Piala Dunia FIFA 1934: Perbezaan antara semakan
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'''Piala Dunia FIFA 1934''' adalah [[Piala Dunia FIFA]] kedua yang dilangsungkan di [[Itali]] dari [[27 Mei]] hingga [[10 Jun]]. [[Itali]] dipilih sebagai tuan rumah oleh [[FIFA]] pada bulan Oktober 1932. Ini adalah Piala Dunia pertama di mana pasukan finalis harus melalui pusingan kelayakan untuk bermain di peringkat akhir. Sebanyak 32 negara mengikuti kelayakan, dan setelah kelayakan, 16 pasukan berhak maju ke pusingan akhir. [[Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Itali|Itali]] menjadi juara pertama setelah mengalahkan [[pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]] di perlawanan akhir dengan skor 2 – 1.
==Itali
Like the [[1936 Summer Olympics|Berlin Olympics]] two years later, the 1934 World Cup was a high-profile instance of a sporting event being used for overt political gain. [[Benito Mussolini]] was keen to use the tournament as a means of promoting fascism.
{{Location map+|Italy|width=270|float=right|caption=A map showing the locations of the venues used at the 1934 FIFA World Cup|places=
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=44.492314|lon_deg=11.309667|position=right|background=#FFFFFF|label=Bologna}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=43.780822|lon_deg=11.282258|position=right|background=#FFFFFF|label=Florence}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=44.416431|lon_deg=8.952428|position=bottom|background=#FFFFFF|label=Genoa}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=45.478025|lon_deg=9.124206|position=top|background=#FFFFFF|label=Milan}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=40.859722|lon_deg=14.293333|position=left|background=#FFFFFF|label=Naples}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=41.927222|lon_deg=12.472222|position=left|background=#FFFFFF|label=Rome}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=45.633333|lon_deg=13.8|position=right|background=#FFFFFF|label=Trieste}}
{{Location map~|Italy|mark=red pog.svg|lat_deg=45.04175|lon_deg=7.650014|position=top|background=#FFFFFF|label=Turin}}
}}
The number of supporters travelling from other countries was higher than at any previous football tournament, including 7,000 from the Netherlands and 10,000 each from Austria and Switzerland.<ref>Murray & Murray, The World's Game, p69</ref>
=== Stadium ===
Sebanyak 8 bandar menjadi tempat perlawanan:
* [[Bologna]], [[Stadium Renato Dall'Ara|Stadio Littorale]]
Baris 40 ⟶ 58:
* [[Trieste]], [[Stadium Nereo Rocco|Stadio Littorio]]
* [[Turin]], [[Stadium Grande Turin|Stadio Benito Mussolini]]
==Pemilihan Tuan Rumah==
{{main|Tuan Rumah Piala Dunia}}
After a lengthy decision-making process in which FIFA's executive committee met eight times,<ref>Freddi, ''Complete Book of the World Cup 2006'', p. 15</ref> Italy was chosen as the host nation at a meeting in [[Stockholm]] on 9 October 1932.<ref name="h23">Hunt, ''World Cup Stories'', p. 23</ref> The decision was taken by the executive committee without a ballot of members.<ref name="h23"/> The Italian bid was chosen in preference to one from Sweden;<ref name="FIFAhistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/historyfifa4.html |title=History of FIFA - The first FIFA World Cup |publisher=FIFA| accessdate=2009-12-01}}</ref> the Italian government assigned a budget of 3.5 million [[italian lira|lire]] to the tournament.<ref>Goldblatt, ''The Ball is Round'', p. 255</ref>
==Kelayakan dan peserta==
{{main|Kelayakan Piala Dunia FIFA 1934}}
32 countries applied to enter the tournament, so qualifying matches were required to thin the field to 16.<ref name="h23"/> Even so, there were several notable absentees. Reigning World Cup holders [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] declined to participate, in protest at the refusal of several European countries to travel to South America for the [[1930 FIFA World Cup|previous World Cup]], which Uruguay had hosted in 1930.<ref>Crouch, ''The World Cup: The Complete History'', p. 16</ref> As a result, the 1934 World Cup is the only one in which the reigning champions did not participate.<ref>Glanville, ''The Story of the World Cup'', p. 25</ref> The [[Home Nations]], in a period of self-imposed exile from FIFA, also refused to participate. [[The Football Association|Football Association]] committee member [[Charles Sutcliffe]]'s view was typical of British attitudes: "the national associations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland have quite enough to do in their [[British Home Championship|own International Championship]] which seems to me a far better World Championship than the one to be staged in Rome".<ref>Taylor, ''The Leaguers'', p. 217.</ref>
Despite their role as hosts, [[Italy national football team|Italy]] were still required to qualify, the first and only time the host nation was not granted automatic qualification.<ref name="h23"/> The qualifying matches were arranged on a geographical basis. Withdrawals by [[Chile national football team|Chile]] and [[Peru national football team|Peru]] meant [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] and [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] qualified without playing a single match.<ref>Crouch, ''The World Cup: The Complete History'', p. 14</ref>
Twelve of the sixteen places were allocated to Europe, three to the Americas, and one to Africa or Asia (including Turkey). Only ten of the 32 entrants, and four of the 16 qualified teams (Brazil, Argentina, United States and Egypt, the first African team to qualify for a World Cup finals tournament), were from outside Europe. The last place in the finals was contested between the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]] and [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] only three days before the start of the tournament in a one-off match in [[Rome]], which the United States won.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/feature?id=696758&cc=5739&ver=global|title=World Cup 1934|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=2010-01-01}}</ref>
The majority of the 16 teams were making their first World Cup appearance. These included nine of the twelve European teams (Italy, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Austria, and Switzerland) together with Egypt. Egypt would not qualify for another World Cup finals until the next time the competition was held in Italy, in 1990.
==Format Perlawanan==
The group stage used in the first World Cup was discarded in favour of a straight knockout tournament. If a match was tied after ninety minutes, then thirty minutes of extra time were played. If the score was still tied after extra time, the match would be replayed the next day.
The eight seeded teams—Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Hungary—were kept apart in the first round.
== Keputusan ==
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