Proses pencabaran terhadap Richard Nixon
Proses pencabaran terhadap Richard Nixon bermula di Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat pada 30 Oktober 1973, berikutan skandal Watergate "Saturday Night Massacre". Jawatankuasa Dewan Kehakiman menubuhkan seorang pegawai siasatan yang menyamar dan memulakan siasatan ke atas kemungkinan kesalahan pemecatan oleh Richard Nixon, presiden ke-37 Amerika Syarikat. Proses ini secara rasmi dimulakan pada 6 Februari 1974, apabila Dewan memberi kuasa kepada Jawatankuasa Kehakiman untuk menyiasat apakah alasan yang mencukupi untuk mengecam Presiden Nixon atas kejahatan yang tinggi dan salah laku di bawah Perkara II, Bahagian 4, Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat. Siasatan ini dilakukan satu tahun selepas Senat Amerika Syarikat menubuhkan Jawatankuasa Pilihan Mengenai Aktiviti Kempen Presiden untuk menyiasat pecah masuk 1972 di ibu pejabat Jawatankuasa Kebangsaan Demokratik di kompleks pejabat Watergate di Washington, DC, dan percubaan pentadbiran Nixon Republik atas penutupan penglibatannya.[1][2][3]
 Hari pertama pendengaran pencabaran formal Jawatankuasa Kehakiman terhadap Presiden Nixon pada 9 Mei 1974 | |
| Tarikh | 30 Oktober 1973 – 20 Ogos 1974 |
|---|---|
| Tempat | Rayburn House Office Building (staff headquartered at House Annex-1) |
| Lokasi | Washington, D.C. |
| Penyebab | Skandal Watergate |
| Sasaran | Richard Nixon, 37th president of the United States |
| Dianjurkan oleh | United States House Committee on the Judiciary |
| Hadirin | 38 members of the Judiciary Committee, Peter Rodino, chairman; also, Lead counsel John Doar, Attorney James D. St. Clair, among others |
| Hasil | Resolution containing three articles of impeachment adopted July 30, 1974; resolution became moot August 9, 1974 when President Nixon resigned from office |
| Tuduhan | Adopted: obstruction of justice, abuse of power, contempt of Congress Rejected: usurping congressional war powers, tax fraud |
Lihat juga sunting
Rujukan sunting
- ^ "A burglary turns into a constitutional crisis". CNN. June 16, 2004. Dicapai pada May 13, 2014.
- ^ "Senate Hearings: Overview". fordlibrarymuseum.gov. Dicapai pada October 17, 2017.
- ^ McBee, Susanna (July 27, 1973). "Court Battle Set as Nixon Defies Subpoenas". The Washington Post. Dicapai pada October 22, 2019.
Bacaan lanjut sunting
- Bazan, Elizabeth B. (December 9, 2010). Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice (PDF) (Laporan). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. 98-186, 32 pages – melalui University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.
- Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session (January 1974). Impeachment: Selected Materials (Laporan). Second volume. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office. House Committee Print, 900 pages – melalui HathiTrust Digital Library.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session (August 1974). Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (PDF) (Laporan). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office. H. Rpt. 93-1305, 528 pages.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Staff of the Impeachment Inquiry, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session (February 1974). Constitutional Grounds for Presidential Impeachment (Laporan). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office. H522-6, 80 pages – melalui Internet Archive.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum—Oral Histories, oral history interviews with many individuals who worked in the Nixon administration or were significant figures during the time (1969–74).
- Kohut, Andrew (September 25, 2019) [Originally published August 8, 2014]. "From the archives: How the Watergate crisis eroded public support for Richard Nixon". Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center.
Pautan luar sunting
| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Proses pencabaran terhadap Richard Nixon |
| Wikisource mempunyai teks asal berkaitan rencana ini: |
- House Impeachment Coverage: May, July 1974, recordings of public hearings from American Archive of Public Broadcasting
- Senate Watergate Coverage: May–November 1973, recordings of public hearings from American Archive of Public Broadcasting
Karya oleh United States Senate Watergate Committee di LibriVox (buku audio domain awam)- "Should The President Be Impeached?", Congressman Jerome Waldie, The Advocates television series, January 3, 1974, 88:47, WGBH-TV
- Watergate.info website, Malcolm Farnsworth owner
