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Zaman Gangsa: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Bukti-bukti terawal tentang kerja logam gangsa wujud sejak pertengahan [[milenium ke-4 SM]] dalam [[budaya Maykop]] di [[Kaukasus]]. Dari situ, [[teknolog]] tersebar dengan pesat ke Timur Dekat dan selepas itu, ke [[Peradaban Lembah Indus]] (sila lihat [[Meluhha]]).▼
 
'''Zaman Gangsa''' ialah zaman [[prasejarah]] semasa orang membuat alat-alat daripada sejenis [[logam]] yang dipanggil [[gangsa]]. Gangsa ialah [[Aloi|pancalogam]] [[tembaga]] dengan sedikit [[timah]]. Ketika itu, [[kayu]], [[batu]], dan bahan-bahan lain juga dipergunakan untuk membuat alat-[[alat]], tetapi gangsa adalah jauh lebih baik untuk kegunaan memotong serta membelah, dan lebih mudah untuk dibentuk.
The Bronze Age is the prehistoric time period when people made tools from a metal called bronze. Bronze is a mixture of two other metals: a lot of copper and a little tin. Wood, stone and other materials were also used for tools, but bronze was better for cutting and chopping, and was easy to shape. The bronze age was not at same time everywhere, because different groups of people began to use bronze at different times. In Western Europe, the bronze age lasted from about 2000 BC until 800 BC. In the Middle East, it started about a thousand years earlier.
 
▲Bukti-bukti terawal tentang kerja logam gangsa wujud sejak pertengahan [[milenium ke-4 SM]] dalam [[budaya Maykop]] di [[Kaukasus]]. Dari situ, [[teknologteknologi]] tersebar dengan pesat ke Timur Dekat dan selepas itu, ke [[Peradaban Lembah Indus]] (sila lihat [[Meluhha]]).
Archaeologists think that people became more organised in the Bronze Age. This is because making metal tools was difficult and needed special skills. The people who had these new skills would have been important. Before the Bronze Age, in the Stone Age, people might have been more equal. The new metal tools were bought, sold, or traded across large distances.
 
Zaman Gangsa tidak terjadi pada masa yang sama di seluruh dunia kerana kelompok [[manusia]] yang berbeza memulakan penggunaan gangsa pada masa-masa yang berbeza. Di [[Eropah]] Barat, Zaman Gangsa berlangsung sejak [[abad ke-21 SM|2000 SM]] hingga [[800-an SM|800 SM]], dan di [[Timur Tengah]], Zaman Gangsa bermula seribu tahun lebih dahulu.
Later, when iron tools spread, the Bronze Age ended and the Iron Age started.
 
Ahli-ahli [[arkeologi]] mempercayai bahawa manusia menjadi lebih teratur pada Zaman Gangsa kerana membuat alat-alat logam adalah sesuatu kerja yang susah dan memerlukan kemahiran khas. Oleh itu, orang-orang yang mempunyai kemahiran baru ini dianggap sebagai orang yang penting. Kemudian, apabila alat-alat [[besi]] menjadi popular, Zaman Gangsa berakhir dan [[Zaman Besi]] bermula.
 
 
==Zaman Gangsa Timur Dekat==
Zaman Gangsa di Timur Dekat dibahagikan kepada tiga subzaman yang utama (tarikh-tarikh adalah tarikh hampiran sahaja):
The Bronze Age in the Near East is divided into three main periods (the dates are very approximate):
* EBA - EarlyZaman BronzeGangsa AgeAwal (ck.k. [[Abad ke-36 SM|3500]]-[[Abad ke-21 SM|2000 BCSM]])
* MBA - MiddleZaman BronzeGangsa AgePertengahan (ck.k. 2000-[[1600-an SM|1600 BCSM]])
* LBA - LateZaman BronzeGangsa AgeLewat (ck.k. 1600-[[1200-an SM|1200 BCSM]])
EachSetiap mainzaman periodutama canitu beboleh divideddibahagikan intolagi shorterkepada subcategoriessubkategori suchyang aslebih pendek, umpamanya EB I, EB II, MB IIa, dan etcsebagainya.
 
Metallurgy developed first in [[Anatolia]], modern [[Turkey]]. The mountains in the Anatolian highland possessed rich deposits of copper and tin. Copper was also mined in [[Cyprus]], [[Egypt]], the [[Negev]] desert, [[Iran]] and around the [[Persian Gulf]]. Copper was usually mixed with arsenic, yet the growing demand for tin resulted in the establishment of distant trade routes in and out of Anatolia. The precious copper was also imported by sea routes to the great kingdoms of [[Ancient Egypt]] and [[Mesopotamia]].
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Iron began to be worked already in Late Bronze Age Anatolia. The transition into the Iron Age c.1200 BC was more of a political change in the Near East rather than of new developments in metalworking.
 
==Zaman Gangsa IndiaeIndia==
Zaman Gangsa di [[subbenua India]] bermula di sekitar [[abad ke-34 SM|3300 SM]], dengan permulaan [[Peradaban Lembah Indus]].
The Bronze Age on the [[Indian subcontinent]] began around 3300 BC with the beginning of the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley civilization]].
 
==Zaman Gangsa Asia Timur==
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== Bibliografi ==
*Pernicka, E., G.A. Wagner, et aldll. "''Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the Northeast Aegean.''" indalam <u>''Troia and the troad: scientific approaches</u>''. Berlin, London: Springer; 2003. ppm.s. 143-172. ISBN 3-540-43711-8
 
== Pautan luar ==
* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Crete/4162/ WebIndeks indexweb BronzeZaman AgeGangsa indi EuropeEropah]
* [http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/nezafati%20et%20al/index.html AncientTimah tinkuno: oldSoalan questionlama, andjawapan a new answerbaru]
* [http://www.pretanicworld.com/Bronze_Age.html Laman web ''Pretanic World'': -Britain BronzeZaman Age BritainGangsa]
* [http://www.pretanicworld.com/Bronze_Age_Ireland.html Laman web ''Pretanic World'': -Ireland BronzeZaman Age IrelandGangsa]
 
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Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Gangsa"