Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik: Perbezaan antara semakan
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'''Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik''' ({{lang-sv|'''Nobelpriset i fysik'''}}, {{lang-en|'''Nobel Prize in Physics'''}}) dianugerahkan setahun sekali oleh [[Akademi Sains Diraja Sweden]], sebagai salah satu dari lima [[Hadian Nobel]] yang ditubuhkan atas wasiat [[Alfred Nobel]] pada tahun 1895 dan dianugerahkan sejak tahun 1901; hadiah-hadiah lain ialah [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia]], [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan]], [[Hadiah Keamanan Nobel]], dan [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan]]. Hadiah Nobel pertama dalam bidang fizik dikurniakan kepada [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] yang berbangsa Jerman, "sebagai pengiktirafan kepada jasa luar biasa beliau melalui penemuan [[Sinar Röntgen|sinar-sinar]] luar biasa (atau sinar X)." Anugerah ini ditadbir oleh [[Yayasan Nobel]] dan dipandang ramai sebagai anugerah paling berprestij yang boleh diraih oleh mana-mana ahli sains yang menceburi bidang [[Fizik]]. Hadiah ini dipersembahkan di majlis penganugerahan tahunan pada setiap 10 Disember ([[ulang tahun]] pemergian Nobel) di kota [[Stockholm]].
== Pencalonan dan pemilihan ==
Selebih-lebihnya tiga orang Pemenang Nobel dan dua hasil usaha berlainan boleh dipilih untuk meraih Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik.<ref name=what>[http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/prize.html "What the Nobel Laureates Receive"], dicapai 1 November 2007.</ref> Proses pencalonan dan pemilihan pemenang Hadiah Nobel memakan masa yang lama dan banyak memerlukan penelitian berbanding hadiah-hadiah lain, oleh yang demikian Hadiah Nobel menjadi hadiah terpenting dalam bidang fizik.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-18050 "The Nobel Prize Selection Process"], ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]'', accessed November 5, 2007 ([[Flowchart]]).</ref>
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Anugerah dalam bidang kimia ini menekankan pentingnya pencapaian itu "bertahan lama", iaitu sela masa antara penemuan dan penganugerahan biasanya 20 tahun atau lebih lama lagi. Contohnya, separuh Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik 1983 dihadiahkan kepada [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] kerana kerjanya mengenai struktur dan evolusi bintang yang dijalankan pada 1930-an. Malangnya, bukan semua saintis boleh hidup cukup lama untuk menikmati pengiktirafan Nobel untuk pencapaian mereka, maka adanya penemuan sains yang tidak dapat dipertimbangkan untuk Hadiah Nobel gara-gara tokoh-tokohnya sudah meninggal dunia sebelum kesan usaha-usaha mereka direalisasikan. Sebelum tahun 1974, penganugerahan anumerta dibenarkan sekiranya penerimanya meninggal selepas dicalonkan.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/contact/faq/index.html FAQ nobelprize.org]</ref>
== Senarai penerima ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
Baris 24:
|-
|1901
|[[
|[[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]]
|[[Jerman]]
Baris 30:
|-
|rowspan=2|1902
|[[
|[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
|[[Belanda]]
|rowspan=2|"penyelidikan pengaruh [[magnetisme]] terhadap fenomena sinaran"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1902/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
| [[Pieter Zeeman]]
| Belanda
|-
|rowspan=3|1903
|[[
|[[Henri Becquerel|Antoine Henri Becquerel]]
| [[Perancis]]
|"penemuan [[keradioaktifan]] spontan oleh beliau"<ref name=N1903>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Pierre Curie]]
| Perancis
|rowspan=2|"penyelidikan bersama fenomena sinaran yang ditemui oleh Profesor [[Henri Becquerel]]"<ref name=N1903/>
|-
|[[
|[[Marie Curie]]
| Poland
|-
|1904
|[[
|[[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|John William Strutt]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
Baris 61:
|-
|1905
|[[
|[[Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard]]
| Jerman
Baris 67:
|-
|1906
|[[
|[[J. J. Thomson|Joseph John Thomson]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 73:
|-
|1907
|[[
|[[Albert Abraham Michelson]]
| [[Amerika Syarikat]]
Baris 79:
|-
|1908
|[[
|[[Gabriel Lippmann]]
| Perancis
Baris 85:
|-
|rowspan=2|1909
|[[
|[[Guglielmo Marconi]]
| [[Itali]]
|rowspan=2|"sumbangan kepada [[Penciptaan radio|pembangunan telegrafi wayarles]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Karl Ferdinand Braun]]
| Jerman
|-
|1910
|[[
|[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
| Belanda
Baris 101:
|-
|1911
|[[
|[[Wilhelm Wien]]
| Jerman
Baris 107:
|-
|1912
|[[
|[[Gustaf Dalén|Nils Gustaf Dalén]]
| [[Sweden]]
Baris 113:
|-
|1913
|[[
|[[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes|Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes]]
| Belanda
Baris 119:
|-
|1914
|[[
|[[Max von Laue]]
| Jerman
Baris 125:
|-
|rowspan=2|1915
|[[
|[[William Henry Bragg]]
| United Kingdom
|rowspan=2|"khidmat mereka dalam analisa [[struktur hablur]] melalui sinar X"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1915/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[William Lawrence Bragg]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 138:
|-
|1917
|[[
|[[Charles Glover Barkla]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 144:
|-
|1918
|[[
|[[Max Planck]]
| Jerman
Baris 150:
|-
|1919
|[[
|[[Johannes Stark]]
| Jerman
Baris 156:
|-
|1920
|[[
|[[Charles Édouard Guillaume]]
| [[Switzerland]]
Baris 162:
|-
|1921
|[[
|[[Albert Einstein]]
| Jerman<br />Switzerland
|"khidmatnya kepada Fizik Teori, dan khususnya kerana penemuan hukum [[kesan fotoelektrik]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|1922
|[[
|[[Niels Bohr]]
| [[Denmark]]
Baris 174:
|-
|1923
|[[
|[[Robert Andrews Millikan]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 180:
|-
|1924
|[[
|[[Manne Siegbahn]]
| Sweden
Baris 186:
|-
|rowspan=2|1925
|[[
|[[James Franck]]
| Jerman
|rowspan=2|"penemuan hukum-hukum impak [[elektron]] terhadap atom"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1925/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Gustav Ludwig Hertz|Gustav Hertz]]
|Jerman
|-
|1926
|[[
|[[Jean Baptiste Perrin]]
| Perancis
Baris 202:
|-
|rowspan=2|1927
|[[
|[[Arthur Compton|Arthur Holly Compton]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|"penemuan [[Serak Compton|kesan yang dinamakan sempena beliau]]"<ref name=N1927>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1927/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 213:
|-
|1928
|[[
|[[Owen Willans Richardson]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 219:
|-
|1929
|[[
|[[Louis de Broglie|Putera Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie]]
| Perancis
Baris 225:
|-
|1930
|[[
|[[C. V. Raman|Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]]
|[[India]]
Baris 234:
|-
|1932
|[[
|[[Werner Heisenberg]]
| Jerman
Baris 240:
|-
|rowspan=2|1933
|[[
|[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
| [[Austria]]
|rowspan=2|"penemuan bentuk-bentuk baru [[teori atom]] yang produktif"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Paul Dirac]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 253:
|-
|1935
|[[
|[[James Chadwick]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 259:
|-
|rowspan=2|1936
|[[
|[[Victor Francis Hess]]
| Austria
|"penemuan [[
|-
|[[
|[[Carl David Anderson]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 270:
|-
|rowspan=2|1937
|[[
|[[Clinton Davisson|Clinton Joseph Davisson]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"penemuan [[belauan elektron]] oleh kristal melalui uji kaji"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1937/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[George Paget Thomson]]
| United Kingdom
|-
|1938
|[[
|[[Enrico Fermi]]
| Itali
Baris 286:
|-
|1939
| [[
|[[Ernest Lawrence]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 301:
|-
|1943
|[[
|[[Otto Stern]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 307:
|-
|1944
|[[
|[[Isidor Isaac Rabi]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 313:
|-
|1945
|[[
|[[Wolfgang Ernst Pauli|Wolfgang Pauli]]
| Austria
Baris 325:
|-
|1947
|[[
|[[Edward Victor Appleton]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 331:
|-
|1948
|[[
|[[Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett|Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 343:
|-
|1950
|[[
|[[Cecil Frank Powell]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 349:
|-
|rowspan=2|1951
|[[
|[[John Cockcroft|John Douglas Cockcroft]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 359:
|-
|rowspan=2|1952
|[[
|[[Felix Bloch]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"pembangunan kaedah-kaedah baru untuk penyukatan persis magnetik nuklear dan penemuan-penemuan yang berkaitan"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1952/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Edward Mills Purcell]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|1953
|[[
|[[Frits Zernike]]
| Belanda
Baris 375:
|-
|rowspan=2|1954
|[[
|[[Max Born]]
| United Kingdom
Baris 386:
|-
|rowspan=2|1955
|[[
|[[Willis Eugene Lamb]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|"penemuan berkaitan [[struktur halus]] spektrum hidrogen"<ref name="N55">{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1955/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Polykarp Kusch]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 406:
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|[[
|[[William Shockley|William Bradford Shockley]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=2|1957
|[[
|[[Tsung-Dao Lee]]
| {{nowrap|[[Republik China]]}}
|rowspan=2|"penyelidikan mendalam mengenai apa yang dikenali sebagai [[penentangan pariti|hukum pariti]] yang membawa kepada penemuan penting mengenai [[zarah asas]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1957/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Chen Ning Yang]]
| Republik China
Baris 433:
|-
|rowspan=2|1959
|[[
|[[Owen Chamberlain]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"penemuan [[antiproton]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1959/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Emilio G. Segrè|Emilio Gino Segrè]]
| Itali
|-
|1960
|[[
|[[Donald A. Glaser|Donald Arthur Glaser]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 470:
|"sumbangannya kepada teori nukleus atom dan zarah-zarah asas, khususnya melalui penemuan dan aplikasi prinsip-prinsip simetri asas"<ref name=N63>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1963/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
||[[
|[[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"kerana penemuan berkenaan struktur petala nuklear"<ref name=N63/>
|-
|[[
|[[J. Hans D. Jensen]]
| Jerman Barat
Baris 498:
|rowspan=3|"kerja asas dalam bidang [[elektrodinamik kuantum]] yang membawa kepentingan mendalam untuk bidang fizik zarah asas"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Julian Schwinger]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|[[
|[[Sin-Itiro Tomonaga]]
| Jepun
Baris 513:
|-
|1967
|[[
|[[Hans Bethe|Hans Albrecht Bethe]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 519:
|-
|1968
|[[
|[[Luis Walter Alvarez]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 525:
|-
|1969
|[[
|[[Murray Gell-Mann]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 597:
|-
|rowspan=2|1976
|[[
|[[Burton Richter]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 607:
|-
|rowspan=3|1977
|[[
|[[Philip Warren Anderson]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 621:
|-
|rowspan=3|1978
|[[
|[[Pyotr Kapitsa|Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa]]
| Kesatuan Soviet
|"ciptaan dan penemuan asas dalam bidang fizik suhu rendah"<ref name=N78>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Arno Allan Penzias]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"penemuan [[sinaran latar gelombang mikro asas]]"<ref name=N78/>
|-
|[[
|[[Robert Woodrow Wilson]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=3|1979
|[[
|[[Sheldon Lee Glashow]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 645:
| [[Pakistan]]
|-
|[[
|[[Steven Weinberg]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=2|1980
|[[
|[[James Cronin|James Watson Cronin]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 660:
|-
|rowspan=3|1981
|[[
|[[Nicolaas Bloembergen]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"sumbangan mereka kepada pembangunan spektroskopi laser"<ref name=N81>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1981/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 681:
|-
|rowspan=2|1983
|[[
|[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 692:
|-
|rowspan=2|1984
|[[
|[[Carlo Rubbia]]
| Itali
Baris 702:
|-
|1985
|[[
|[[Klaus von Klitzing]]
| Jerman Barat
Baris 713:
|"kerja asas dalam bidang optik elektron, serta rekaan [[mikroskop elektron]] pertama"<ref name=N86>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Gerd Binnig]]
| Jerman Barat
|rowspan=2|"rekaan [[mikroskop penerowongan imbasan]]"<ref name=N86/>
|-
|[[
|[[Heinrich Rohrer]]
| Switzerland
Baris 728:
|rowspan=2| "pencapaian terpenting dalam penemuan [[kesuperkonduksian]] dalam bahan [[seramik]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1987/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Karl Alexander Müller]]
| Switzerland
|-
|rowspan=3|1988
|[[
|[[Leon M. Lederman|Leon Max Lederman]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 742:
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|[[
|[[Jack Steinberger]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 773:
|-
|1991
|[[
|[[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]]
| Perancis
Baris 795:
|-
|rowspan=2|1994
|[[
|[[Bertram Brockhouse]]
| Kanada
Baris 806:
|-
|rowspan=2|1995
|[[
|[[Martin Lewis Perl]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|"penemuan [[lepton tau]]" dan "sumbangan uji kaji perintis kepada bidang fizik [[lepton]]"<ref name=N95>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1995/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Frederick Reines]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 822:
|rowspan=3|"penemuan keadaan [[bendalir super]] dalam [[helium-3]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1996/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Douglas D. Osheroff]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 831:
|-
|rowspan=3|1997
|[[
|[[Steven Chu]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=3|"pembangunan kaedah-kaedah menyejukkan dan memerangkap atom dengan cahaya laser"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]]
| Perancis
|-
|[[
|[[William Daniel Phillips]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=3|1998
|[[
|[[Robert B. Laughlin]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=3|"penemuan bentuk bendalir kuantum yang baru yang boleh diujakan secara cas berperingkat"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1998/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Horst Ludwig Störmer]]
| Jerman
Baris 859:
|-
|rowspan=2|1999
|[[
|[[Gerardus 't Hooft]]
| Belanda
Baris 869:
|-
|rowspan=3|2000
|[[
|[[Zhores Alferov|Zhores Ivanovich Alferov]]
|[[Russia]]
Baris 884:
|-
|rowspan=3|2001
|rowspan=2|[[
|[[Eric Allin Cornell]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 892:
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|[[
|[[Wolfgang Ketterle]]
| Jerman
Baris 905:
| Jepun
|-
|[[
|[[Riccardo Giacconi]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 911:
|-
|rowspan=3|2003
|[[
|[[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]]
| Rusia<br />Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=3|"sumbangan perintis kepada teori [[superkonduktor]] dan bendalir super"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2003/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
Baris 921:
|-
|[[Anthony James Leggett]]
| United Kingdom<br />Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=3|2004
|[[
|[[David Gross|David J. Gross]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 933:
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|[[
|[[Frank Wilczek]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=3|2005
|[[
|[[Roy J. Glauber]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 948:
|rowspan=2|"sumbangan mereka kepada pembangunan [[stereoskopi]] persis berasaskan laser, termasuk teknik [[sikat frekuensi optik]]"<ref name=N05/>
|-
|[[
|[[Theodor W. Hänsch]]
| Jerman
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|[[
|[[John C. Mather]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan=2|"penemuan bentuk [[jasad hitam]] dan [[ketakisotropan]] [[sinaran latar gelombang mikro kosmik]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2006/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[George Smoot|George F. Smoot]]
| Amerika Syarikat
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|[[
|[[Albert Fert]]
| Perancis
|rowspan=2|"penemuan [[rintangan magnet gergasi]]"<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Peter Grünberg]]
| Jerman
|-
|rowspan="3"|2008
|[[
|[[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]]
| Jepun
|rowspan="2"|"penemuan asal-usul simetri terputus yang meramal kewujudan sekurang-kurangnya tiga famili kuark dalam alam"<ref name=N08>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html|accessdate=2008-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[
|[[Toshihide Maskawa]]
| Jepun
|-
|[[
|[[Yoichiro Nambu]]
| Amerika Syarikat
Baris 988:
|-
|rowspan="3"|2009
||[[
|[[Charles K. Kao]]
| China<br />United Kingdom
|"pencapaian perintis mengenai pancaran cahaya dalam [[gentian optik|gentian]] [[komunikasi optik]]"<ref name=N09>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/index.html|accessdate=2009-10-06}}</ref>
|-
|
|[[Willard S. Boyle]]
| Kanada<br />Amerika Syarikat
|rowspan="2"|"ciptaan litar [[semikonduktor]] imejan, iaitu [[peranti terganding cas|pengesan CCD]]"<ref name=N09/>
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{{refend}}
== Bacaan lanjut ==
* The politics of excellence, beyond the nobel prize; R. Friedman ; 2002
* Nobel Century: a biographical analysis of physics laureates, in Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, by Claus D. Hillebrand ; June 2002; No 2. p.87-93
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|3}}
== Pautan luar ==
{{commonscat|Nobel Prize in Physics winners}}
* [http://www.nobelprize.org Nobel Foundation] - Official site (source for all citations quoted)
* [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/ The Nobel Prize in Physics] - Direct link at official site to physics prizes
* [http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/physics/ Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics]
{{Nobel Prizes}}
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[[tr:Nobel Fizik Ödülü]]
[[uk:Список лауреатів Нобелівської премії в галузі фізики]]
[[yo:Ẹ̀bùn Nobel nínú Físíksì]]
[[zh:诺贝尔物理学奖]]
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