Mikroorganisma: Perbezaan antara semakan
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[[Fail:E coli at 10000x, original.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Sebuah kelompok sari [[bakteria]] ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' dibesarkan 10,000 kali.]]▼
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'''Mikroorganisma''' atau '''mikrob''' merupakan satu organisma mikroskopik (biasanya terlalu kecil untuk dilihat oleh mata kasar manusia). Kajian mengenai mikroorganisma dipanggil [[mikrobiologi]], satu subjek yang bermula dengan penemuan mikroorganisma oleh [[Anton van Leeuwenhoek]] pada [[1675]], menggunakan sebuah [[mikroskop]] reka bentuk sendiri.▼
▲'''Mikroorganisma''' (daripada {{lang-el|μικρός}}, ''mikrós'', "kecil" dan {{Polytonic|ὀργανισμός}}, ''organismós'', "organisma") atau '''mikrob'''
Mikroorganisma sangat berbeza dan merangkumi:
[[Kategori:Biologi]]▼
* [[bakteria]], [[kulat]], [[arkaea]], dan [[protis]];
* [[tumbuhan]] mikroskopik (dikenali sebagai [[alga hijau]]); dan
* [[Mikrohaiwan|haiwan]] seperti [[plankton]] dan [[planaria]].
Sesetengah ahli [[mikrobiologi]] juga memasukkan [[virus]], tetapi yang lain tidak menganggap virus sebagai hidupan.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rybicki EP |title=The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics |journal=S Aft J Sci |volume=86 |pages=182–6 |year=1990 |issn=0038-2353}}</ref><ref name=pmid13481308>{{cite journal
|author=LWOFF A
|title=The concept of virus
|journal=J. Gen. Microbiol.
|volume=17
|issue=2
|pages=239–53
|year=1957
|pmid=13481308
}}</ref> Most microorganisms are unicellular (single-celled), but this is not universal, since some [[multicellular]] organisms are [[microscopic]], while some unicellular protists and bacteria, like ''[[Thiomargarita namibiensis]]'', are [[macroscopic]] and visible to the naked eye.<ref>[http://www.mpg.de/english/illustrationsDocumentation/documentation/pressReleases/1999/news17_99.htm Max Planck Society Research News Release] Accessed 21 May 2009</ref>
Microorganisms live in all parts of the [[biosphere]] where there is liquid [[water]], including [[soil]], [[hot spring]]s, on the [[ocean]] floor, high in the [[atmosphere]] and deep inside rocks within the Earth's [[crust]]. Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in [[ecosystems]] as they act as [[decomposer]]s. As some microorganisms can [[nitrogen fixation|fix nitrogen]], they are a vital part of the [[nitrogen cycle]], and recent studies indicate that airborne microbes may play a role in [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] and weather.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Christner BC, Morris CE, Foreman CM, Cai R, Sands DC |title=Ubiquity of biological ice nucleators in snowfall |journal=Science |volume=319 |issue=5867 |pages=1214 |year=2008 |pmid=18309078 | doi = 10.1126/science.1149757}}</ref>
Microbes are also exploited by people in [[biotechnology]], both in traditional [[Fermentation (food)|food and beverage preparation]], and in modern technologies based on [[genetic engineering]]. However, [[pathogenic microbes]] are harmful, since they invade and grow within other organisms, causing [[disease]]s that kill millions of people, other animals, and plants.<ref>[http://www.who.int/healthinfo/bodgbd2002revised/en/index.html 2002 WHO mortality data] Accessed 20 January 2007</ref>
==Lihat juga==
*[[Biological warfare]]
*[[Biology]]
*[[Culture collection]]
*[[Microbial intelligence]]
*[[Nanobacterium]]
*[[Petri dish]]
*[[Prokaryote]]
*[[Soil contamination]]
*[[Staining (biology)|Staining]]
*[[Virus]]
*[[Bacterium]]
*[[Protozoa]]
*[[Fungi]]
==Rujukan==
{{reflist|2}}
==Pautan luar==
* [http://dels.nas.edu/metagenomics Our Microbial Planet] A free poster from the National Academy of Sciences about the positive roles of microbes.
*[http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000003691/Uncharted_Microbial_World.pdf "Uncharted Microbial World: Microbes and Their Activities in the Environment"] Report from the American Academy of Microbiology
* [http://dels.nas.edu/dels/rpt_briefs/metagenomics_final.pdf Understanding Our Microbial Planet: The New Science of Metagenomics] A 20-page educational booklet providing a basic overview of metagenomics and our microbial planet.
* [http://tolweb.org/Eukaryotes/3 Tree of Life Eukaryotes]
* [http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/categories/index/microbes.php Microbe News from Genome News Network]
*[http://www.professorpatents.com/microbes.htm Microbes Patent List] Microbes Related Patents
* [http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/toc.htm Medical Microbiology] On-line textbook
* [http://www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Book&func=toc&book_id=4 Through the microscope: A look at all things small] On-line microbiology textbook by Timothy Paustian and Gary Roberts, University of Wisconsin-Madison
* [http://www.microbeid.com/ MicrobeID.com] Online Bacteria Identification Key and Probabilistic Identification Databases
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