Muzik indie: Perbezaan antara semakan

 

==Artis bebas dan teknologi==

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Sesetengah artis indie menggunakan Internet (dan pertolongan para peminat sedia ada) untuk menjayakan pembiayaan projek rakaman baru, relying on services like [[ArtistShare]] or using their own sites. For instance, singer-songwriter Jill Sobule released "California Years" in 2009, an album for which she'd raised nearly $90,000 online. Sobule explained her telethon-like fundraising approach thusly: "The contribution levels went from $10, which got you a digital download of the record, to $10,000, which gave you the chance to sing on the record." (One generous donor did contribute at the $10,000 level.)<ref name="Jill Sobule quote">{{cite book | last = Kirsner | first = Scott | title = Fans, Friends & Followers: Building an Audience and a Creative Career in the Digital Age | url = http://www.scottkirsner.com/fff | year = 2009 | publisher = CinemaTech Books | location = Boston, MA | isbn = 1442100745 | page = 51}}</ref>

Sesetengah pemuzik enggan menyertai [[label utama]] walaupun diberi peluang. Begitu juga, ada yang memilih untuk menjadi indie selepas berpengalaman di label utama, contohnya pemain piano [[Bradley Joseph]]. Sebagai artis bebas, perniagaan itu membimbangkan sekali dan boleh bermaharajalela jika tidak terkawal, kata Joseph.<ref name="Indie Journal Interview">{{cite web |author=Wheeler, Fred|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20041101084648/http://www.indiejournal.com/indiejournal/interviews/bradleyjoseph.htm |title= Interview with Bradley Joseph|publisher = Indie Journal (archived page of indiejournal.com)|year= 2002|accessdate=2006-12-21}}</ref> "Ramai pemuzik tidak menghayati perniagaan. Anda cuma perlu mahir dalam kedua-dua bidang. Anda harus memahami penerbitan. Anda haris memahami cara mencari rezeki, permintaan pasaran, dan cara-cara menyerlahkan bakat anda."<ref name="Continuing Journey">{{cite news|last = Polta|first = Anne|title = Continuing Journey: Bradley Joseph sustains music career with songwriting, recording|publisher = West Central Tribune (wctrib.com) ([[Minnesota]], [[United States|U.S.]])|date = [[2007-02-08]]|url = http://www.wctrib.com/articles/index.cfm?id=16233&pnref=VTHE0E4F49E5|accessdate = 2007-02-18|archive-date = 2008-03-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080329090123/http://www.wctrib.com/articles/index.cfm?id=16233&pnref=VTHE0E4F49E5|url-status = dead}}</ref>

 

 

Seseorang artis yang ingin mendapatkan perhatian label utama boleh melancarkan label bebas sendiri. Label bebas yang berjaya dengan reputasi muzik yang kukuh mudah menarik label utama. Label utama bergantung pada label bebas untuk mengikuti perkembangan dunia muzik yang berubah tanpa henti.<ref>Knab, Christopher and Bart Day. "Deals that Await Successful Independent Music Labels." [http://www.guitar9.com/columnist446.html].</ref> Label-label bebas terbukti keberkesannya dalam mencari bakat baru dan mempopularkan genre-genre khusus.

Jika seseorang artis atau kumpulan muzik menulis karya sendiri, maka penerbitan boleh menjadi salah satu cara terbaik untuk meraih keuntungan, dan juga antara sebilangan kecil kaedah mencari rezeki yang terjamin bagi para artis. Jelajah gig dan konsert tidak pasti menjana duit kerana ada kemungkinan tiada sesiapa yang ingin menghadiri persembahannya. [[Undang-undang hak cipta]] asas melindungi penggubah muzik dengan memberikan hak eksklusif kepada mereka untuk membenarkan penghasilan semula, pengedaran, atau persembahan karya-karya mereka, atau sebaliknya. Kebanyakan pendapatan penerbitan artis timbul dari hak mekanik dan persembahannya. Hak mekanik meliputi penghasilan semula lagu dalam rakaman. Dalam sesebuah kontrak am antara pemuzik dan labelnya, pihak label diwajibkan oleh undang-undang untuk membayar penggubah pada kadar yang tertentu bagi setiap lagu semata-mata untuk menggunakan karya terbabit dalam rakaman yang dikomersilkan.<ref>"New Songwriter/Publishing Mechanical Royalties for 2006." [http://www.taxi.com/transmitter/0512/musicbiz0512.html].</ref> Bagi hak persembahan pula, hak cipta lagu meliputi setiap kali lagu tersebut berkumandang di radio dan televisyen.

 

 

==Lihat juga==

==Rujukan==

* Imhorst, Christian: [http://www.imhorst.net/?page_id=21 The 'Lost Generation' of the Music Industry], published under the terms of the [[GFDL|GNU Free Documentation License]] 2004

* {{cite journal | author=Leyshon, Andrew, et al. | title=On the reproduction of the music industry after the internet | publisher=Media, Culture, and Society | volume=27 | year=2005 | pages=177–209}}

* {{cite journal | author=Hesmondhalgh, David | title=Indie: the institutional politics and aesthetics of a popular music genre | publisher=Cultural Studies | volume=13 | issue=1 | year=1999 | pages=34–61}}

* {{cite news | author=Leeds, Jeff | title=Independent music on move with internet | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/28/features/record.php | publisher=International Herald Tribune | date=January 10, 2006 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060202105008/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/28/features/record.php | archivedate=2006-02-02 | access-date=2009-11-25 | url-status=live }}

* {{cite news | author=Mansfield, Brian | title=When Free is Profitable | publisher=USA Today | date=May 20, 2004 | url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/music/2004-05-20-file-sharing-main_x.htm}}

* {{cite news | author=Ramsay, J.T. | title=Live from the Witch Trials | url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/31254-live-at-the-witch-trials | date=April 4, 2006 | publisher=www.pitchforkmedia.com | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702215631/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/31254-live-at-the-witch-trials | archivedate=2007-07-02 | access-date=2009-11-25 | url-status=live }}

* {{cite web | author=Haverty, Neil | date=November 1, 2002 | url=http://www.exclaim.ca/index.asp?layid=22&csid=1&csid1=1078 | title=Arts Funding for Whom? Indie Labels Starve While Government Support Rewards Success | access-date=2009-11-25 | archive-date=2007-02-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209051119/http://www.exclaim.ca/index.asp?layid=22&csid=1&csid1=1078 | url-status=dead }}

* {{cite web | author=Knab, Christopher |month=April | year=2006 |url=http://www.guitar9.com/columnist446.html | title=Deals that Await Successful Independent Music Labels}}

* {{cite news | author=Friends, Stacey |date=October 2003 | url=http://www.performermag.com/IndependentLabels.php | title=Independent Labels: What's the Deal? | publisher=Performer}}

* {{cite news | author=Friends, Stacey | date=November 2005 | url=http://www.performermag.com/IndieVSMajorContracts.php | title=Independent Label vs. Major Label Contracts | publisher=Performer}}

* {{cite news | author=Andrews, Catherine | date=October 13 2006 |http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/19/indie.overview/index.html | title=If it's cool, creative and different, it's indie | publisher=[[CNN]]}}