Tatar Crimea
Orang Tatar Kirimiyah (Bahasa Tatar Crimea: قرىم تاتارلر qırımtatarlar, къырымтатарлар), orang Kirim atau orang Krimea (Bahasa Tatar Crimea: قرىملر qırımlar, къырымлар), ialah kumpulan etnik dan negara Turki yang merupakan penduduk asli semenanjung Krimea (Qırım atau Kirim). Pembentukan dan etnogenesis orang ini berlaku pada abad ke-13-17, menyatukan orang Cuman yang muncul di Krimea pada abad ke-10 dengan orang lain yang pernah mendiami Krimea sejak zaman purba dan secara beransur-ansur menjalani perubahan memeluk budaya Tatar (atau "pentataran"), termasuk orang Yunani, Itali dan Goth.[10]
qırımtatarlar, къырымтатарлар qırımlılar, къырымлылар | |
|---|---|
 Bendera etnik Tatar Kirimiyah | |
 Orang Tatar Crimea berpakaian tradisional di hadapan Istana Khan | |
| Kawasan ramai penduduk | |
 Ukraine | 248,193[1] |
 Uzbekistan | 239,000[2] |
 Turki | tiada data tepat. Menurut pelbagai anggaran dari sekurang-kurangnya 150,000 kepada 6,000,000[3][4] |
 Romania | 24,137[5] |
 Rusia | 2,449[6] |
 Bulgaria | 1,803[7] |
 Kazakhstan | 1,532[8] |
 Amerika Syarikat:
| 7,000[perlu rujukan] 500–1,000[9] |
| Bahasa | |
| Agama | |
| Islam Sunni | |
| Kumpulan etnik berkaitan | |
| Tatar Dobrujan, Nogais, Lipka Tatars | |
Rujukan sunting
- ^ The distribution of the population by nationality [ethnicity] and mother tongue
- ^ Big Russian Encyclopedia – Crimean Tatars
- ^ In Turkey, censuses do not indicate nationality, so it is impossible to say exactly (or even approximately) how many Crimean Tatars are in Turkey. However, it is known that no less than 6 million Turks are descendants of the Crimean Tatars who emigrated from Crimea and the Northern Black Sea region after 1783, when the Russian Empire annexed the Crimean Khanate. What part of them continues to consider themselves as Crimean Tatars, and which do not remember their roots, is unknown.
- ^ "Crimean Tatars and Noghais in Turkey".
- ^ "Recensamant Romania 2002". Agentia Nationala pentru Intreprinderi Mici si Mijlocii (dalam bahasa Romania). 2002. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 May 2007. Dicapai pada 5 August 2007.
- ^ Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity Diarkibkan 24 April 2012 di Wayback Machine (dalam bahasa Rusia)
- ^ "Bulgaria Population census 2001".
- ^ (dalam bahasa Rusia) Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Перепись 2009. Diarkibkan 1 Mei 2012 di Wayback Machine (Национальный состав населения Diarkibkan 11 Mei 2011 di Wayback Machine.rar)
- ^ The Crimean Tatar National Movement and the American Diaspora
- ^ "История этногенеза крымских татар | Ана юрт". ana-yurt.com. Dicapai pada 18 December 2019.
Bacaan lanjut sunting
- Conquest, Robert. 1970. The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (London: Macmillan). (ISBN 0-333-10575-3)
- Fisher, Alan W. 1978. The Crimean Tatars. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. (ISBN 0-8179-6661-7)
- Fisher, Alan W. 1998. Between Russians, Ottomans and Turks: Crimea and Crimean Tatars (Istanbul: Isis Press, 1998). (ISBN 975-428-126-2)
- Nekrich, Alexander. 1978. The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War (New York: W. W. Norton). (ISBN 0-393-00068-0)
- Quelquejay, Lemercier. "The Tatars of the Crimea, a retrospective summary." Central Asian Review 16#1 (1968): 15–25.
- Uehling, Greta (June 2000). "Squatting, self-immolation, and the repatriation of Crimean Tatars". Nationalities Papers. 28 (2): 317–341. doi:10.1080/713687470. S2CID 140736004.
- Williams, Brian Glyn. "The hidden ethnic cleansing of Muslims in the Soviet Union: The exile and repatriation of the Crimean Tatars." Journal of Contemporary History (2002): 323–347. in JSTOR
- Williams, Brian Glyn. "The Crimean Tatar exile in Central Asia: a case study in group destruction and survival." Central Asian Survey 17.2 (1998): 285–317.
- Williams, Brian Glyn. "The Ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars. An Historical Reinterpretation" Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (2001) 11#3 pp. 329–348 in JSTOR
- Williams, Brian G., The Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation, Leyden: Brill, 2001.
Bahasa lain sunting
- Vozgrin, Valery, 2013, Istoriya krymskykh tatar ((dalam bahasa Rusia) Valery Vozgrin "Исторические судьбы крымских татар"), Simferopol (four volumes).
- Smirnov V D, 1886, Krymskoe khanstvo
- Campana (Aurélie), Dufaud (Grégory) and Tournon (Sophie) (ed.), Les Déportations en héritage. Les peuples réprimés du Caucase et de Crimée, hier et aujourd'hui, Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2009.
- Bykova, Tetyana (2015). Політичне та соціально-економічне становище в Криму (від середини XVIII ст. до 1917 р.) (PDF). Kyiv.
- Serhiychuk, Volodymyr (2008). Етнічні межі і державний кордон України. Kyiv: ПП Сергійчук M. І. ISBN 978-966-2911-24-4.
Pautan luar sunting
| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Tatar Crimea |
- Official website of Qirim Tatar Cultural Association of Canada
- Official web-site of Bizim QIRIM International Nongovernmental Organization
- International Committee for Crimea
- UNDP Crimea Integration and Development Programme
- Crimean Tatar Home Page
- Crimean Tatars
- Crimean Tatar words (Turkish)
- Crimean Tatar words (English)
- State Defense Committee Decree No. 5859ss: On Crimean Tatars (See also Three answers to the Decree No. 5859ss)
- Crimean Tatars; Essays on Central Asia Index Essays on Central Asia Index
- 'Крымская солидарность; ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ ДОМОЙ. РУСТЕМ ВАИТОВ' (YouTube channel of Crimean Tatar Solidarity; story of Rustem Vaitov returning home after 5 years of jail)