Perang Indochina Pertama: Perbezaan antara semakan
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{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict= Perang Indochina Pertama
|partof= Perang Indochina, [[Perang Dingin]], dan [[Dekolonisasi Asia]]
|image= [[Fail:First Indochina War COLLAGE.jpg|300px]]
|image_size=
|caption= '''Arah jarum jam dari atas''': Selepas kejatuhan Dien Bien Phu menyokong pasukan Laotian jatuh ke [[Sungai Mekong]] ke [[Laos]]; Komando Marin Perancis berjalan melintasi pantai Annam pada bulan Julai 1950; M24 Chaffee tangki lampu Amerika yang digunakan oleh Perancis di Vietnam; [[Persidangan Geneva 1954|Persidangan Geneva]] pada 21 Julai 1954; A Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat dari Escadrille 1F bersiap untuk mendarat di kapal pengangkut pesawat Arromanches (R95) yang beroperasi di Teluk Tonkin.
|date= {{start date|1946|12|19|df=y}} – {{end date|1954|8|1|df=y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=19|year1=1946|month2=08|day2=01|year2=1954}})
|place= [[Indochina Perancis]], terutamanya [[Vietnam]]
|territory= Pembahagian sementara Vietnam
|result= Viet Minh victory<ref name="Lee Lanning">{{cite book|last=Lee Lanning|first=Michael|title=Inside the VC and the NVA|year=2008|publisher=: Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-60344-059-2|page=119}}</ref><ref name=Crozier>{{cite book|last=Crozier|first=Brian|title=Political Victory: The Elusive Prize Of Military Wars|year=2005|publisher=Transaction|isbn=978-0-7658-0290-3|page=47}}</ref><ref>Fall, ''Street Without Joy'', p. 63.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Logevall|first=Fredrik|title=Embers of War: the fall of an empire and the making of America's Vietnam|year=2012|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-375-75647-4|pages=596–9}}</ref>
* Vietnam is partitioned between North (controlled by the Viet Minh) and South (controlled by the [[State of Vietnam]])
* [[Geneva Conference (1954)|Geneva Conference]]
* Departure of the French from Indochina
* [[State of Vietnam]], [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]], [[Kingdom of Laos]] and [[Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70)|Kingdom of Cambodia]] achieve independence
|combatant1= {{flagicon|North Vietnam|1945}} [[Viet Minh]]<br />
{{flagicon|Laos}} [[Lao Issara]] (1945–1949)
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Pathet Lao]] (1949–1954)<ref>Jacques Dalloz, ''La Guerre d'Indochine 1945–1954'', Seuil, Paris, 1987, pp. 129–130, 206</ref>
{{flagicon|Cambodia|1979}} [[Khmer Issarak]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Jacques Dalloz|title=''La Guerre d'Indochine 1945–1954''|publisher=Seuil|location=Paris|year=1987|pages=129–130}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Cambodia|1979}} [[United Issarak Front]] (1950–1954)<ref>[[Kiernan, Ben]]. ''How Pol Pot Came to Power''. [[London]]: Verso, 1985. p. 80</ref>
{{flagicon|Japan|1947}} [[Japan]]ese volunteers
----
'''Supported by''':<ref name="henrisalvador">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2082a_john-foster-dulles-on-the-fall-of-d_events|title=John Foster Dulles on the fall of Dien Bien Phu|author=henrisalvador|website=Dailymotion|accessdate=August 19, 2015}}</ref><br />{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}<ref name="qdnd.vn"/><br />{{flag|China|1949}} (1949–1954)<ref name="qdnd.vn">{{cite web|url=http://www.qdnd.vn/qdndsite/vi-vn/61/43/3/3/32/75212/Default.aspx|title=Viện trợ của Trung Quốc đối với cuộc kháng chiến chống Pháp của Việt Nam|publisher=|accessdate=August 19, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202043712/http://www.qdnd.vn/qdndsite/vi-VN/61/43/3/3/32/75212/Default.aspx|archivedate=December 2, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref><br />{{flag|East Germany}}<ref>http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2013/9311/pdf/DaoDucThuan_2013_02_05.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-5159.html|title=East Germany – The National People's Army and the Third World|publisher=}}</ref><br />{{flag|Poland|1928}}<ref>Radvanyi, Janos (1980). "Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official" (PDF). Paramaters: Journal of the US Army War College. Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania. 10 (3): 8–15.</ref>
|combatant2= {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[French Fourth Republic|France]]
* {{flag|French Indochina}}<br />(1945–1954)
{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70)|Kingdom of Cambodia]]<br />(1953–1954)<br />
{{flag|Kingdom of Laos|name=Kingdom of Laos}}<br />(1953–1954)<br />{{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[State of Vietnam]] (1949–1954)
----
'''Supported by''':<br />{{flag|United States|1912}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/02/28/cia.pilots/index.html|title=CNN.com – France honors CIA pilots – Feb 28, 2005|publisher=|accessdate=August 19, 2015}}</ref> (1950–1954)
|commander1= {{flagicon|North Vietnam|1945}} [[Hồ Chí Minh]]<br />{{flagicon|North Vietnam|1945}} [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]]<br />
{{flagicon|North Vietnam|1945}} [[Phạm Văn Đồng]]<br />
{{flagicon|North Vietnam|1945}} [[Trường Chinh]]
{{flagicon|Laos}} [[Souphanouvong]]<br />{{flagicon|Cambodia|1979}} [[Son Ngoc Minh]]
|commander2= '''[[French Far East Expeditionary Corps|French Expeditionary Corps]]'''
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque]] (1945–1946)
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Jean-Étienne Valluy]] (1946–1948)
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Roger Blaizot]] (1948–1949)
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Marcel Carpentier]] (1949–1950)
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]] (1950–1951)
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Raoul Salan]] (1952–1953)
* {{flagicon|French Fourth Republic}} [[Henri Navarre]] (1953–1954)
'''[[State of Vietnam]]'''
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Ngô Đình Diệm]]
* {{flagicon|South Vietnam}} [[Bảo Đại]]
|strength1= '''Viet Minh:'''<br />Biasa: 125,000<br />Serantau: 75,000<br />Angkatan Popular/tidak teratur: 250,000<ref>{{harvnb|Windrow|1998|p=23}}</ref><br />Bekas sukarelawan Tentera Darat Jepun: ~5,000<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ford|first1=Dan|title=Japanese soldiers with the Viet Minh|url=http://www.warbirdforum.com/japviet.htm}}</ref><br />'''Jumlah: ~450,000'''
|strength2= '''Perancis''':<br />Kor Ekspedisi: 190,000<br />Bantuan Tempatan: 55,000<br />'''Negara Vietnam''':<br />150,000<ref name="windrow">{{cite book| last = Windrow| first = Martin| title = The French Indochina War 1946–1954 (Men-At-Arms, 322)| year = 1998| publisher = Osprey Publishing| location = London| isbn = 978-1-85532-789-4| page = 11 }}</ref><br />'''Jumlah: ~395,000'''
|casualties1= '''Viet Minh:'''<br />175,000–300,000 mati atau hilang (anggaran ahli sejarah Barat)<ref>Fall, Bernard, The Two Vietnams (1963)</ref><ref>Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard.</ref><ref name="Clodfelter, Michael 1995"/><ref>Stanley Kutler: Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War (1996)</ref><br />191,605 mati atau hilang (angka kerajaan Vietnam)<ref>[http://datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qu%E1%BA%A3n%20l%C3%BD%20ch%E1%BB%89%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o/Chuy%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%E1%BB%81%204.doc Chuyên đề 4 CÔNG TÁC TÌM KIẾM, QUY TẬP HÀI CỐT LIỆT SĨ TỪ NAY ĐẾN NĂM 2020 VÀ NHỮNG NĂM TIẾP THEO, datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Quản%20lý%20chỉ%20đạo/Chuyên%20đề%204.doc]</ref>
|casualties2= '''Kesatuan Perancis:'''<br />75,581 maut (20,524 ialah rakyat Perancis)<ref>{{cite book|author=Pierre Vermeren|title=Le Choc des décolonisations: De la guerre d'Algérie aux printemps arabes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dzcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP16|year=2015|publisher=Éditions Odile Jacob|isbn=978-2-7381-6477-3|page=16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=XOnVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119&dq=%2220+524%22+%22indochine%22#v=onepage&q=%2220%20524%22%20%22indochine%22&f=false | title=La Legion et la bataille a Ðiên Biên Phú: LA LEGION EST LEUR PATRIE| isbn=9783734765964| last1=Duthel| first1=Heinz| date=2015-02-26}}</ref><br />64,127 cedera,<br />40,000 ditangkap<br />'''Negara Vietnam:'''<br />58,877 maut atau hilang<ref>[https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=MauWlUjuWNsC&pg=PA252&dq=The+Indochinese+Experience+of+the+French+and+the+Americans+100,000+to+150,000&hl=vi&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt-L-o-9bQAhXFqo8KHZq-A58Q6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Indochinese%20Experience%20of%20the%20French%20and%20the%20Americans%20100%2C000%20to%20150%2C000&f=false Dommen, Arthur J. (2001), ''The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans'', Indiana University Press, pg. 252]</ref><br />'''Jumlah: ~134,500 maut atau hilang'''
|casualties3= 400,000–842,707 terbunuh<ref>T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)</ref><ref name="Clodfelter, Michael 1995"/><ref>S. Karnow, Vietnam : a History (1983)</ref><br />125,000–400,000 orang awam terbunuh<ref name="Clodfelter, Michael 1995">Clodfelter, Michael, Vietnam in Military Statistics (1995)</ref><ref>Smedberg, M (2008), ''Vietnamkrigen: 1880–1980''. Historiska Media, p. 88</ref><ref>Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by [[Ruth Leger Sivard]].</ref><ref name="Ref-1">Dommen, Arthur J. (2001), ''The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans'', Indiana University Press, pg. 252.</ref>
|notes=
|campaignbox=
|casus= Insiden [[Hai Phong]] 23 November 1946
}}
'''Perang Indochina Pertama''' (umumnya dikenali sebagai '''Perang Indochina''' di [[Perancis]], dan sebagai '''Perang Rintangan Anti-Perancis''' di [[Vietnam]]) bermula di [[Indochina Perancis]] pada 19 Disember 1946, dan berterusan sehingga 20 Julai 1954. Pertempuran antara pasukan Perancis dan musuh-musuh [[Viet Minh]] mereka di selatan bertarikh dari September 1945. Konflik tersebut telah menimbulkan pelbagai kekuatan, termasuk Kor Jerman Ekspedisi Korps Timur Jauh Kesatuan Perancis, yang dipimpin oleh Perancis dan disokong oleh Tentera Kebangsaan Vietnam Bảo Đại melawan Viet Minh,<ref>[https://books.google.at/books?id=zeweA9cfoxEC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=led+by+France+and+supported+by+B%E1%BA%A3o+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i%27s+Vietnamese+National+Army&source=bl&ots=3Z4cBeSWaC&sig=Nr3ctgaicScVaDphtvmK3C-6OtM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9w4uc1MvaAhVOblAKHUi2BakQ6AEIVjAH#v=onepage&q&f=false Saigon under Bảo Đại's 1945–1954]</ref> diketuai oleh [[Ho Chi Minh]]<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ho-Chi-Minh Ho Chi Minh PRESIDENT OF NORTH VIETNAM]</ref> dan [[Tentera Rakyat Vietnam]] yang diketuai oleh [[Vo Nguyen Giap]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vo-Nguyen-Giap Vo Nguyen Giap VIETNAMESE GENERAL]</ref> Kebanyakan pertempuran berlaku di [[Tonkin]] di Vietnam utara,<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]</ref> walaupun konflik itu melanda seluruh negara dan juga diperluaskan ke negara-negara pelindung Perancis Indochina yang berdekatan dengan Laos dan Kemboja.
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