Terumbu karang: Perbezaan antara semakan

'''Terumbu karang''' ialah satu [[ekosistem]] [[lautan]] terdiri daripada [[terumbu]] [[rangka luar]] yang dibentuk [[Koloni (biologi)|koloni-koloni]] [[polip (zoologi)|polip]] [[karang]] yang merembeskan [[kalsium karbonat]].<ref name="NatGeo">{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/reef/|title=Encyclopedic Entry: Reef|date=30 September 2011|website=Resource Library|publisher=National Geographic Society|location=Washington, DC|access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coral.org/en/coral-reefs-101/how-reefs-are-made/|title=How Reefs Are Made|date=2021|website=Coral Reef Alliance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030053454/https://coral.org/en/coral-reefs-101/how-reefs-are-made/|archive-date=3 November 2021|access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref> Terumbu-terumbu ini menjadi perumah kepada sejumlah hidupan yang besar sekurang-kurangnya 25% daripada semua [[spesies]] lautan<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Spalding MD, Grenfell AM|doi=10.1007/s003380050078| title=New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas| year=1997| journal=Coral Reefs| volume=16| issue=4| pages=225–230|s2cid=46114284}}</ref><ref name="Spalding2">{{Cite book|title=World Atlas of Coral Reefs|last=Spalding|first=Mark|last2=Ravilious|first2=Corinna|last3=Green|first3=Edmund|publisher=University of California Press, UNEP/WCMC|year=2001|isbn=0520232550|location=Berkeley, CA}}</ref><ref name="Mulhall">{{cite webjournal|last1=Mulhall|first1= M. |date=musim bunga 2009|url=http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?19+Duke+Envtl.+L.+&+Pol%27y+F.+321+pdf|title=Saving rainforests of the sea: An analysis of international efforts to conserve coral reefs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106053233/http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?19+Duke+Envtl.+L.+&+Pol%27y+F.+321+pdf |archive-date=6 Januari 2010|journal=Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum |volume=19|pages=321–351}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://coralreef.noaa.gov/aboutcorals/coral101/corallocations/|title=Where are Corals Found?|website=[[Pentadbiran Lautan dan Atmosfera Kebangsaan]]|date=13 Mei 2011|access-date=24 Mac 2015}}</ref> termasuk [[ikan]], [[moluska]], [[cacing]], [[krustasea]], [[ekinoderma]], [[bunga karang]], [[tunikat]] dan hidupan [[cnidaria]] lain.<ref>{{cite book |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=TxrHBCs1u4EC}}|title=Hawaiʻi's Sea Creatures |last=Hoover |first=John |isbn=978-1-56647-220-3 |publisher=Mutual |date=November 2007}}</ref> Terumbu karang pertama kali muncul 485 juta tahun dahulu pada awal zaman [[Ordovisi]] menggantikan terumbu [[bunga karang]] dan [[mikrob]] zaman [[Cambrian|Kambria]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Jeong-Hyun|last2=Chen|first2=Jitao|last3=Chough|first3=Sung Kwun|date=1 June 2015|title=The middle–late Cambrian reef transition and related geological events: A review and new view|journal=Earth-Science Reviews|volume=145|pages=66–84|bibcode=2015ESRv..145...66L|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.03.002|issn=0012-8252}}</ref>