Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 Oktober 1745) ialah seorang pakar satira dan esei kelahiran Ireland.
Jonathan Swift | |
|---|---|
 Potret lakaran Charles Jervas | |
| Lahir | 30 November 1667 Dublin, Ireland |
| Meninggal dunia | 19 Oktober 1745 (umur 77) Dublin, Ireland |
| Nama pena | Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier, Lemuel Gulliver, Simon Wagstaff, Esq. |
| Pekerjaan | Pakar satira, esei, penyajak dan paderi |
| Bahasa | bahasa Inggeris |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Dublin |
| Karya terkenal | |
| Tandatangan | |
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| Tempat ditanam | St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin |
Biografi sunting
Awal hidup dan pendidikan sunting
Jonathan Swift lahir pada 30 November 1667 di Dublin, Ireland. Beliau anak kedua dan satu-satunya anak lelaki dalam keluarganya; ayahnya yang juga bernama Jonathan Swift (1640–1667) seorang kelahiran Herefordshire yang berhijrah mengikuti firma perguaman adik-beradiknya selepas Perang Saudara Inggeris manakala ibunya Abigail Erick (atau Herrick) seorang suri rumah dari Frisby on the Wreake.[1]
Beliau menghadiri Universiti Dublin (Trinity College, Dublin) pada tahun 1682[2] biayaan sepupunya dan anak saudara Godwin, Willoughby.
Kerjaya penulisan sunting
Swift menulis banyak karya ketika mendiami bandar Trim di Kaunti Meath selepas tahun 1700.
Kerjaya politik sunting
Beliau menyokong kuat revolusi yang berlangsung menentang golongan Katolik yang ingin menempatkan kuasa mereka semula dalam England. Beliau sendiri menganggotai Parti Whig ketika beliau masih remaja.[3][4]
Swift berkecenderungan ke arah Parti Tory beberapa lama kemudian. Apabila parti tersebut muncul memerintah pada tahun 1710, beliau mengambil peranannya dengan menjadi penyunting kepada akhbar The Examiner yang menjadi lidah parti tersebut.
Senja hidup sunting
Senarai karya terpilih sunting
Karangan dan risalah sunting
- "A Meditation upon a Broom-stick" (1703–1710)
- "A Tritical Essay upon the Faculties of the Mind" (1707–1711)
- The Bickerstaff-Partridge Papers (1708–1709): Full text: U of Adelaide]
- "An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity" (1708–1711)
- The Intelligencer (bersama Thomas Sheridan) (1719–1788): Text: Project Gutenberg
- Ourcivilisation.com, The Examiner (1710)
- "A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue Diarkibkan 2005-11-02 di Wayback Machine" (1712)
- "On the Conduct of the Allies" (1711)
- "Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation" (1713)
- "A Letter to a Young Gentleman, Lately Entered into Holy Orders" (1720)
- "A Letter of Advice to a Young Poet" (1721): Full text: Bartleby.com
- Drapier's Letters (1724, 1725): Full text: Project Gutenberg
- "Bon Mots de Stella" (1726): a curiously irrelevant appendix to "Gulliver's Travels"
- "A Modest Proposal", perhaps the most notable satire in English, suggesting that the Irish should engage in cannibalism. (Written in 1729)
- "An Essay on the Fates of Clergymen"
- "A Treatise on Good Manners and Good Breeding": Full text: Bartleby.com
- "A modest address to the wicked authors of the present age. Particularly the authors of Christianity not founded on argument; and of The resurrection of Jesus considered" (1743-5?)
Rujukan sunting
- ^ Stephen, Leslie (1898). . Dalam Lee, Sidney (penyunting). Dictionary of National Biography. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co. m/s. 204.
- ^ "Alumni Dublinenses Supplement p116: a register of the students, graduates, professors and provosts of Trinity College in the University of Dublin (1593–1860) Burtchaell, G.D/Sadlier, T.U: Dublin, Alex Thom and Co, 1935
- ^ Fox, Christopher (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Jonathan Swift. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 36–39.
- ^ Cody, David. "Jonathan Swift's Political Beliefs". Victorian Web.
Pautan luar sunting
- Karya-karya oleh Jonathan Swift di Projek Gutenberg
- Karya oleh atau tentang Jonathan Swift di Internet Archive
- Jonathan Swift di National Portrait Gallery, London