Sukan Dunia
Sukan Dunia (bahasa Inggeris: The World Games[1]) ialah acara pelbagai sukan antarabangsa yang terdiri daripada sukan dan disiplin sukan yang tidak dipertandingkan dalam Sukan Olimpik. Ia biasanya diadakan setiap empat tahun, satu tahun selepas Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas, selama 11 hari. Sukan Dunia ditadbir oleh Persatuan Permainan Dunia Antarabangsa, di bawah naungan Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa.
Edisi pertama | 1981 – Santa Clara, California, Amerika Syarikat |
---|---|
Diadakan pada setiap | 4 tahun |
Edisi terakhir | 2022 – Birmingham, Alabama, Amerika Syarikat |
Edisi seterusnya | 2025 – Chengdu, China |
Kegunaan | Untuk menjalankan acara pelbagai sukan untuk sukan dan disiplin yang tidak dipertandingkan dalam Sukan Olimpik |
Laman sesawang | The World Games |
Edisi pertama Sukan Dunia telah diadakan di Santa Clara, Amerika Syarikat, pada tahun 1981, dan edisi kesebelas telah diadakan di Birmingham, Amerika Syarikat dari 7 hingga 17 Julai 2022. Edisi semasa pada asalnya bertujuan untuk diadakan pada 2021, tetapi ditangguhkan satu tahun kerana pandemik COVID-19 .
Edisi
sunting
Tahun | Edisi | Tuan rumah | Dibuka oleh | Sukan rasmi |
Sukan jemputan |
Acara pingat |
Negara | Tarikh | Atlet | Pegawai | Negara terbaik | Negara pingat tebanyak |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | 1 | Amerika Syarikat, Santa Clara | Kim Un-yong | 15 | 1[a 1] | 104 | 58 | 25 Julai – 2 Ogos 1981 | 1400 (est)[3] | 293 | Amerika Syarikat | Amerika Syarikat |
1985 | 2 | United Kingdom, London | Charles Palmer | 20 | 1 | 134 | 51 | 25 Julai – 4 Ogos 1985 | 1410 | 333 | Itali | Itali |
1989 | 3 | Jerman, Karlsruhe | Juan Antonio Samaranch | 18 | 2 | 103 | 50 | 20 – 30 Julai 1989 | 1359 | 285 | Itali | Jerman Barat |
1993 | 4 | Belanda, The Hague | Kevan Gosper | 21 | 4 | 160 | 67 | 21 Julai – 1 Ogos 1993 | 2026 | 418 | Jerman | Jerman |
1997 | 5 | Finland, Lahti | Juan Antonio Samaranch | 20 | 6 | 164 | 60 | 7 – 11 Ogos 1997 | 2016 | 430 | Amerika Syarikat | Amerika Syarikat |
2001 | 6 | Jepun, Akita | Toyama Atsuko | 22 | 5 | 170 | 80 | 16 – 26 Ogos 2001 | 2380 | 591 | Rusia | Rusia |
2005 | 7 | Jerman, Duisburg | Otto Schily | 26 | 6 | 178 | 93 | 14 – 24 Julai 2005 | 3149 | 638 | Rusia | Rusia Jerman |
2009 | 8 | Taipei Cina[a 2], Kaohsiung | Ma Ying-jeou | 25 | 5 | 155 | 84 | 16 – 26 Julai 2009 | 2908 | 636 | Rusia | Rusia |
2013 | 9 | Colombia, Cali | Angelino Garzón | 26 | 4 | 194 | 91 | 25 Julai – 4 Ogos 2013 | 3103 | 682 | Itali | Rusia |
2017 | 10 | Poland, Wrocław | Thomas Bach | 27 | 4 | 219 | 102 | 20 – 30 Julai 2017 | 3430 | 856 | Rusia | Rusia |
2022 | 11 | Amerika Syarikat, Birmingham | Randall Woodfin | 30 | 5[4] | 223[5][6][7][8][9] | 108 | 7 – 17 Julai 2022 | 3633 | Jerman | Itali | |
2025 | 12 | Republik Rakyat China, Chengdu |
- ^ Program sukan jemputan tidak wujud untuk Sukan Dunia 1981. Liputan akhbar tidak merujuk kepada polo air sebagai sukan jemputan. Persetujuan telah dicapai dengan FINA menjelang temasya itu untuk tidak membenarkan atlet polo air wanita berarak dalam upacara pembukaan, untuk meredakan rasa tidak senang Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa (IOC) kerana ia dimasukkan ke dalam program.[2]
- ^ Republik China (Taiwan) diiktiraf sebagai Taipei Cina oleh Persatuan Sukan Dunia Antarabangsa dan majoriti organisasi antarabangsa yang disertainya kerana pertimbangan politik dan hubungan Rentas Selat dengan Republik Rakyat China.
Acara sukan
suntingSukan | Rasmi | Pilihan | Kemasukan dalam sukan Olimpik |
---|---|---|---|
Aikido | 1989–2005 | ||
Air sports | Parachuting: 1997–, [: 2013, Aerobatics: 2017, Paramotoring: 2017, Drone racing: 2022 |
||
Sukan memanah | Field: 1985–, Target: 2017– | ||
Bola sepak Amerika | 2005, 2017, 2022[b 1] | Pertunjukan: 1932 | |
Badminton | 1981 | 1992– | |
Besbol – Sotbol | Baseball: 1981, Softball (men): 1981, Softball (women): 1981–85, 2022 |
Softball: 2009–2013 | Besbol: 1992–2008, 2020, Sofbol: 1996–2008, 2020 |
Baton twirling | 1993 | ||
Billiards sports | Carom billiards, Pool, Snooker: 2001– | ||
Bodybuilding | 1981–2009 | ||
Baling bumerang[10] | 1989[10] | ||
Boules sports | Petanque: 1985–, Lyonnaise: 2001–, Raffa: 2009–2017 | Lyonnaise: 1997 | |
Bowling | Ten pin: 1981–, Nine pin: 2005 | Pertunjukan: 1988 | |
Lumba kanu | Canoe polo: 2005–, Marathon: 2022 | Maraton: 2013 | |
Casting | 1981–1985, 1993–2005 | ||
Cycling | Artistic: 1989, Cycle ball: 1989 | ||
Dancesport | 1997– | ||
Lumba perahu naga | 2005–2009 | ||
Lagak berkuda | Vaulting: 1993 | Vaulting: 1920 | |
Finswimming | 1981– | ||
Fistball | 1985– | ||
Floorball | 2017– | 1997 | |
Flying disc | Ultimate: 2005–, Disc golf: 2001 | Ultimate: 1989[10] | |
Gateball | 2001 | ||
Gimnastik[b 2] | Trampoline: 1981–, Tumbling: 1981–, Acrobatic: 1993–, Aerobic: 1997–, Rhythmic: 2001–, Parkour: 2022 |
Trampolin: 2000– | |
Bola tangan | Beach: 2013– | Beach: 2001–2009 | |
Hoki | Field, indoor: 2005 | ||
Ju-jitsu | Duo: 1997–, Fighting: 1997–, Ne-waza: 2013– | ||
Karate | Kata: 1981– , Kumite: 1981– | 2020 | |
Kickboxing | 2022 | 2017 | |
Korfball | 1985– | Pertunjukan: 1920, 1928 | |
Lacrosse | Women's: 2017, Women's 6v6: 2022 | Men's 6v6: 2022 | Pertunjukan (men's): 1928, 1932, 1948 |
Lifesaving | Pool: 1985–, Beach: 2001–2009, Combined team races: 2001–2009 | ||
Military pentathlon | 1997 | ||
Minigolf | 1989 | ||
Motorcycling | Motocross: 1985, Speedway: 1985, 2017, Dalaman trial: 2005 |
||
Muaythai | 2017– | ||
Bola jaring | 1985–1993 | ||
Orienteering | 2001– | ||
Bola sarang/ Pessäpallo | 1997 | Pertunjukan: 1952 | |
Powerlifting | 1981– | ||
Racquetball | 1981–85, 1993, 2009–2013, 2022 | ||
Roller sports | Artistic: 1981–, Roller Hockey: 1981–1993, 2001, Inline Hockey: 2005–, Speedskating: 1981– | Pertunjukan (roller hockey): 1992 | |
Rowing | Dalaman: 2017 | ||
Ragbi | Sevens: 2001–2013 | Sevens: 2016– | |
Sambo | 1985, 1993 | ||
Sport climbing | 2005– | 2020 | |
Skuasy | 1997, 2005– | ||
Sumo | 2005– | 2001 | |
Taekwondo | 1981–1993 | 2000– | |
Tchoukball | 2009 | ||
Triatlon | 1993 | 1989,[10] Biatlon: 2013, 2022 | Triatlon: 2000– |
Tarik tali | Luar: 1981–, Dalaman: 2005–2017 | Dalaman: 1993–2001 | |
Bola tampar | Beach: 1993 | Beach: 1996– | |
Polo air | Women's: 1981[b 3] | Women's: 2000– | |
Ski air | 1981–, Barefoot: 1997–2009, Wakeboard: 2001–, Cable wakeboard: 2005 | Barefoot: 1993 | Pertunjukan: 1972 |
Angkat berat | Women's: 1997 | Women's: 2000– | |
Wheelchair rugby | Low point: 2022 | ||
Wushu | Sanda, Taolu: 2009–2013, Taolu: 2022 |
Jadual pingat keseluruhan
suntingSehingga Sukan Dunia 2022 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
Kedudukan | Negara | Emas | Perak | Gangsa | Jumlah |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Itali[a] | 166 | 171 | 153 | 490 |
2 | Jerman[c] | 162 | 118 | 156 | 436 |
3 | Amerika Syarikat[b] | 161 | 137 | 115 | 413 |
4 | Rusia[d] | 137 | 110 | 72 | 319 |
5 | Perancis | 114 | 116 | 121 | 351 |
6 | China | 78 | 59 | 29 | 166 |
7 | Great Britain[b][e] | 65 | 65 | 95 | 225 |
8 | Jepun | 65 | 49 | 65 | 179 |
9 | Ukraine[f] | 58 | 59 | 54 | 171 |
10 | Sepanyol | 47 | 49 | 49 | 145 |
11 | Sweden[e] | 44 | 44 | 55 | 143 |
12 | Belanda | 43 | 45 | 54 | 142 |
13 | Belgium | 42 | 42 | 46 | 130 |
14 | Korea Selatan | 42 | 24 | 30 | 96 |
15 | Colombia | 38 | 50 | 32 | 120 |
16 | Australia | 36 | 55 | 48 | 139 |
17 | Taipei Cina | 31 | 39 | 37 | 107 |
18 | Hungary[g] | 27 | 21 | 32 | 80 |
19 | Kanada | 26 | 29 | 41 | 96 |
20 | Switzerland | 25 | 34 | 20 | 79 |
21 | Denmark | 24 | 12 | 16 | 52 |
22 | Poland | 18 | 20 | 30 | 68 |
23 | Austria | 17 | 23 | 21 | 61 |
24 | Brazil[f] | 17 | 13 | 18 | 48 |
25 | Norway | 16 | 20 | 34 | 70 |
26 | Kesatuan Soviet[d] | 15 | 13 | 8 | 36 |
27 | Bulgaria | 15 | 4 | 11 | 30 |
28 | Belarus | 14 | 8 | 27 | 49 |
29 | Mexico | 12 | 11 | 18 | 41 |
30 | Finland[h] | 11 | 23 | 24 | 58 |
31 | Republik Czech | 11 | 17 | 22 | 50 |
32 | New Zealand | 11 | 15 | 11 | 37 |
33 | Mesir | 8 | 15 | 19 | 42 |
34 | Thailand | 8 | 13 | 8 | 29 |
35 | Slovenia | 7 | 13 | 11 | 31 |
36 | Afrika Selatan | 7 | 11 | 18 | 36 |
37 | Israel | 7 | 4 | 11 | 22 |
38 | Croatia | 6 | 9 | 8 | 23 |
39 | Portugal | 6 | 8 | 12 | 26 |
40 | Slovakia | 6 | 7 | 9 | 22 |
41 | Kazakhstan | 6 | 4 | 7 | 17 |
42 | Yunani | 5 | 11 | 7 | 23 |
43 | Argentina | 5 | 9 | 16 | 30 |
44 | Venezuela | 5 | 9 | 12 | 26 |
45 | Romania | 5 | 9 | 4 | 18 |
46 | Indonesia | 5 | 4 | 7 | 16 |
47 | Vietnam | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
48 | Chile | 4 | 7 | 5 | 16 |
49 | Lithuania | 4 | 5 | 8 | 17 |
50 | Mongolia | 4 | 5 | 3 | 12 |
51 | Malaysia | 4 | 2 | 6 | 12 |
52 | Serbia | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
53 | Filipina | 3 | 5 | 5 | 13 |
54 | Ireland | 3 | 4 | 5 | 12 |
55 | Estonia | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
56 | Turki | 3 | 3 | 12 | 18 |
57 | Emiriah Arab Bersatu | 3 | 2 | 7 | 12 |
58 | Azerbaijan | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
59 | Fiji | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Moldova | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
61 | Iran[h] | 2 | 9 | 4 | 15 |
62 | Maghribi | 2 | 4 | 5 | 11 |
63 | Singapura | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
64 | Bosnia dan Herzegovina | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
65 | Algeria | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
66 | Kemboja | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
67 | Hong Kong | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 |
68 | Luxembourg | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
69 | Uzbekistan | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
70 | Qatar[f] | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
71 | Ecuador | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
72 | India | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
73 | Peru | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
74 | Brunei | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Guatemala | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
76 | Arab Saudi | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Costa Rica | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
78 | Republik Dominika | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
79 | Jordan | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
80 | Kepulauan Virgin A.S. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
81 | Czechoslovakia | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
82 | Bahrain | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
83 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
84 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Madagaskar | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
86 | Latvia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Liechtenstein | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
San Marino | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
89 | Montenegro | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
90 | Jamaica | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
91 | Bahamas | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Bolivia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
El Salvador | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
FR Yugoslavia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Georgia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Kuwait | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Monaco | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Nigeria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Pakistan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Panama | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Tunisia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Jumlah (101 negara) | 1746 | 1716 | 1816 | 5278 |
- ^ The results from the 2001 World Games are from the archived website of the Akita, Japan, organizing committee.[12][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]
- ^ a b The 1997 bronze medalists in aerobics mixed pair were from Great Britain, not United States as stated in IWGA source.[31]
- ^ In 2017, Germany was stripped of a gold medal in women's bowling for doping. This table reflects the reallocation of medals for that event.[32]
- ^ a b The Soviet Union, which amassed 36 total medals in 1989, is counted separately from its successor states, including Russia. This is consistent with the separate counting of medals for other states that sub-divided into their constituent successor states following their initial participation in the World Games. These include Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic and Slovakia) and FR Yugoslavia (2001)/SUSM (2005) (Serbia and Montenegro).
- ^ a b The 1981 mixed badminton title was won by a pair of players from Sweden and Great Britain. Both nations are counted as having won a gold medal.
- ^ a b c In 2009, Ukraine was stripped of two gold medals in bodybuilding for doping, and Qatar and Brazil were each stripped of a silver medal. This table does not include those stripped medals, and neither does it include possible reallocation of those medals, as the results at the World Games website do not reflect a reallocation.[13]
- ^ In 2009 and 2013, Hungary was stripped of a gold medal and a silver medal, respectively, in sumo for doping. This table reflects the reallocation of medals for these two events.[13][14][15]
- ^ a b The 1993 bronze medalist in men's 75kg karate kumite was from Iran, not Finland as stated in IWGA source.[33]
Nota
sunting- ^ Flag football, a non-tackle discipline of American football
- ^ Gymnastics disciplines at The World Games are not those contested at the Olympics.
- ^ An invitational sport programme did not exist for the 1981 World Games. Press coverage did not refer to water polo as an invitational sport. An agreement was reached with FINA in the lead-up to the games not to allow women's water polo athletes to march in the opening ceremony, to assuage the displeasure of the International Olympic Committee for its being included in the programme.[2]
Rujukan
sunting- ^ "Media Information". International World Games Association. Dicapai pada 13 Mei 2021.
- ^ a b Berkow, Ira (28 July 1981). "Unheralded Sports Exert a Pull, Too". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 2015-10-25.
- ^ Sargis, Joe (3 Ogos 1981). "For the real sports fan, the name of the..." United Press International.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamainvite
- ^ "Detailed sports programme published". www.theworldgames.org. Dicapai pada 2020-07-07.Nota: Dokumen ini menyatakan 207 acara rasmi, yang, bagaimanapun, termasuk lacrosse lelaki, acara jemputan.
- ^ "The World Games 2022 Birmingham Partners with NFL, Adds Flag Football". twg2022.com. 15 Julai 2020. Dicapai pada 2020-08-06.
- ^ "Introduction to Wheelchair Rugby". iwrf.com. Persekutuan Ragbi Kerusi Roda Antarabangsa. Dicapai pada 2021-05-31.
Wheelchair Rugby is a mixed team sport for male and female quadriplegic athletes. ... Men and women compete on the same teams and in the same competitions.
- ^ "Meet Duathlon – the little sibling of Triathlon". theworldgames.org. International World Games Association. 27 Nov 2020. Dicapai pada 2021-05-31.
At The World Games 2022 in Birmingham, Alabama, USA, 40 female and 40 male Duathlon athletes will compete in individual competitions as well as in Mixed Relay.
- ^ "Wushu Included as an Invitational Sport in The World Games 2022 in Birmingham, USA". iwuf.org. International Wushu Federation. 22 Sep 2020. Dicapai pada 2021-05-29.
- ^ a b c d "THE WORLD GAMES CONTINUE TO GROW!". TheWorldGames.org. IWGA. 2019. Dicapai pada 2021-07-14.
(In 1989) Aikido and Minigolf were presented as invitational sports, and Triathlon, Boomerang and Flying Disc were among the demonstration sports. This was the first time there were sports demonstrations at The World Games.
- ^ "Results of the World Games". International World Games Association. Dicapai pada 2015-10-26.
- ^ a b "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Results/". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-06-18. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ a b c "2009 Kaohsiung: Doping Violations". International World Games Association. Dicapai pada 2017-11-12.
- ^ a b "The World Games 2009 Kaosiung". International Sumo Federation. Dicapai pada 2017-11-12.
- ^ a b "International Sumo Federation – World Games". Dicapai pada 2015-11-01.
- ^ "The World Games 2013 Cali Medal Tally". sportresult.com. Dicapai pada 2015-10-26.
- ^ "World Games I Results". United Press International. 29 July 1981.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Karate/Sparring/Open weight/Men August 18-19 / Tenno Town Gymnasium, Tenno Town, Japan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-12-15. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Karate/Sparring/-60kg/Women/ August 18-19 / Tenno Town Gymnasium, Tenno Town, Japan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-04-15. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Life Saving/Point Race/". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-20. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Life Saving/Surf/Rescue Bord Rescue Race". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-11-02. Dicapai pada 2019-10-04.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Life Saving/Surf/Rescue Tube Rescue Race". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-11-07. Dicapai pada 2019-10-04.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Life Saving/Pool/4x50m Obstacle Relay". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-04-15. Dicapai pada 2019-10-04.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Life Saving/Pool/4x25m Manikin Relay". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-04-15. Dicapai pada 2019-10-04.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Life Saving/Pool/4x50m Rescue Tube Relay". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-14. Dicapai pada 2019-10-04.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Sport Boules/Petanque/Women/Doubles/ August 17-19 / World Games Plaza, Akita City, Japan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-10. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Water Ski/Tournament/Men/ August 23-25 / Ogata Water Ski Course, Ogata Village, Japan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-08. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "WORLD GAMES AKITA, JAPAN". 2001-08-26. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Roller Skating/Speed/Point+elimination 15,000m/Men/ August 24-26 / Akita Prefectural Skating Rink, Akita City, Japan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-14. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "The 6th World Games 2001.8.16-26 Roller Skating/Speed/Elimination 20,000m/Men/ August 24-26 / Akita Prefectural Skating Rink, Akita City, Japan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-09. Dicapai pada 2018-02-03.
- ^ "DYBO Health & Fitness". Dicapai pada 2019-10-16.
... multi British Sports Aerobics champions Helen Carpenter-Waters and Alastair Rates who became GB’s only ever medallists at World level
- ^ Butler, Nick (5 July 2018). "Bowler, kickboxer and indoor rower stripped of World Games medals for doping". Inside the Games. Dunsar Media Company Limited. Dicapai pada 2019-10-22.
- ^ "Saeid Ashtian". Dicapai pada 2018-02-04.