Paparan plasma: Perbezaan antara semakan
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Laman baru: thumb|An example of a plasma display '''Panel paparan plasma''' ({{lang-en|'''plasma display panel'''}}, '''PDP''') ialah sejenis paparan panel leper ya... |
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[[Image:Plasma display.jpg|thumb|
'''Panel paparan plasma''' ({{lang-en|'''plasma display panel'''}}, '''PDP''') ialah sejenis [[paparan panel leper]] yang kini digunakan terutamanya untuk paparan [[televisyen|TV]] besar (biasanya melebihi 37-inci atau 940 mm). Banyak sel halus yang terletak antara dua panel [[kaca]] menampung campuran lengai [[gas adi]] ([[neon]] dan [[xenon]]). Gas dalam sel-sel ini diubah secara elektrik menjadi [[plasma (fizik)|plasma]] yang kemudian menguja [[fosfor]] untuk [[pemancaran (sinaran elektromagnetik)|memancar]] cahaya.
== Sejarah ==
Pada tahun 1964, paparan video plasma dicipta oleh
Pada tahun [[1983]], [[IBM]] memperkenalkan model paparan monokrom jingga hitam 19 inci (48 cm) ('panel maklumat' model 3290) yang boleh memaparkan empat sesi terminal mesin maya [[IBM 3270]] serentak. Kilang terlibat dipindahkan ke [http://www.plasmatvscience.org/plasmatv-history1.html Plasmaco] pada tahun 1987, yang diasaskan Dr. [[Larry F. Weber]], salah seorang penuntut Dr. Bitzer bersama [[Stephen Globus]], dan juga [[James Kehoe]] yang merupakan pengurus kilang IBM.
Pada tahun [[1992]], [[Fujitsu]] memperkenalkan paparan warna penuh 21 inci (53 cm) pertama di dunia, iaitu suatu hibrid yang berasaskan paparan plasma yang dicipta di Universiti Illinois dan [[NHK]] [[STRL]], mencapai kecerahan lebih tinggi.
Pada tahun [[1996]], [[Matsushita]] Electrical Industries ([[Panasonic]]) membeli Plasmaco, teknologi AC warnanya, dan kilang Amerikanya.<!--
In [[1997]], Fujitsu introduced the first 42-inch (107 cm) plasma display; it had 852x480 resolution and was progressively scanned. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tech-notes.tv/Archive/tech_notes_004.htm|title=Digital TV Tech Notes, Issue #4}}</ref> Also in 1997, [[Pioneer Corporation|Pioneer]] started selling the first plasma television to the public. Many current plasma televisions, thinner and of larger area than their predecessors, are in use. Their thin size allows them to compete with large area [[projection screen]]s.
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== General characteristics ==
Plasma displays are bright (1000 [[lux]] or higher for the module), have a wide color [[gamut]], and can be produced in fairly large sizes, up to 381 cm (150 inches) diagonally. They have a very low-luminance "dark-room" black level compared to the lighter grey of the unilluminated parts of an LCD screen. The display panel is only about 6 cm (2.5 inches) thick, while the total thickness, including electronics, is less than 10 cm (4 inches). Plasma displays use as much [[Electric power|power]] per square meter as a [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] or an [[AMLCD]] television. Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright scenes drawing significantly more power than darker ones. Nominal power rating is typically 400 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) screen. Post-[[2006]] models consume 220 to 310 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) display when set to cinema mode. Most screens are set to 'shop' mode by default, which draws at least twice the power (around 500-700 watts) of a 'home' setting of less extreme brightness.
▲Plasma displays are bright (1000 [[lux]] or higher for the module), have a wide color [[gamut]], and can be produced in fairly large sizes, up to 381 cm (150 inches) diagonally. They have a very low-luminance "dark-room" black level compared to the lighter grey of the unilluminated parts of an LCD screen. The display panel is only about 6 cm (2.5 inches) thick, while the total thickness, including electronics, is less than 10 cm (4 inches). Plasma displays use as much [[Electric power|power]] per square meter as a [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] or an [[AMLCD]] television. Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright scenes drawing significantly more power than darker ones. Nominal power rating is typically 400 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) screen. Post-[[2006]] models consume 220 to 310 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) display when set to cinema mode. Most screens are set to 'shop' mode by default, which draws at least twice the power (around 500-700 watts) of a 'home' setting of less extreme brightness. {{Fact|date=October 2007}}
The lifetime of the latest generation of plasma displays is estimated at 60,000 hours of actual display time, or 27 years at 6 hours per day. This is the estimated time over which maximum picture brightness degrades to half the original value, not catastrophic failure.
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== Contrast ratio claims ==
[[Contrast ratio]] is the difference between the brightest and darkest parts of an image, measured in discrete steps, at any given moment. Generally, the higher the contrast ratio, the more realistic the image is. Contrast ratios for plasma displays are often advertised as high as 20,000:1. On the surface, this is a significant advantage of plasma over other display technologies. Although there are no industry-wide guidelines for reporting contrast ratio, most manufacturers follow either the ANSI standard or perform a full-on-full-off test. The ANSI standard uses a checkered test pattern whereby the darkest blacks and the lightest whites are simultaneously measured, yielding the most accurate "real-world" ratings. In contrast, a full-on-full-off test measures the ratio using a pure black screen and a pure white screen, which gives higher values but does not represent a typical viewing scenario. Manufacturers can further artificially improve the reported contrast ratio by increasing the contrast and brightness settings to achieve the highest test values. However, a contrast ratio generated by this method is misleading, as content would be essentially unwatchable at such settings.
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One shortcoming with plasma technology is that running a display at maximum brightness will significantly reduce the panel's lifespan. For this reason, many owners leave the brightness settings well below maximum, which typically still results in a brighter screen than CRT displays.
==Screen burn-in==
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Plasma manufacturers have over time managed to devise ways of reducing the past problems of image retention with solutions involving gray pillarboxes, pixel orbiters and image washing routines.
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== Lihat juga ==
* [[Large-screen television technology]]
* [[Perbandingan teknologi paparan]]
* [[DLP]]
* [[LCD]]
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== Rujukan==
<references />
== Pautan luar ==
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* [http://www.plasma.com/classroom/hometheaterplasmatvinfo.htm Plasma.com classroom main page] Articles on Plasma TV technology and installation
* [http://www.teac.com.au/pages/howdoesplasmatechnologywork Schematic drawing and explanation of a typical color plasma display]
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* [http://web.archive.org/web/20051001030137/http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/alumni/w02-03/plasma_history.html ''Plasma display panels: The colorful history of an Illinois technology'' by Jamie Hutchinson, Electrical and Computer Engineering Alumni News, Winter 2002-2003]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/25/technology/25flat.html ''Plasma is better than LCD?''] according to [[Panasonic]]
{{Display Technology}}
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