1.09% | – | 21,091 | 1.18% | – | 216,313 | 12.09% | 1,789,270 | OR |
 Pennsylvania |
2,990,274 | 51.97% | 20 | 2,680,434 | 46.59% | – | 49,991 | 0.87% | – | 21,341 | 0.37% | – | 11,630 | 0.20% | – | 309,840 | 5.39% | 5,753,670 | PA |
 Rhode Island |
279,677 | 62.70% | 4 | 157,204 | 35.24% | – | 4,388 | 0.98% | – | 2,421 | 0.54% | – | 2,359 | 0.53% | – | 122,473 | 27.46% | 446,049 | RI |
 South Carolina |
865,941 | 44.09% | – | 1,071,645 | 54.56% | 9 | 16,321 | 0.83% | – | 5,446 | 0.28% | – | 4,765 | 0.24% | – | −205,704 | −10.47% | 1,964,118 | SC |
 South Dakota |
145,039 | 39.87% | – | 210,610 | 57.89% | 3 | 5,795 | 1.59% | – | – | – | – | 2,371 | 0.65% | – | −65,571 | −18.02% | 363,815 | SD |
 Tennessee |
960,709 | 39.08% | – | 1,462,330 | 59.48% | 11 | 18,623 | 0.76% | – | 6,515 | 0.26% | – | 10,400 | 0.42% | – | −501,621 | −20.40% | 2,458,577 | TN |
 Texas |
3,308,124 | 41.38% | – | 4,569,843 | 57.17% | 38 | 88,580 | 1.11% | – | 24,657 | 0.31% | – | 2,647 | 0.03% | – | −1,261,719 | −15.78% | 7,993,851 | TX |
 Utah |
251,813 | 24.75% | – | 740,600 | 72.79% | 6 | 12,572 | 1.24% | – | 3,817 | 0.38% | – | 8,638 | 0.85% | – | −488,787 | −48.04% | 1,017,440 | UT |
 Vermont |
199,239 | 66.57% | 3 | 92,698 | 30.97% | – | 3,487 | 1.17% | – | 594 | 0.20% | – | 3,272 | 1.09% | – | 106,541 | 35.60% | 299,290 | VT |
 Virginia |
1,971,820 | 51.16% | 13 | 1,822,522 | 47.28% | – | 31,216 | 0.81% | – | 8,627 | 0.22% | – | 20,304 | 0.53% | – | 149,298 | 3.87% | 3,854,489 | VA |
 Washington |
1,755,396 | 56.16% | 12 | 1,290,670 | 41.29% | – | 42,202 | 1.35% | – | 20,928 | 0.67% | – | 16,320 | 0.52% | – | 464,726 | 14.87% | 3,125,516 | WA |
 West Virginia |
238,269 | 35.54% | – | 417,655 | 62.30% | 5 | 6,302 | 0.94% | – | 4,406 | 0.66% | – | 3,806 | 0.57% | – | −179,386 | −26.76% | 670,438 | WV |
 Wisconsin[5] |
1,620,985 | 52.83% | 10 | 1,407,966 | 45.89% | – | 20,439 | 0.67% | – | 7,665 | 0.25% | – | 11,379 | 0.37% | – | 213,019 | 6.94% | 3,068,434 | WI |
 Wyoming |
69,286 | 27.82% | – | 170,962 | 68.64% | 3 | 5,326 | 2.14% | – | – | – | – | 3,487 | 1.40% | – | −101,676 | −40.82% | 249,061 | WY |
| Jumlah keseluruhan | 65,915,795 | 51.06% | 332 | 60,933,504 | 47.20% | 206 | 1,275,971 | 0.99% | – | 469,627 | 0.36% | – | 490,510 | 0.38% | – | 4,982,291 | 3.86% | 129,085,410 | US |
Keputusan bagi daerah di Maine dan Nebraska sunting
| Daerah | Obama | % | Romney | % | Johnson | % | Stein | % | Terry | % | Margin | % | Jumlah |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kongres daerah Maine pertama | 223,035 | 59.57% | 142,937 | 38.18% | 4,501 | 1.20% | 3,946 | 1.05% | – | – | 80,098 | 21.39% | 374,419 |
| Kongres daerah Maine kedua | 177,998 | 52.94% | 149,215 | 44.38% | 4,843 | 1.44% | 4,170 | 1.24% | – | – | 28,783 | 8.56% | 336,226 |
| Kongres daerah Nebraska pertama | 108,082 | 40.83% | 152,021 | 57.43% | 3,847 | 1.45% | – | – | 762 | 0.29% | −43,939 | −16.60% | 264,712 |
| Kongres daerah Nebraska kedua | 121,889 | 45.70% | 140,976 | 52.85% | 3,393 | 1.27% | – | – | 469 | 0.18% | −19,087 | −7.16% | 266,727 |
| Kongres daerah Nebraska ketiga | 72,110 | 27.82% | 182,067 | 70.24% | 3,869 | 1.49% | – | – | 1,177 | 0.45% | −109,957 | −42.42% | 259,223 |
Rujukan sunting
- ^ "Federal Elections 2012: Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. m/s. 5. Dicapai pada 7 Disember 2015.
- ^ "2012 Election Information". Dicapai pada February 25, 2013.
- ^ "NYS Board of Elections President and Vice-President Election Returns Nov. 6, 2012" (PDF). Dicapai pada May 2, 2013.
- ^ "Final Results". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada Julai 29, 2013. Dicapai pada Februari 25, 2013.
- ^ "Wisconsin Fall 2012 General Election Results". Dicapai pada January 18, 2013.
- ^ "State of Maine Certificate of Ascertainment of Electors" (PDF). Dicapai pada December 18, 2012.
- ^ "Official Results of Nebraska General Election – November 6, 2012" (PDF). Dicapai pada December 26, 2012.
Pautan luar sunting
| Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang 2012 U.S. presidential election di Wikipedia: | |
 |
Imej dan media dari Commons |
 |
Berita dari Wikiberita |