Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Purba

Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Purba ialah senarai pembinaan klasik yang diberikan oleh pelbagai penulis dalam buku panduan atau puisi yang terkenal di kalangan pelancong Helenik purba.^[1]^[2] Walaupun senarai itu, dalam bentuknya sekarang, tidak menstabilkan hingga Renaissance, senarai pertama tujuh keajaiban yang pertama kali dari abad ke-1 SM. Senarai asal mengilhamkan versi yang tidak terhitung sejak zaman, sering menyenaraikan tujuh kemasukan. Daripada Tujuh Keajaiban yang asal, hanya satu—Piramid Besar Giza (juga dikenali sebagai Piramid Khufu, selepas firaun yang membinanya), yang tertua dalam keajaiban kuno-tetap kekal utuh. Patung Raksasa Rhodes, Rumah Api Iskandariah, Makam di Halicarnassus, Kuil Artemis dan Patung Zeus semuanya musnah. Lokasi dan takdir terakhir Taman Tergantung tidak diketahui, dan ada spekulasi bahawa mereka mungkin tidak wujud sama sekali.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Keajaiban sunting

Nama	Tarikh pembinaan	Pembina	Tarikh kemusnahan	Punca kemusnahan	Lokasi moden
Great Pyramid of Giza	2584 – 2561 BC	Egyptians	Masih wujud, majoriti façade hilang	Giza Necropolis, Egypt 29°58′45.03″N 31°08′03.69″E / 29.9791750°N 31.1343583°E / 29.9791750; 31.1343583 (Great Pyramid of Giza)
Hanging Gardens of Babylon (existence unresolved)^[7]	s. 600 BC (evident)	Babylonians or Assyrians	After 1st century AD	Unknown	Hillah or Nineveh, Iraq 32°32′08″N 44°25′39″E / 32.5355°N 44.4275°E / 32.5355; 44.4275 (Hanging Gardens of Babylon)
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus	s. 550 BC; and again at 323 BC	Greeks, Lydians	356 BC (by Herostratus) AD 262 (by the Goths)	Arson by Herostratus, plundering	Near Selçuk, Turkey 37°56′59″N 27°21′50″E / 37.94972°N 27.36389°E / 37.94972; 27.36389 (Temple of Artemis at Ephesus)
Statue of Zeus at Olympia	466 – 456 BC (temple) 435 BC (statue)	Greeks	5th – 6th centuries AD	Disassembled and reassembled at Constantinople; later destroyed by fire	Olympia, Greece 37°38′16.3″N 21°37′48″E / 37.637861°N 21.63000°E / 37.637861; 21.63000 (Statue of Zeus at Olympia)
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus	351 BC	Greeks,^[8]^[9] Persians, Carians	12th – 15th century AD	Earthquakes	Bodrum, Turkey 37°02′16″N 27°25′27″E / 37.0379°N 27.4241°E / 37.0379; 27.4241 (Mausoleum at Halicarnassus)
Colossus of Rhodes	292 – 280 BC	Greeks	226 BC	226 BC Rhodes earthquake	Rhodes, Greece 36°27′04″N 28°13′40″E / 36.45111°N 28.22778°E / 36.45111; 28.22778 (Colossus of Rhodes)
Lighthouse of Alexandria	s. 280 BC	Greeks, Ptolemaic Egyptians	AD 1303 – 1480	1303 Crete earthquake	Alexandria, Egypt 31°12′50″N 29°53′08″E / 31.21389°N 29.88556°E / 31.21389; 29.88556 (Lighthouse of Alexandria)

Lihat juga sunting

Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia

Rujukan sunting

^ Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V. 2.11.5: Perseus Project, Tufts University.CS1 maint: location (link)
^ Clayton, Peter A.; Price, Martin (2013-08-21). The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Routledge. m/s. 158. ISBN 9781136748097. Dicapai pada 25 November 2016.
^ "History of the Past: World History".
^ Paul Lunde (May–June 1980). "The Seven Wonders". Saudi Aramco World. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-10-13. Dicapai pada 2009-09-12. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ Clayton, Peter; Martin J. Price (1990). The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Routledge. m/s. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-05036-4.
^ Biographical Dictionary Volume III (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1843. m/s. 48. Dicapai pada 25 November 2016.
^ There is some conjecture as to whether the Hanging Gardens actually existed, or were purely legendary (see Finkel, Irving (1988) “The Hanging Gardens of Babylon,” In The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Edited by Peter Clayton and Martin Price, Routledge, New York, pp. 38 ff. ISBN 0-415-05036-7).
^ Kostof, Spiro (1985). A History of Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. m/s. 9. ISBN 0-19-503473-2.
^ Gloag, John (1969) [1958]. Guide to Western Architecture (ed. Revised). The Hamlyn Publishing Group. m/s. 362.

Bacaan lanjut sunting

Clayton, Peter A., and Martin Price. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. New York: Dorset, 1989.
Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf. “The mausoleum of Theoderic and the Seven Wonders of the World.” Journal of Late Antiquity 3, no. 2 (2010): 365-85.
D'Epiro, Peter, and Mary Desmond Pinkowish. What Are the Seven Wonders of the World? and 100 Other Great Cultural Lists. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1988.
Jordan, Paul. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Harlow, UK: Longman, 2002.
Mueller, Artur. The seven wonders of the world: Five thousand years of culture and history in the ancient world. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Romer, John, and Elizabeth Romer. The Seven Wonders of the World: A History of the Modern Imagination. 1st American ed. New York: Henry Holt, 1995.

Pautan luar sunting

How the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Work: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Plants in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Artistic Renditions of the Hanging Gardens and the city of Babylon
Animation of 3D virtual Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Lost Gardens of Babylon Documentary produced by the PBS Series Secrets of the Dead

[1] Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V. 2.11.5: Perseus Project, Tufts University.CS1 maint: location (link)

[2] Clayton, Peter A.; Price, Martin (2013-08-21). The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Routledge. m/s. 158. ISBN 9781136748097. Dicapai pada 25 November 2016.

[history-3] "History of the Past: World History".

[seven-4] Paul Lunde (May–June 1980). "The Seven Wonders". Saudi Aramco World. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-10-13. Dicapai pada 2009-09-12. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[5] Clayton, Peter; Martin J. Price (1990). The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Routledge. m/s. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-05036-4.

[6] Biographical Dictionary Volume III (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1843. m/s. 48. Dicapai pada 25 November 2016.

[7] There is some conjecture as to whether the Hanging Gardens actually existed, or were purely legendary (see Finkel, Irving (1988) “The Hanging Gardens of Babylon,” In The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Edited by Peter Clayton and Martin Price, Routledge, New York, pp. 38 ff. ISBN 0-415-05036-7).

[Kostof-8] Kostof, Spiro (1985). A History of Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. m/s. 9. ISBN 0-19-503473-2.

[Gloag-9] Gloag, John (1969) [1958]. Guide to Western Architecture (ed. Revised). The Hamlyn Publishing Group. m/s. 362.

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