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Baris 3: ''Rencana ini adalan mengenai '''kapal perang''' sebagai jenis kapal perang. Lihat juga [[Permainan kapal perang]]. [[Imej:Uss_iowa_bb-61_pr.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Kapal perang USS Iowa membedil bertubi ke arah ''starboard'' (kanan)]] Dalam sejarah angkatan laut, '''kapal perang''' merupakan kapal perang yang paling banyak dilengkapi senjata dan perisai. Pada pertengahan [[abad ke -20]] ia menjadi lapuk oleh [[kapal induk]]. Walaupun sesetengah masih terus digunakan untuk membedil sasaran persisiran pantai dan sebagai pelantar [[peluru berpandu]], kapal perang terakhir dibersarakan pada akhir [[1990]]an. Nama "kapal perang" pada asalnya diberikan kepada [[taraf-pertama]], [[taraf-kedua]], dan [[taraf-ketiga]] [[ship of the line\|ships of the line]] during the [[age of sail]]. These ships were called the "main [[line of battle]] Ships", or battleships for short. == Kapal perang Pre-Dreadnought == Kapal perang pertama menyerupai kapal perang moden dibina pada akhir [[abad ke 19]], beberapa tahun selepas kapal perang [[USS Monitor\|USS ''Monitor'']] dan [[CSS Virginia\|CSS ''Virginia'']] [[bersarung besi]] bertempur di [[Hampton Roads]], [[Virginia]]. ▼ Kapal perang yang dibina pada akhir [[abad ke 19]] biasanya mempunyai empat atau lebih meriam besar (sekitar 12 inci diameter), dan pelbagai meriam lebih kecil.▼ ▲Kapal perang pertama menyerupai kapal perang moden dibina pada akhir [[abad ke -19]], beberapa tahun selepas kapal perang [[USS Monitor\|USS ''Monitor'']] dan [[CSS Virginia\|CSS ''Virginia'']] [[bersarung besi]] bertempur di [[Hampton Roads]], [[Virginia]]. Turret, kepingan perisai, dan [[engin stim]] adalah peningkatan sepanjang beberapa tahun, dan tube [[torpedo]] diperkenalkan. ▼ ▲Kapal perang yang dibina pada akhir [[abad ke -19]] biasanya mempunyai empat atau lebih meriam besar (sekitar 12 inci diameter), dan pelbagai meriam lebih kecil. ▲Turret, kepingan perisai, dan [[~~engin~~enjin stim]] adalah peningkatan sepanjang beberapa tahun, dan tube [[torpedo]] diperkenalkan. Kapal perang sebeginilah yang membentuk "[[Great White Fleet]]". == Dreadnought == Reka bentuk kapal perang berubah, bagaimanapun, dengan pelancaran [[HMS Dreadnought (1906)\|HMS ''Dreadnought'']] pada tahun [[1906]]. ''Dreadnought'' mempunyai sepuluh meriam besar serupa dipasang pada turet, menberikannya lebih daya tembak berbanding kapal lain seumpamanya. Ia sungguh revolutionari sehinggakan kapal perang yang dibina sebelumnya dikelaskan sebagai "kapal perang pre-Dreadnought", dan yang selepasnya sebagai "kapal perang post-Dreadnought" atau lebih mudah "dreadnought". Ciptaan besar lain ''Dreadnought'' merupakan pengenalan [[turbin stim]], membolehkannya mengekalkan kuasa maksima dengan lebih lama dan pengendalian yang kurang berbanding sebelumnya yang dipancu oleh [[enjin tiga bukaan]] dan yang sesama dengannya. == Perang Dunia I == [[Perlumbaan senjata]] bermula, terutamanya antara [[Jerman]] dan [[United Kingdom]]. The [[Royal Navy]] of the United Kingdom had ruled the seas for most of the [[~~19th~~abad ~~century~~ke-19]], but [[Kaiser Wilhelm]] set out to change that, in part for strategic reasons, but mainly due to a simple desire for a large navy. The culmination of this race was a stalemate in [[~~World~~Perang ~~War~~Dunia I]]. The German [[High Seas Fleet]] and the British [[Grand Fleet]] were too valuable to throw away in battle and so both fleets spent the majority of the war in port, waiting to respond should the other go to sea. The only engagement between the fleets was the abortive [[~~Battle of~~Pertempuran Jutland]]: a German tactical victory (fourteen British ships were sunk to eleven German) but a British strategic victory (the [[High Seas Fleet]] remained in port for the rest of the war). Selepas Perang Dunia I, [[Armistice]] [[1918]] memaksa kebanyakan Angkatan Laut Dalam Jerman disimpan di [[Scapa Flow]]. Kapal-kapal tersebut ditenggelamkan dengan jayanya oleh kelasi-kelasi Jerman sendiri. == Perang Dunia II == Dengan [[Perjanjian Navy Washington]], [[angkatan laut dunia]] scaled back on their battleship arms race, with numerous ships on all sides scrapped or repurposed. With an extension, that treaty lasted until [[1936]], when the major navies of the world began a new build-up. Famous ships like [[German battleship Bismarck\|''Bismarck'']], [[USS Missouri\|''Missouri'']], and the Japanese ''[[Japanese battleship Yamato\|Yamato]]'' were all launched within the next few years in preparation for the coming of [[~~World~~Perang ~~War~~Dunia II]]. In the early stages of the [[Battle of the Atlantic (1940)\|Battle of the Atlantic]], Germany's surface fleet threatened the Atlantic convoys, so the British battle fleet and carriers devoted themselves to seeking out and trying to destroy it. The German battleships and [[pocket battleship]]s recorded early successes, such as when ''[[Scharnhorst]]'' and ''[[German battleship Gneisenau\|Gneisenau]]'' surprised and sank the carrier [[HMS Glorious\|HMS ''Glorious'']] in June [[1940]]. When ''Bismarck'' sank the [[battlecruiser]] [[HMS Hood\|HMS ''Hood'']], British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] sent every element of the Royal Navy he could to sink it. As it turned out, however, technology was overtaking the battleship. A battleship's big guns might have a range of twenty miles, but the [[~~aircraft~~kapal ~~carrier~~induk]] had aircraft with ranges of hundreds of miles, and [[radar]] was making those attacks ever more effective. The ''Bismarck'' was sunk a few days after it destroyed the ''Hood'', after being crippled by torpedo bombers from [[HMS Victorious\|HMS ''Victorious'']] and [[HMS Ark Royal\|HMS ''Ark Royal'']]. The Japanese bombing of [[Battle of Pearl Harbor\|Pearl Harbor]] sank or damaged most of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's battleships, but the aircraft carriers were not in port and so escaped damage. Six months later, it was those carriers that were to turn the tide of the Pacific War at the [[Battle of Midway]]. Battleships in the Pacific ended up primarily providing shore bombardment and anti-aircraft defense for the carriers. The largest battleships ever constructed, [[~~Japan~~Jepun]]'s ''[[Japanese battleship Yamato\|Yamato]]'' and ''[[Japanese battleship Musashi\|Musashi]]'', were destroyed by aircraft. The last German battleship ''[[Tirpitz]]'' survived until late into the war by hiding in [[Norway\|Norwegian]] [[fjord]]s, but was eventually also sunk by aircraft. In the final battleship versus battleship engagement in world history, the United States battleships [[USS South Dakota (BB-57)\|''South Dakota'']] and [[USS Washington (BB-56)\|''Washington'']] fought and destroyed the [[Japanese battleship Kirishima\|''Kirishima'']] at [[Savo Island]]. Baris 42 ⟶ 45: Akibat perubahan teknologi, rancangan untuk kapal perang lebih besar, the American [[Montana class battleship\|''Montana'' class]] dan kelas Super Yamato Jepun, dibatalkan. Pada akhir perang, hampir kesemua kapal perang dunia dibersarakan atau dilupuskan. == ~~Post~~Selepas ~~World~~Perang ~~War~~Dunia II == The United States recommissioned all four [[Iowa class battleship\|''Iowa''-class]] battleships for the [[Korean War]] and [[USS New Jersey (BB-62)\|USS ''New Jersey'']] for the [[~~Vietnam~~Perang ~~War~~Vietnam]]. These were primarily used for shore bombardment. All four were recommissioned under the [[Ronald Reagan\|Reagan]] administration and converted to carry [[Tomahawk missile]]s, with ''New Jersey'' seeing action bombarding [[~~Lebanon~~Lubnan]], while [[USS Missouri (BB-63)\|''Missouri'']] and [[USS Wisconsin (BB-64)\|''Wisconsin'']] fired their 16-inch guns at land targets and launched missiles in the [[~~Gulf~~Perang ~~War~~Teluk]]. All four were decommissioned in the early [[~~1990s~~1990]]an, the last battleships to see active service. ''Missouri'', ''Wisconsin'', and ''New Jersey'' are now museums; [[USS Iowa (BB-61)\|''Iowa'']] has been "mothballed." == ~~Related~~Lihat ~~Topics~~juga == * [[United States battleships]] * [[Daftar kapal perang tentera laut Amerika Syarikat]] * [[Daftar kapal tentera laut British]] (UK''Royal Navy'') * [[Daftar kapal tentera laut Kanada]] * [[Daftar kapal perang tentera laut British\|Daftar kapal perang tentera laut British ( ''Royal Navy'' )]] * [[Daftar kapal perang tentera laut Jepun]] * [[http://www.sinodefence.com/navy/default.asp] Chinese Defence Today] Baris 62 ⟶ 64: [[de:Schlachtschiff]] [[en:Battleship]] [[es:Acorazado]] [[et:Lahingulaev]] [[fr:Cuirass%C3%A9]] [[ja:戦艦]] [[nl:Slagschip]]

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