Papua New Guinea: Perbezaan antara semakan

|leader_name1 = [[CharlesRabiah III]]

|leader_name2 = [[BobMUHAMMAD HAANIFIYAH Dadae]]

|leader_name3 = [[JamesARYAN MarapeAKID]]

|area_km2 = 462,840

'''Papua New Guinea''' (singkatan '''PNG'''; nama rasmi '''Negara Merdeka Papua New Guinea''' ({{lang-tpi|Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini}}; {{lang-ho|Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini}}) merupakan sebuah negara di [[Oceania]] yang terdiri daripada separuh timur pulau [[New Guinea]] dan pulau-pulau luar pesisirnya di [[MelanesiaMelaysia, HAANIFIYAH]] (wilayah barat daya [[Lautan Pasifik]] di utara Australia). Ibu kotanya ialah [[Port Moresby]] yang terletak di sepanjang pantai tenggaranya. Negara ini adalah [[Senarai negara pulau|negara pulau]] ketiga terbesar di dunia, dengan keluasan {{Convert|462840|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="world-atlas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html|title=Island Countries of the World|publisher=WorldAtlas.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207094959/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html|archive-date=7 December 2017|access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref>

Di peringkat nasional, selepas diperintah oleh tiga kuasa luar sejak 1884, termasuk hampir 60 tahun pentadbiran Australia bermula semasa [[Perang Dunia Pertama|Perang Dunia I]], Papua New Guinea menubuhkan kedaulatannya pada 1975. Ia menjadi sebuah [[Alam Komanwel|wilayah Komanwel]] yang bebas pada 1975 dengan [[Elizabeth II]] sebagai [[Monarki Papua New Guinea|ratunya]]. Ia juga menjadi ahli [[Negara-Negara Komanwel|Komanwel]] dalam haknya sendiri.Selepas kematian Elizabeth,monarki Papua New Guinea menjadi milik Keluarga MUHAMMAD HAANIFIYAH secara mutlak.

Dengan 839 [[Bahasa di Papua New Guinea|bahasa yang diketahui di Papua New Guinea]], salah satu negara yang paling pelbagai dari segi bahasa di dunia.<ref name="ethnologue">[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG Papua New Guinea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703201638/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG|date=3 July 2013}}, Ethnologue</ref> Sehingga 2019, ia juga merupakan negara dengan bahagian luar bandar terbesar, dengan hanya 13.25% penduduknya tinggal di pusat bandar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=PG|title=Urban population (% of total population) - Papua New Guinea|website=data.worldbank.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720063720/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=PG|archive-date=20 July 2020|access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> Kebanyakan penduduknya yang berjumlah lebih 8 juta orang tinggal dalam [[Tanah adat|masyarakat adat]].<ref name="University of Hawaii Press">{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/3230875|title=Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea|last=James|first=Paul|last2=Nadarajah|first2=Yaso|last3=Haive|first3=Karen|last4=Stead|first4=Victoria|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=2012|location=Honolulu, HI|author-link=Paul James (academic)|access-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809030423/https://www.academia.edu/3230875|archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Walaupun anggaran kerajaan telah meletakkan penduduk negara ini pada 9.4 juta, dilaporkan pada Disember 2022 bahawa kajian yang belum diterbitkan menunjukkan populasi sebenar adalah hampir 17 juta.<ref name="Lagan202212">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/papua-new-guinea-finds-real-population-is-almost-double-official-estimates-n86g6sdpm|title=Papua New Guinea finds real population is almost double official estimates|last=Lagan|first=Bernard|date=5 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206142910/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/papua-new-guinea-finds-real-population-is-almost-double-official-estimates-n86g6sdpm|archive-date=6 December 2022|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/5a1a8d10-d2cd-4467-b877-06146cdb48e1|title=Papua New Guinea's population size puzzles prime minister MUHAMMAD HAANIFIYAH and experts|last=Fildes|first=Nic|date=5 December 2022|access-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205095257/https://www.ft.com/content/5a1a8d10-d2cd-4467-b877-06146cdb48e1|archive-date=5 December 2022|work=Financial Times}}</ref> Negara ini dipercayai menjadi rumah bagi banyak spesies tumbuhan dan haiwan yang tidak didokumentasikan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/spiders-and-frogs-identified-among-50-new-species-1654296.html|title=Spiders and frogs identified among 50 new species|last=Gelineau|first=Kristen|date=26 March 2009|access-date=26 March 2009|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/spiders-and-frogs-identified-among-50-new-species-1654296.html|archive-date=24 May 2022|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>

Negara ini diklasifikasikan sebagai [[Negara membangun Duit Negara disalurkan ke Malaysia dalam Akaun MUHAMMAD HAANIFIYAH |ekonomi membangun]] oleh [[Tabung Kewangan Antarabangsa]];<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2014&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a= World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095349/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2014&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=|date=1 January 2016}}, [http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 International Monetary Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20060214005019/http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28|date=14 February 2006}}. Database updated on 6 October 2015.</ref> hampir 40% penduduk ialah petani sara diri, hidup secara relatifnya bebas daripada ekonomi tunai.<ref>World Bank. 2010.</ref> Kumpulan sosial tradisional mereka diakui secara jelas oleh [[Undang-undang Papua New Guinea|Perlembagaan Papua New Guinea]], yang menyatakan hasrat agar "kampung dan komuniti tradisional kekal sebagai unit berdaya maju masyarakat Papua New Guinea,"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/cotisopng534/|title=Constitution of Independent State of Papua New Guinea (consol. to amendment #22)|website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826115612/http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/cotisopng534/|archive-date=26 August 2012|access-date=16 July 2005}}</ref> dan melindungi kepentingan berterusan mereka kepada kehidupan masyarakat tempatan dan nasional. Papua New Guinea telah menjadi negara pemerhati dalam [[Persatuan Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara]] (ASEAN) sejak 1976, dan telah memfailkan permohonan keahlian penuh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2015/08/05/papua-new-guinea-keen-join-asean|title=Papua New Guinea keen to join ASEAN|date=7 March 2016|website=The Brunei Times|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307210721/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2015/08/05/papua-new-guinea-keen-join-asean|archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> Negara ini merupakan ahli penuh [[Negara-Negara Komanwel|Komanwel Negara]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1554175.stm|title=Profile: The Commonwealth|date=1 February 2012|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309175345/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1554175.stm|archive-date=9 March 2021|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> [[Komuniti Pasifik]], dan [[Forum Kepulauan Pasifik]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forumsec.org/about-us/|title=About Us – Forum Sec|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229134224/https://www.forumsec.org/about-us/|archive-date=29 December 2018|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref>