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'''Yahudi Malaysia adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada orang-orang Yahudi yang tinggal di Malaysia, atau yang berasal dari negara ini. Sejumlah yang baik telah hidup secara terbuka di negeri Pulau Pinang sehingga ke arah akhir tahun 1970-an. Mereka juga pernah menduduki di tempat lain di negara, terutamanya di Negeri Sembilan dan Melaka. Yahudi Malaysia terdiri terutamanya dari keturunan Yahudi Sephardic dan Marrano di kalangan orang Kristang (Portugis keturunan Eurasia), [1] [2] Orang-orang Yahudi Oriental (yang majoritinya orang-orang Yahudi Baghdadi), orang-orang Yahudi Cochin India, dengan yang lain yang orang-orang Yahudi Ashkenazi dan mungkin orang-orang Yahudi Cina, yang melarikan diri dari Kaifeng, China, semasa Komunis mengambil alih tanah besar China dari Cina Nasionalis pada tahun 1949. [3]
== SejarahHistory ==
The first contact between Jews and the inhabitants of [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]] (later part of [[Malaysia]]) goes back to the 9th century A.D.AD on the riverbanks of the [[Bujang Valley]], and later well into the 18th Century A.D.AD in the cosmopolitan bazaars of Malacca. The presence of [[Sephardic]] Baghdadi Jews in Penang probably occurred inat the turn of the 19th century as the fledgling [[United Kingdom|British]] ruled [[entreport]] grew and attracted Jewish trading families like the [[Sassoon]]s and Meyers from India. There was also significant emigration of Jews from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] province of [[Baghdad Province, Ottoman Empire|Baghdad]] as a result of the persecutions of the Governorgovernor, [[Daud Pasha (mamluk)|Daud Pasha]], whose rule lasted from 1817 to 1831. <ref name="Raimy">{{cite paperjournal |last= |first= |author=Raimy Ché-Ross |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=A Penang Kaddish: The Jewish Cemetery in Georgetown -– A case study of the Jewish Diaspora in Penang (1830s-1970s1830s–1970s) |version= |pages= |publisher=The Penang Story – International Conference 2002 |date=April 2002 |url=http://www.penangstory.net.my/docs/Abs-RaimyCheRoss.doc |format=Word Document |id= |accessdate=2008-06-28 June 2008 }}</ref>.
The first Baghdadi Jew known by name to have settled in MalayaPenang was [[Ezekiel Aaron Menasseh]], who emigrated from [[Baghdad]] in [[1895]]. Menasseh claimed to have been the only practicing Jew in Malaya for 30 years until after [[World War I]], when a significant number of Baghdadi Jews began to settle in Malaya .<ref name="Journal-Jewish-Traveller">{{cite book |title=The Journal of a Jewish Traveller |last=Cohen |first=Israel |authorlink=http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101057107/ |coauthors= |year=1925 |publisher=John Lane & The Bodley Head Ltd |location=London |isbn= |pages=}}</ref>. Statistics from the similarsame period showed a somewhat different picture <ref>{{cite book |title=The History of Jews in Singapore (1830-19451830–1945) |last=Nathan |first=Ezekiel |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1986 |publisher=Herbilu Editorial & Marketing Services |location=Singapore |isbn=997184429X |page=173 }}</ref>:
{|class="wikitable" width="75%"
|+ General Census of Jewish settlers in Penang (1881-19411881–1941)
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!Year
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During the [[Battle of Malaya|Japanese invasion of Malaya]], the Penang Jewish community was evacuated to [[Singapore]], and many were interred by the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] during the subsequent occupation of both [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Malaya]] and [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Singapore]]. After the war, a majority had emigrated to Singapore, Australia, Israel and the United States. <ref name="Singapore Jews">{{cite web |url=http://www.singaporejews.com/ourcomm-history.htm |title=History |accessdate=2008-06-27 June 2008 |work=Jewish Welfare Board, Singapore |publisher= |date= |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080422225054/http://www.singaporejews.com/ourcomm-history.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 22 April 2008}}</ref>. By [[1963]], only 20 Penang Jewish families remained in Malayathe country.
Penang's only synagogue, located inon ''Jalan28, Nagore'' ({{lang-en|Nagore Street}})Road, closed down in [[1976]] as the community could no longer fulfill the [[minyan]], a quorum of ten or more adult Jews assembled for purposes of fulfilling a public religious obligation .<ref name="Bhatt">{{cite web |url=http://www.penangstory.net.my/mino-content-paperhimanshu.html |title=The Jews of Penang |accessdate=2008-06-27 |author=Himanshu Bhatt |work=Fourth Colloquium of 'The Penang Story' |publisher= |date=2002-02-02 }}</ref>.
Today, approximately 100 Jews reside in Malaysia, most of whichwho are refugees from [[Russia]] are said to reside in Malaysia,.<ref name="Jewish Virtual Library">{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/malaysia.html |title=The Jewish Virtual History Tour -– Malaysia |accessdate=27 June 2008-06-27 |work=Jewish Virtual Library |publisher=The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |date=}}</ref> The original Penang Jewish community has ceased to exist with the death of Mordecai (Mordy) David Mordecai on 15 July 2011.<ref>News MostStraits Times (Northern Edition) article on 18 July 2011 entitled: "Uncle Mordy laid to rest"</ref> The rest of the originalPenang communityJews have either embraced Christianity or else have emigrated to other countries, especially with the rise of [[anti-semitic]] sentiments and anti-Israel policies pursued by the Malaysian government since the 1970s .<ref>{{cite book |title=The Jews of Africa and Asia: Contemporary Anti-Semitism and other pressures |last=Parfitt |first=Tudor |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1987 |publisher=Minority Rights Group |location=Singapore |isbn=0946690561 |pages=9–10 }}</ref>.
'''YahudiJahudi Road''' (or Jew Road) in Penang, where the majority of the Penang Jewish population stayed, has since been renamed '''Jalan Zainal Abidin''', erasing another legacy of the Jewish presence in Malaysia. The only significant presence remaining is the Jewish Cemeterycemetery and the old, disused synagogue.
TheMany of the descendants of Malaysianthe Penang Jews are mainly seen in [[Singapore]] (such as ex late Chief Minister David Marshall, theya areBaghdadi alsoJew). manyMany ofalso themreside in [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]], (especially in New York), but their numbers are unknown. The majority of MalaysianPenang Jews speakspoke [[Malay language|Malay]] and [[English language|English]], whilst the rest speakspoke mainly [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and possiblyalso [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. {{FactCitation needed|date=June 2008}}
== Penang Jewish Cemetery ==
The Penang Jewish Cemetery, established in 1805, is believed to be the oldest single [[Jewish cemetery]] in the country .<ref name="Jewish Virtual Library" /> . It forms a {{convert|38087|sqft|m2}} cleaver shaped plot of land situated alongside ''Jalan Zainal Abidin '' (formerly ''JalanJahudi Yahudi''Road), a small link road located between ''Jalan Burmah '' and ''MacalisterMacAlister Road''Roads in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] . The cemetery used to be a green lung, but much of the lawn has been cemented over. ▼
The oldest Jewish tombstone is dated [[9 July 9]] [[1835 ]] dedicated to a Mrs. Shoshan Levi and is believed to mark the grave of the [[English people|English]] JewJewess that was the benefactor who donated the land where the current cemetery stands. Most of the graves take the form of a triangular vaulted-lid casket, resembling [[ossuary|ossuaries]] commonly found in [[Israel]]. There are approximately 106107 graves located in the cemetery , with the most recent tombstone dated 19782011, incidentally the grave of the last ethnic Jew on the island. It is the only cemetery established solely for the once small and thriving Jewish community in Peninsular Malaysia, although there may be a few Jewish graves in other non-Jewish cemeteries .<ref name="Raimy" /> .▼▲The Penang Jewish Cemetery, established in 1805, is believed to be the oldest single [[Jewish cemetery]] in the country <ref name="Jewish Virtual Library" />. It forms a {{convert|38087|sqft|m2}} cleaver shaped plot of land situated alongside ''Jalan Zainal Abidin'' (formerly ''Jalan Yahudi''), a small link road located between ''Jalan Burmah'' and ''Macalister Road'' in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]].
The graves of the [[Kohen|Cohen]]s are located separately from the main group of graves on the north-eastern corner of the cemetery and it includes the grave of Eliaho Hayeem Victor Cohen, a [[Lieutenant]] with the 9th [[Jat Regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]] killed in an accident on [[10 October 10]] [[1941 ]]. It is the only grave in the cemetery that is maintained by the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] .<ref name="Bhatt" /> . The cemetery is itself managed by a [[trustee|board of trustees]] established and registered in 1885. With the descendants of the current trustees residing outside Malaysia, the maintenance of the trusteeship is uncertain <ref name="Raimy" /> .▼▲The oldest Jewish tombstone is dated [[July 9]] [[1835]] dedicated to a Mrs. Shoshan Levi and is believed to mark the grave of the [[English people|English]] Jew that was the benefactor who donated the land where the current cemetery stands. Most of the graves take the form of a triangular vaulted-lid casket, resembling [[ossuary|ossuaries]] commonly found in [[Israel]]. There are approximately 106 graves located in the cemetery with the most recent tombstone dated 1978. It is the only cemetery established solely for the once small and thriving Jewish community in Peninsular Malaysia, although there may be a few Jewish graves in other non-Jewish cemeteries <ref name="Raimy" />.
▲The graves of the [[Kohen|Cohen]]s are located separately from the main group of graves on the north-eastern corner of the cemetery and it includes the grave of Eliaho Hayeem Victor Cohen, a [[Lieutenant]] with the 9th [[Jat Regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]] killed in an accident on [[October 10]] [[1941]]. It is the only grave in the cemetery that is maintained by the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] <ref name="Bhatt" />. The cemetery is itself managed by a [[trustee|board of trustees]] established and registered in 1885. With the descendants of the current trustees residing outside Malaysia, the maintenance of the trusteeship is uncertain <ref name="Raimy" />.
==Notable Malaysian Jews==
*[[Gary Braut]] - primary Jewish contact in Malaysia
*[[Charles Ephraim]] - leader of the Jewish community in Penang, whose family sells wrist watches. [http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_terkenal_dari_Pulau_Pinang]
*[[Charles Ephraim]] – one of the last Penang born Jews <ref name="Bhatt" />
*[[Ezekiel Menasseh]] -– the oldestearliest knownverified Jewish resident in Penang.<ref name="Journal-Jewish-Traveller" />
*[[Edgar Pinto Xavier]] - Ambassador for the [[Secular Judaism|Secular Humanistic Jewish Movement in Malaysia & the Far East]] <ref name="Kristang" /><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ifshj.net/id5.html | title = Humanistic & Secular Jews Build Communities and Congregations Worldwide | accessdate = 2011-02-22}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Jewish Cemetery Penang Dec 2006 022.jpg|<center>The entrance to the Penang Jewish Cemetery facing Jalan Zainal Abidin (formerly Jahudi Road)</center>
== See also ==
* [[History of the Jews in Singapore]]
* [[Baghdadi Jews]]
== References ==
{{reflistReflist|2}}
== Literature ==
* Khoo Salma Nasution. ''More Than Merchants: A History of the German-speaking Community in Penang, 1800s-1940s1800s–1940s''. Areca Books. (2006). ISBN 978-9834283414983-42834-1-4 (pg. 33)
== External links ==
{{commonscat-inline|Jewish Cemetery, Penang}}
*[http://www.kakiseni.com/articles/people/MDU3MA.html A Malaysian Jew in New York]
*[http://www.jewishexponent.com/article/12185/ Jewish Exponent: Mythical Malaysia]
*[http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2767046-jewish_cemetery_penang-i;_ylt=Ak9M73LJLx2vIJ.AEtREQ7ybItAF Yahoo Travel: Jewish Cemetery]
*[http://jewishphotolibrary.smugmug.com/ASIA-Southeast/MALAYSIA-Penang-Former-Penang/5316678_zsGXY Jewish Photo Library - Former Penang Synagogue]
*[http://jewishphotolibrary.smugmug.com/ASIA-Southeast/MALAYSIA-Penang-Jewish/5316664_8iKvv#324634235_AXmb5 Jewish Photo Library - Penang Jewish Cemetery]
*[http://www.jewishgen.org/cemetery/asia-pac-ind/malaysia.html International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies: Malaysia]
{{Asia topic|History of the Jews in}}
[[Kategori{{DEFAULTSORT:History ofOf The Malaysia|Jews]] In Malaysia}}
[[KategoriCategory:JewsHistory and Judaism inof Malaysia|Jews]]
[[KategoriCategory:EthnicJews groupsand Judaism in Malaysia|Jews]]
[[KategoriCategory:JewishEthnic historygroups byin country|Malaysia|Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish history by country|Malaysia]]
[[id:Sejarah Yahudi di Malaysia]]
[[en:History of the Jews in Malaysia]]
[[lad:Istorya de los djudios en Malasia]]
[[ms:Sejarah orang Yahudi di Malaysia]]
[[tr:Malezya'daki Yahudilerin tarihi]]
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