Senarai bekas Islam

rencana senarai Wikimedia

Yang berikut adalah senarai orang terkenal yang telah menjadi Muslim sebahagian dari hidup mereka, tetapi meninggalkan Islam untuk agama lain atau sebuah seluruh dunia ketiadaan agama.

Memasuki sebuah agama samawi yang berlainan sunting

Memasuki agama Kristian sunting

 
raja Albania, Skanderbeg memasuki dari agama Kristian ke dalam Islam dan kemudian dalam hidupnya memasuki semula agama Kristian[1]
 
Chamillionaire pernah menjadi seorang Islam tetapi kini dia seorang Kristian.
 
Italian journalist Magdi Allam converted to Roman Catholicism during the Vatican's 2008 Easter vigil service presided over by Pope Benedict XVI[13]
 
On St George's Day, 2005 Serbian film director Emir Kusturica left Islam and was baptised into the Serb Orthodox Church[49]
 
Argentine president, Carlos Menem converted to Roman Catholicism due to his political aspirations[42]
 
Al Qaeda terrorist Ramzi Yousef claims to have embraced Christianity while in ADX Florence Supermax prison. However, the prison staff does not believe Yousef's conversion is sincere.[93][94]
 
Born into a Muslim Batak family, Indonesian Prime Minister Amir Sjarifuddin converted to Christianity in 1931, upon which his fervently Islamic mother committed suicide.[100]

Memasuki agama Yahudi sunting

  • Reza Jabari – Israeli of Iranian birth who hijacked a flight between Tehran and the Iranian resort island of Kish in September, 1995 while working as a flight attendant for Iranian carrier Kish Air flight 707.[115]
  • Avraham Sinai – Lebanese former Shi'ite who converted to Judaism. He served as an informant for the Israelis while serving in Hezbollah, until his actions were uncovered. He fled to Israel and subsequently converted.[116]

Memasuki agama Bahá'í sunting

 
Mishkín-Qalam was a prominent Bahá'í and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.[117]

These were mostly people who were followers of the Bahá'u'lláh at the time he founded the Bahá'í Faith. They were formerly Muslims.

Sebahagian dari agama tidak ditubuhkan atau tiada agama sunting

Menjadi Ateis sunting

Armin Navabi, founder of Atheist Republic, about leaving Islam.
 
Javed Akhtar is a noted Indian writer and lyricist.
 
Maryam Namazie, cofounder of the Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain.
 
Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.[121]
 
Sarah Haider, cofounder of Ex-Muslims of North America.

Menjadi Agnostik sunting

Menjadi Deis sunting

 
Bekas ahli politik Belanda dan Islam Ehsan Jami merupakan salah seorang daripada dua orang pengasas Central Committee for Ex-Muslims[214]

Memasuki sebuah agama Dharma sunting

Memasuki agama Buddha sunting

Memasuki agama Hindu sunting

 
Harilal Gandhi memasuki Islam, menggunakan nama "Abdullah Gandhi", tetapi selepas itu memasuki semula agama Hindu.[230]
  • Aasish Khan, the son of sarod maestro Ustad Ali Akbar Khan [231]
  • Annapurna Devi (born Roshanara Khan) – Surbahar (bass sitar) player and music teacher in the North Indian classical tradition[232]
  • Asha Gawli – (born Ayesha) Wife of Arun Gawli, notorious gangster turned politician from Mumbai, India.[233]
  • Bukka I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted. The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on theories.[234][235]
  • Chander Mohan – Former Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana State in India.[236][237]
  • Harihara I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted[235]
  • Haridas Thakura – Prominent Vaishnavite saint born in 1450, instrumental in the early appearance and spread of Hare Krishna movement. He used to chat "Hare Krishna" 300,000 times daily! His Muslim name remains unknown to this day.[238]
  • Hassan Palakkode Muslim scholar [239]
  • Harilal Gandhi – He was the son of Mahatma Gandhi (father of India) and converted to Islam. He was in Islam for a few months, before reverting back to Hinduism.[230]
  • Ifa Sudewi – Chief judge for the 2002 Bali bombing trials in Indonesia.[240][241]
  • Khushboo Sundar (born Khushboo Khan) – Tamil movie actress[242]
  • Nadira Babbar (born Nadira Zaheer)] – Wife of actor turned politician Raj Babbar. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage. She was the daughter of communist leader Syed Sajjad Zaheer and Urdu writer Razia Sajjad Zaheer.
  • Nafisa Ali, former Miss India and leading social activist]
  • Nargis Dutt (Fatima Rashid), famous Bollywood actress]
  • Netaji Palkar – Maratha noble and commander-in-chief of the army of Shivaji, 19 June 1676.[243][244][245]
  • Shanti Devi born Ashgari – Mother of yesteryear Bollywood Actress Tabassum. She was daughter of a Maulvi but converted to Hinduism after marriage and even underwent Hindu religious education.[246]
  • Sonam (born Bakhtawar Murad)] – Bollywood actress and Wife of Bollywood director Rajiv Rai. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage. She is the niece of character actor Raza Murad and granddaughter of veteran character actor Murad. She is the cousin of actress Sanober Kabir.
  • Zubeida – Hindi film actress, on whose life story the film Zubeidaa was based[247]

Memasuki Sikhisme sunting

  • Kuldeep Manak – (lahir Latif Mohammed) Penyanyi masyhur Punjabi yang, selepas kemasukannya, mengeluarkan sebilangan trek kebaktian Sikh.[248]

Lain sunting

 
RZA kini menggabungkan aspek agama Buddha, Kristian, Konfusianisme, Hindu, Islam dan Taoisme ke dalam kepercayaan kerohaniannya.

pengasas agama sunting

 
Mughal emperor Akbar proclaimed that no single religion possessed the absolute truth. This inspired him to create the Dīn-i Ilāhī in 1581.[249]
 
American actor Wesley Snipes converted from Christianity to Islam in 1978, but he left the faith in 1988.[259]

Sistem kepercayaan kini tidak dapat ditentukan sunting

Lihat juga sunting

Senarai berkaitan kemurtadan lain sunting

Rujukan sunting

  1. ^ a b Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.
  2. ^ I Love Jeddah in the Springtime Diarkibkan 2013-08-12 di Wayback Machine Time magazine
  3. ^ http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000258376/0000258376_0014.gif
  4. ^ "African Studies Quarterly". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-06. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  5. ^ "W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research at Harvard". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-10-14. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  6. ^ New York Times obituary[pautan mati kekal]
  7. ^ "Africana Online". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-04-28. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  8. ^ George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 12, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
  9. ^ "All hail The chieftain", August 25 2007, Independent News
  10. ^ Pope Gunman: I Want to Convert to Christianity – ABC News, May 13, 2009
  11. ^ Late pope's would-be killer wants Vatican baptism lawyer Diarkibkan 2020-04-27 di Wayback Machine – Vancouver Sun, May 2009
  12. ^ Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed – Compass Direct News, October 18, 2006
  13. ^ a b "Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-05. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  14. ^ "He saved me – The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2006-08-29. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  15. ^ Features : Chamillionaire: Here Comes the Reign
  16. ^ a b Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. m/s. 7. ISBN 0312193440. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan) – Sister Josephine Bakhita telah dipaksa memasuki Islam dan kemudian, kebebasan dikembalikan, telah memilih agama Kristian.
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  18. ^ Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP, NOv. 14, 2009
  19. ^ Birdsall, Neville. Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[2][pautan mati kekal]; January 8th Saints Diarkibkan 2007-12-12 di Wayback Machine.
  20. ^ Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560–1604 (book review)
  21. ^ a b c d Templat:TES
  22. ^ Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-253-21770-9, M1 Google Print, p. 265.
  23. ^ Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
  24. ^ Ivan Mannheim, Syria & Lebanon handbook, Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1-900949-90-3, Google Print, p. 567.
  25. ^ Gershom Scholem, 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists', from Encyclopedia Judaica
  26. ^ "Biography of Walid Shoebat". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-06-01. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  27. ^ "The Rt Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti, Bishop of Iran who survived an assassination attempt and had to continue his ministry in exile". The Daily Telegraph. London. 2008-05-05. Dicapai pada 2008-05-11.
  28. ^ J.S. Clarke. "History". Linda Haggin Peck. Dicapai pada 2008-09-30.
  29. ^ "Robert Young Pelton's The World's Most Dangerous Places: 5th Edition", Robert Young Pelton, Collins Reference, 2003, p.270: "Denard has seven wives and has at various times converted to Judaism (in Morocco) and Islam (in the Comoros) and then back to Catholicism."
  30. ^ Friedman, Lisa. "Ex-Muslim calls on her people to reject hatred", Los Angeles Daily News, 5 June 2005. (reproduced)
  31. ^ The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice – Sari, Iran December 3, 1993
  32. ^ "Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-05. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  33. ^ Islam, the West and the need for honesty
  34. ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
  35. ^ a b Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila
  36. ^ Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith Diarkibkan 2008-09-07 di Wayback Machine – ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")
  37. ^ (Rusia) Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006
  38. ^ Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com
  39. ^ Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path
  40. ^ Faith in Sports
  41. ^ "Time Magazine". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-04-19. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  42. ^ a b Encyclopedia Britannica- Carlos Menem
  43. ^ Flight from Iran
  44. ^ You quizzed George Weah – BBC.com
  45. ^ Religion And Power in Liberia – The Perspective, June 17, 2005.
  46. ^ Egypt The Muhammed Ali dynasty
  47. ^ "Egypt". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2003-08-24. Dicapai pada 2003-08-24.
  48. ^ Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. p. 196
  49. ^ a b Article about Kusturica's religion on pionirovglasnik.com
  50. ^ The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8
  51. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=21687
  52. ^ Okanla, Karim (20 August 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC news.
  53. ^ The Travels of Dean Mahomet Diarkibkan 2008-10-26 di Wayback Machine – University of California press
  54. ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20120219191451/http://www.indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/183 Diarkibkan 2012-02-19 di Wayback Machine Deen Mahomed [1759–1851]: soldier, writer, businessman]
  55. ^ White mischief – The Guardian, December 9, 2002
  56. ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
  57. ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850–1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
  58. ^ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar – ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")
  59. ^ "News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-09-27. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  60. ^ Amazon.com: Inside Islam: A Guide for Catholics: Books: Daniel Ali,Robert Spencer
  61. ^ Washington Times – Islam for Catholics
  62. ^ Fernão Lopes – the first Robinson Diarkibkan 2009-11-21 di Wayback Machine – The St Helena Foundation
  63. ^ Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. m/s. 469. ISBN 0345298063. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)
  64. ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743.
  65. ^ St. Casilda – Americancatholic.org
  66. ^ St. Alodia – Catholic.org
  67. ^ Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
  68. ^ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian
  69. ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. m/s. 196. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)
  70. ^ Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief
  71. ^ Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website
  72. ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Government testimony (PDF)
  73. ^ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross biography on his website
  74. ^ "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-10-13. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  75. ^ Malika Oufkir: the American Making of a Moroccan Star
  76. ^ Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith
  77. ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. m/s. 4. ISBN 0340806966. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)
  78. ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
  79. ^ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. m/s. 94. ISBN 0264664175. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)
  80. ^ TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT
  81. ^ Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat Aug 11, [3]
  82. ^ Dina and Maher El-Gohary, Persecuted Coptic Christians Ask Obama for Help [4]
  83. ^ Nagla al-Imam, Egyptian convert to Christianity, sings about religious persecution, [5]
  84. ^ "Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2020-05-21. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  85. ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
  86. ^ Gulshan Esther, Alistair Mark Dean, Thelma Sangster, The Torn Veil: The Best-selling Story of Gulshan Esther, Zondervan (1992), pg.46, ISBN 0-551-01153-X
  87. ^ Marriages of the Holy Prophet
  88. ^ "The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-07-15. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  89. ^ Constantine the African
  90. ^ Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)
  91. ^ Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)
  92. ^ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3.
  93. ^ "Jailed '93 WTC bomber claims he's now a Christian". New York Daily News. October 12, 2007. Unknown parameter |authro= ignored (bantuan)
  94. ^ "My Trip to SuperMax". CBS News. October 14, 2007. Dicapai pada 2009-05-31. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)
  95. ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. m/s. 84. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)
  96. ^ "Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-01-12. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  97. ^ Petre, Jonathan (2005-10-08). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". Telegraph. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-03-11. Dicapai pada 2007-08-04. the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= dan |coauthors= (bantuan)
  98. ^ Rudnytsky, Peter L.(1987). Essays in modern Ukrainian history. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 186
  99. ^ Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani, p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu – "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."
  100. ^ a b Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. p. 86
  101. ^ "Benin's new president announced". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-11-16. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  102. ^ "A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims". Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-06. Dicapai pada 2007-08-17.
  103. ^ Joseph Patrich, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church, Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 90-429-0976-5, Google Print, p. 157.
  104. ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, M1 Google Print, pp. 223 Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
  105. ^ Schwaner, Birgit (2007-06-01). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit" (dalam bahasa German). Weiner Zeitung. Dicapai pada 2008-01-19. He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= dan |coauthors= (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  106. ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
  107. ^ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
  108. ^ Canal Sánchez-Pagín; Montaner Frutos; Palencia; Salazar y Acha
  109. ^ "salinan arkib". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-17. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
  110. ^ Mondial : ces joueurs de foot ont la foi !, Benoît Fidelin, Pèlerin N° 6654, 10 June 2010
  111. ^ FAITH UNDER FIRE - Descendant of Muhammad converts to Christianity - But faces threat to life if forced to return to Turkey
  112. ^ Norge IDAG - Norwegian language newspaper - Friday May 7, 2010
  113. ^ Brad Biggs (May 20, 2005 Friday). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 148.
  114. ^ http://www.shvoong.com/books/389356-search
  115. ^ Iranian Muslim converts to Judaism
  116. ^ Avni, Idan (2006-09-14). "A righteous man from Hizbullah land". YNetNews. Dicapai pada 2006-12-17.
  117. ^ a b Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. m/s. 270–271. ISBN 0853981523.
  118. ^ Momen, Moojan (2002-03-04). "Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, Mirza". Dicapai pada 2007-02-19.
  119. ^ 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1997) [1915]. Memorials of the Faithful (ed. Softcover). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0877432422.
  120. ^ a b c d e f Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. m/s. 268–270. ISBN 0853981523. Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah, nama "Balyuzi" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza
  121. ^ a b Interview with Rushdie by Gigi Marzullo; Sottovoce, RAIUNO, March 31, 2006.
  122. ^ http://abdullahsameer.com/blog/about/
  123. ^ Craig Whitlock (November 11, 2005). "For Public Figures in Netherlands, Terror Becomes a Personal Concern". The Washington Post.
  124. ^ R.A.Berman, Freedom or Terror: Europe Faces Jihad (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press 2010.
  125. ^ "Raising Questions Within Islam After France Shooting". The New York Times. 9 January 2015.
  126. ^ "I was born in a very much conservative Muslim family wherein my parents, kith and kin are very strict followers of Islam., but later I became an atheist." Owner of Society Of Asian Freethinkers Diarkibkan 2013-01-21 di Wayback Machine, Sharif Ahmed, Listed activist of Amnesty International's megazine.
  127. ^ Freethought Traditions in the Islamic World Diarkibkan Februari 14, 2012, di Wayback Machine by Fred Whitehead.
  128. ^ Kate Hodal (3 May 2012). "Indonesia's atheists face battle for religious freedom". The Guardian. Dicapai pada 13 April 2018.
  129. ^ Abdul-Jubbar, Kareem. "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar on Two Books About Muslim Identity". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 19 April 2018.
  130. ^ "Comoros & Mayotte". Statraveluk.lonelyplanet.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada August 19, 2006. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  131. ^ The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Ayatollah, and the West by Daniel Pipes, p. 283.
  132. ^ Interview with Arifur Rahman on Being an Atheist in Bangladesh
  133. ^ The Angry Arab News Service comments from her blog
  134. ^ Between disparate worlds: On California State University professor As'ad AbuKhalil Diarkibkan 2008-03-21 di Wayback Machine (1: "...who is also an atheist..." 2: "My Sunni family of my mother taught me how to pray").
  135. ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "'I have to help the people of Bangladesh' | Globalization | DW | 22.04.2014". DW.COM. Dicapai pada 2017-06-01. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (bantuan)
  136. ^ a b Alison Bevege (27 July 2017). "Richard Dawkins Celebrated by Activists and Ex-Muslims at London Conference for Free Expression". Quillette. Dicapai pada 13 April 2018.
  137. ^ "Dutch article link: 'Ik geloof niet meer'". Elsevier.nl. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.[pautan mati kekal]
  138. ^ "جراتِ تحقیق - ہمتِ کفر ملے جراتِ تحقیق ملے". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-08-29. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  139. ^ "Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan".
  140. ^ "Blasphemy crackdown: FIA arrests 2 suspects from Karachi".
  141. ^ "42 Christians told 'to convert to Islam or face death penalty'". 31 March 2017.
  142. ^ Pace, Eric (July 7, 1995). "Aziz Nesin of Turkey Dies at 80; Writer Escaped Militants' Arson". The New York Times. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.
  143. ^ Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". Time. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-05-02. Dicapai pada September 26, 2008. My father was almost entirely absent from my childhood, having been divorced from my mother when I was 2 years old; in any event, although my father had been raised a Muslim, by the time he met my mother he was a confirmed atheist, thinking religion to be so much superstition.
  144. ^ "SIS spying on mosques revealed". The Sunday Star-Times. Dicapai pada April 14, 2011.
  145. ^ "Ex-militant's home searched in Auckland". The Dominion Post. Dicapai pada April 14, 2011.
  146. ^ https://freethoughtblogs.com/arun/2016/09/17/ex-muslim-atheist-leader-faces-death-threat-in-india/
  147. ^ Kamm, Henry (1993, June 10). 'Hallelujah' is heard in the arch-atheist's temple. The New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast)), p. A4. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from National Newspaper Abstracts
  148. ^ Gazeta Shqip (11 September 2014). "Myslimanët shqiptarë, "në anën e gabuar të historisë"".
  149. ^ Borenstein, David (October 2, 2015). "Crowdsourcing for Human Rights". The New York Times.
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