Donald Rumsfeld: Perbezaan antara semakan
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k bot menambah: ko:도널드 럼즈펠드 |
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Baris 49:
*Ahli, ''U.S. Trade Deficit Review Commission'' (1999 - 2000); dan
*Pengerusi, ''U.S. Commission to Assess National Security Space Management and Organization'' (2000).
===Penderaan tahanan===
Kebimbangan awal Jabatan Pertahanan ("Department of Defense's -DOD") berkenaan penahanan, menyimpan, dan menyoal siasat tahanan di medan perang ditimbulkan semasa kejadian sebelum Perang Iraq. Disebabkan sejarah dengan tentera Saddam menyerah apabila berhadapan dengan tindakan ketenteraan, ramai dikalangan DOD termasuk Rumsfeld dan United States Central Command General Tommy Franks memutuskan bahawa adalah baik bagi kepentingan semua bagi menyerahkan tahanan tersebut kepada negara masing-masing. Dengan itu terdapat tekanan kuat dari kebanyakan organisasi Amerika Syarikat dan badan dunia bagi melaksanakan Persetujuan Geneva. Bagaimanapun, Rumsfeld mempertahankan keputusan pentakbiran Bush untuk menahan pejuang musuh tanpa perlindungan di bawah ("Third Geneva Convention"). Disebabkan ini, penkritik (termasuk U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee 11-08 Executive Summary, vote 17-0) menyatakan Rumsfeld bertanggung jawab secara peribadi bagi skandal [[Penjara Abu Ghraib]]. Rumsfeld sendiri menyatakan, "Kejadian ini berlaku semasa tempoh saya sebagai setiausaha pertahanan. Saya bertanggung jawab baginya." <ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/05/09/iraq.abuse.main.int/ "Rumsfeld 'the best'" — CNN]</ref>
[[File:RumsfeldEconomist.jpg|thumb|right|Tuntutan bagi Donald Rumsfeld berhenti berkait dengan penderaan tersebut.]]
[[File:Rumsfeld-4 hours a day.png|thumb|"Saya berdiri 8-10 jam sehari. Mengapa tahanan berdiri dihadkan kepada empat jam?"]]
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In November 2006, the former U.S. Army Brigadier General [[Janis Karpinski]], in charge of [[Abu Ghraib]] prison until early 2004, told Spain's [[El Pais]] newspaper she had seen a letter apparently signed by Rumsfeld that allowed civilian contractors to use techniques such as [[sleep deprivation]] during interrogation. "The methods consisted of making prisoners stand for long periods, sleep deprivation ... playing music at full volume, having to sit in uncomfortably ... Rumsfeld authorised these specific techniques." She said that this was contrary to the [[Geneva Convention]] and quoted from the same "Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to any unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind." According to Karpinski, the handwritten signature was above his printed name and in the same handwriting in the margin was written: "Make sure this is accomplished." According to the February 16, 2008, edition of ''[[The Economist]]'', Rumsfeld also wrote in a 2002 memo; "I stand for 8-10 hours a day. Why is standing [by prisoners] limited to four hours?" There have been no comments from either the Pentagon or U.S. Army spokespeople in Iraq on Karpinski's accusations.<!-- links expired<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/0,2106,3879193a12,00.html "Rumsfeld okayed Abu Ghraib abuses according to former US general" — CBS News]</ref><ref>[http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2678756 "Rumsfeld okayed abuses says former U.S. general" — ABC News]</ref>--><ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L25726413.htm — "Rumsfeld okayed abuses says former US Army general" Reuters News]</ref>
[[Manfred Nowak]], the special representative on torture at the [[UN Commission on Human Rights]], stated in January 2009 that Rumsfeld and others should be prosecuted for [[war crimes]] because of their approval of the interrogation methods used on prisoners at the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3966038,00.html |title=Bush Should Face Prosecution, Says UN Representative|date=2009-01-21|publisher=Deutsche Welle (German Public Radio - World Service)}}</ref>
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