Rampasan kuasa Yugoslavia

Rampasan kuasa Yugoslavia
	Dušan Simović, Raja Peter II dari Yugoslavia, dan Radoje Knežević di London, Jun 1941. Peter II telah diisytiharkan cukup umur dan ditabalkan sebagai Raja hasil dari rampasan kuasa.
Tarikh	27 Mac 1941
Lokasi	Belgrade, Kerajaan Yugoslavia
Hasil	Penyingkiran Pemangku Raja Putera Paul dan kerajaannya; Pelantikan kerajaan perpaduan nasional dibawah Raja Peter II dan diketuai oleh Jeneral Dušan Simović; Provokasi serangan ke atas Yugoslavia oleh Kuasa Paksi;
Kematian	1 (eksiden)

Rampasan kuasa Yugoslavia berlaku pada 27 Mac 1941 di Belgrade, Kerajaan Yugoslavia, apabila Majlis Pangkuan Diraja pimpinan Putera Paul dari Yugoslavia telah digulingkan dan Raja Peter II mengambil alih pemerintahan. Ia telah dirancang dan dilaksanakan oleh sekumpulan pegawai nasionalis-Serbia Tentera Udara Diraja Yugoslavia yang pro-Barat pimpinan panglimanya, Jeneral Dušan Simović, yang telah dikaitkan dengan beberapa plot putsch dari tahun 1938 keatas. Brigedier Jeneral Tentera Udara Borivoje Mirković, Mejar Živan Knežević dari Pengawal Diraja Yugoslavia, dan abangnya Radoje Knežević adalah penganjur utama untuk menggulingkan kerajaan. Selain Radoje Knežević, beberapa pemimpin awam lain mungkin menyedari plot tersebut sebelum ia dilancarkan dan mula menyokongnya setelah ia berlaku, tetapi mereka bukanlah antara penganjur.

Parti Komunis Yugoslavia tidak memainkan peranan dalam kudeta ini, walaupun ia memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan terhadap demonstrasi jalanan besar-besaran di kebanyakan bandar-bandar yang menandakan sokongan rakyat kepadanya setelah ia berlaku. Putsch berjaya dan menggulingkan tiga anggota majlis pangkuan diraja: Putera Paul, Radenko Stanković and Ivo Perović, dan kerajaan Perdana Menteri Dragiša Cvetković. Dua hari sebelum penggulingan mereka, kerajaan Cvetković telah menandatangani Protokol Vienna mengenai Penerimaan Yugoslavia ke dalam Pakatan Tiga Pihak (Paksi). Kudeta telahpun dirancang selama beberapa bulan, tetapi penandatanganan Pakatan Tiga Pihak mendorong penganjur untuk melaksanakannya, digalakkan oleh Eksekutif Operasi Khas British.

Para konspirator tentera mengembalikan kuasa kepada Raja Peter II yang berusia 17 tahun, iaitu orang yang mereka isytihar cukup umur untuk ambil alih takhta, dan sebuah kerajaan perpaduan nasional yang lemah dan berpecah-belah telah dibentuk dengan Simović sebagai perdana menteri dan Vladko Maček serta Slobodan Jovanović sebagai timbalan perdana menteri. Kudeta ini telah menyebabkan kuasa Paksi pimpinan Jerman untuk menceroboh Yugoslavia. Kepentingan putsch dan pencerobohan berikutnya telah menunda Operasi Barbarossa, iaitu pencerobohan Paksi ke atas Soviet Union, masih terbuka untuk dibahaskan. Pada tahun 1972 sejarawan tentera Martin van Creveld menolak idea yang menegaskan bahawa pencerobohan Yugoslavia sebenarnya membantu dan mempercepatkan kempen Balkan secara keseluruhan, dan bahawa faktor-faktor lain menentukan tarikh permulaan Operasi Barbarossa, akan tetapi penemuan terkini oleh Profesor Craig Stockings dan Hancock telah menyimpulkan yang Operasi 25, (pencerobohan Yugoslavia) sedikit sebanyak menyumbang kepada kelewatan pencerobohan Jerman ke atas Soviet Union.

Nota dan petikan sunting

^ Tomasevich 1969, m/s. 67.

Rujukan sunting

Buku sunting

Biondich, Mark (2007), "Controversies surrounding the Catholic Church in Wartime Croatia, 1941–45", dalam Ramet, Sabrina P. (penyunting), The Independent State of Croatia 1941–45, New York, New York: Routledge, m/s. 31–59, ISBN 978-0-415-44055-4
Çetiner, Yusuf Turan (2014). Turkey and the West: From Neutrality to Commitment. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-6190-4.
Ciglic, Boris; Savic, Dragan (2002). Croatian Aces of World War 2. London, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-435-1.
Creveld, Martin L. Van (1973). Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941: The Balkan Clue. London, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20143-8.
Dožić, Gavrilo (1974). Memoari patrijarha srpskog Gavrila [Memoirs of the Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo] (PDF) (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). Paris, France: Richelieu. OCLC 439206806.
Dragnich, Alex N. (1983). The First Yugoslavia: Search for a Viable Political System. Stanford, California: Hoover Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-7843-3.
Frank, Tibor (2001). "Treaty Revision and Doublespeak: Hungarian Neutrality, 1939–1941". Dalam Wylie, Neville (penyunting). European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents During the Second World War. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. m/s. 150–191. ISBN 978-0-521-64358-0.
Goldstein, Ivo (2003). Goldstein, Slavko (penyunting). Hrvatska povijest [Croatian History] (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). Zagreb, Croatia: Novi Liber. ISBN 978-953-6045-22-8.
Hehn, Paul N. (2005). A Low Dishonest Decade : The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930–1941. London, United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-1761-9.
Hoptner, Jacob B. (1963). Yugoslavia in Crisis, 1934–1941. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. OCLC 310483760.
Klajn, Lajčo (2007). The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-3647-6.
Malcolm, Noel (1994). Bosnia: A Short History. New York, New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5520-4.
Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1589-8.
Papasissis, Themistokles (1960). "5". Der König muss sterben [The King Must Die] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Berlin, West Germany: Berlin Bär. OCLC 722376881.
Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2007). Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-1-85065-895-5.
Petranović, Branko (1992). Srbija u drugom svetskom ratu: 1939–1945 [Serbia in the Second World War: 1939–1945] (PDF) (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavaćki i Novinski Centar. OCLC 246803289.
Playfair, I. S. O.; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E.; Flynn, F. C. (2014) [1956]. J. R. M. Butler (penyunting). The Mediterranean And Middle East: Volume II The Germans Come To The Help Of Their Ally (1941) Illustrated Edition. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78289-622-7.
Prusin, Alexander (2017). Serbia Under the Swastika: A World War II Occupation. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-09961-8.
Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8.
Ramet, Sabrina P.; Lazić, Sladjana (2011). "The Collaborationist Regime of Milan Nedić". Dalam Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (penyunting). Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 17–43. ISBN 978-0-230-27830-1.
Reshetnikov, Leonid (1992), "К вопросу о советско-югославском договоре о дружбе и ненападении [On the Question of the Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression]", dalam Gibianskij, Leonid Ânovič; Sluč, Sergej Zinov'evič (penyunting), Международные отношения и страны Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы в период фашистской агрессии на Балканах и подготовки нападения на СССР (сентябрь 1940 – июнь 1941) [International Relations and the Countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe during the Fascist Aggression in the Balkans and Preparations for an Attack on the USSR (September 1940 – June 1941)] (dalam bahasa Rusia), Moscow, Russian Federation: Institute of Slavic Studies and Balkan Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, m/s. 110–123, OCLC 690302464
Roberts, Walter R. (1987). Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945 (ed. 3). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0773-0.
Shirer, William (1990). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-72868-7.
Singleton, Fred (1985). A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27485-2.
Slijepčević, Đoko (1978). Jugoslavija uoči i za vreme drugog svetskog rata [Yugoslavia Before and During the Second World War] (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). Munich, West Germany: Iskra. OCLC 490751261.
Stockings, Craig; Hancock, Eleanor (2013). Swastika over the Acropolis: Re-interpreting the Nazi Invasion of Greece in World War II. Boston, Massachusetts: BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-25459-6.
Sudoplatov, Pavel (1994). Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness — A Soviet Spymaster. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0316773522.
Tanner, Marcus (1997). Croatia: A Nation Forged in War. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09125-0.
Tasovac, Ivo (1999). American Foreign Policy and Yugoslavia, 1939-1941. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-897-0.
Tomanić, Milorad (2001). Srpska crkva u ratu i ratovi u njoj [The Serbian Church in War and Wars Within It] (PDF). Belgrade, Serbia: Medijska Knjižara Krug. OCLC 249507440.
Tomasevich, Jozo (1969). "Yugoslavia During the Second World War". Dalam Vucinich, Wayne S. (penyunting). Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. m/s. 59–118. OCLC 652337606.
Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.
Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1964). Hitler's War Directives: 1939–1945. London, United Kingdom: Sidgwick and Jackson. ISBN 978-1-84341-014-0.
Zakić, Mirna (2017). Ethnic Germans and National Socialism in Yugoslavia in World War II. New York City: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-17184-8.

Jurnal dan suratkhabar sunting

Bakić, Dragan (2005). "Apis's Men: the Black Hand Conspirators after the Great War" (PDF). Balcanica (XLVI): 219–239. ISSN 0350-7653.
Dizdar, Zdravko (January 2007). "Bjelovarski ustanak od 7. do 10. travnja 1941" [Bjelovar Uprising, 7 to 10 April 1941]. Časopis za suvremenu povijest [Journal of Contemporary History] (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). 39 (3): 581–609.
Hadži-Jovančić, Perica. "Losing the Periphery: The British Foreign Office and Policy Towards Yugoslavia, 1935–1938" Diplomacy & Statecraft (March 2020) 31#1 pp 65–90.
Iaremko, Marta (2014). "Belgrade Coup D'Etat of March 27, 1941" (PDF). Proceedings of the History Faculty of Lviv University (15): 119–128. ISSN 2078-6077.
"Nazis Ask Yugoslavs To Explain". The Examiner. C (16). Tasmania, Australia. 29 March 1941. m/s. 1. Dicapai pada 7 June 2018.
Onslow, Sue (March 2005). "Britain and the Belgrade Coup of 27 March 1941 Revisited" (PDF). Electronic Journal of International History (8): 359–370. ISSN 1471-1443.
Presseisen, Ernst L. (December 1960). "Prelude to "Barbarossa": Germany and the Balkans, 1940–1941". Journal of Modern History. 32 (4): 359–370. doi:10.1086/238616. JSTOR 1872611. S2CID 144699901.
Stafford, David A. T. (September 1977). "SOE and British Involvement in the Belgrade Coup d'État of March 1941". Slavic Review. 36 (3): 399–419. doi:10.2307/2494975. JSTOR 2494975.
Starič, Jerca Vodušek (2005). "The Concurrence of Allied and Yugoslav Intelligence Aims and Activities". The Journal of Intelligence History. 5 (1): 29–44. doi:10.1080/16161262.2005.10555107. S2CID 150956459.
Van Creveld, Martin (1972). "The German attack on the USSR: the Destruction of a Legend". European Studies Review. SAGE Journals. 2 (1): 69–86. doi:10.1177/026569147200200104. ISSN 0014-3111.

Laman web sunting

Medvedev, Roy; Medvedev, Zhores (19 October 2014). "Poklon Moskvi sa Balkana" [A Gift to Moscow from the Balkans] (dalam bahasa Serbia). Novosti.
"Prince Paul of Yugoslavia gets royal resting place at last". The Star online. 7 October 2012.
"Rehabilitovan knez Pavle" [Prince Paul Rehabilitated] (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). Radio Television of Serbia. 15 December 2011.
"Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković" [Dragiša Cvetković Rehabilitated]. Politika (dalam bahasa SerboCroatia). 26 September 2009.
"Treaty on Friendship and Non-Aggression between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia". www.kodeks.ru. The Legal Information Consortium. 5 April 1941. Dicapai pada 14 December 2017.

[FOOTNOTETomasevich196967-1] Tomasevich 1969, m/s. 67.

[1]