Grace Hall Hemingway
Grace Hall Hemingway (15 Jun 1872 - 28 Mei 1951) ialah seorang penyanyi opera, guru muzik, dan pelukis Amerika. Beliau merupakan ibu kepada Ernest Hemingway.
Grace Hall Hemingway | |
|---|---|
 Keluarga Hemingway pada tahun 1905, dari kiri : Marcelline, Madelaine ("Sunny"), Clarence, Grace, Ursula, dan Ernest | |
| Kelahiran | Grace Ernestine Hall 15 Jun 1872 |
| Meninggal dunia | 28 Jun 1951 (umur 79) |
| Pekerjaan | Penyanyi opera, guru muzik, komposer, pelukis |
| Pasangan | Clarence Edmonds Hemingway (1896-1928; meninggal) |
| Anak-anak | 6, termasuk Ernest dan Leicester |
Kehidupan awal sunting
Grace Ernestine Hall dilahirkan pada 15 Jun 1872 di Chicago. Beliau ialah anak perempuan kepada pasangan saudagar kaya Ernest Miller Hall (1840-1905) dan Caroline Hancock (1843-1895), keduanya penduduk asal Inggeris.[1] Adik lelakinya, Leicester, lahir pada tahun 1874. Hall mempelajari biola dan piano, serta mengikuti kursus menyanyi ketika zaman mudanya. Pada tahun 1886, keluarganya berpindah ke Oak Park, di mana beliau bersekolah di Sekolah Tinggi Oak Park dan River Forest dan pertama kali bertemu bakal suaminya, Clarence Edmonds 'Ed' Hemingway (1871-1928).[2]
Rujukan sunting
Nota kaki sunting
- ^ Sanford 1961, m/s. 49.
- ^ Sanford 1961, m/s. 54.
Bibliografi sunting
- Cassin, Virginia (1997). The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park Volunteer Manual. Oak Park, Illinois: The Ernest Hemingway Foundation.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Howes, Durward; Braun, Mary L.; Garvey, Rose, penyunting (1937). "Hemingway, Grace Hall". American Women: the Official Who's Who among the Women of the Nation, 1937–1938 (hardcover). Vol. II. Los Angeles, CA: American Publications.
|volume=has extra text (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Kert, Bernice (1983). The Hemingway Women: Those Who Loved Him — The Wives and Others. WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31835-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Leonard, John William, penyunting (1914). "Hemingway, Grace Hall". Woman's Who's Who of America, 1914-15. New York: The American Commonwealth Company. m/s. 380.
- Moddelmog, Debra A.; del Gizzo, Suzanne, penyunting (2012). Ernest Hemingway in Context (softcover). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-42931-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Justice, Hilary K. (2012). "Chapter 19. Music". Ernest Hemingway in Context (softcover). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. m/s. 193–203. ISBN 978-1-107-42931-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Comley, Nancy R. (2012). "Chapter 42. Women". Ernest Hemingway in Context (softcover). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. m/s. 409–417. ISBN 978-1-107-42931-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sanford, Marcelline Hemingway (1961). At the Hamingways: A Family Portrait. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wagner-Martin, Linda, penyunting (2000). A Historical Guide to Ernest Hemingway (softcover). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512152-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Reynolds, Michael (2000). "Ernest Hemingway, 1899–1961: A Brief Biography". A Historical Guide to Ernest Hemingway (softcover). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. m/s. 15–52. ISBN 978-0-19-512152-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)