Pisau cukur: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
Baris 39:
Ini diikuti dengan katrij berbilang pencukur dan pencukur pakai buang. bagi setiap pencukur boleh diganti, pada umumnya terdapat pisau cukur pakai buang.
Pada 1930-an, pencukur eletrik dijual. Ia mampu menyaingi kos pisau cukur lurus yang baik, sungguhpun kos keseluruhan kit pencukur lurus mampu melebihi kos pencukur eletrik yang mahal.
== Pisau cukur lurus ==
[[File:Filosa.JPG|thumb|Pisau cukur lurus jenama Filosa dari Mexico (pertengahan kurun ke-20) dari koleksi kekal Museo del Objeto del Objeto.]]
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In the 1930s, [[electric razor]]s became available. These can rival the cost of a good straight razor, although the whole straight-razor shaving kit can exceed the cost of even an expensive electric razor.
== Straight razors ==
[[File:Filosa.JPG|thumb|Filosa brand straight razor blades from Mexico (mid 20th century) from the permanent collection of the [[Museo del Objeto del Objeto]].]]
Straight razors with open steel blades, also commonly known as cut-throats, were the most commonly used razors before the 20th century. They are now chiefly used by [[barber]]s.
Straight razors consist of a blade sharpened on one edge. The blade can be made of either stainless steel, which is slower to hone and strop, and holds an edge longer, or high carbon steel, which hones and strops quickly, but has a less durable edge. At present, stainless-steel razors are harder to find than carbon steel, but both remain in production.
The blade rotates on a pin through its tang between two protective pieces called scales: when folded into the scales, the blade is protected from damage, and the user is protected. Handle scales are made of various materials, including mother-of-pearl, celluloid, bone, plastic and wood. Once made of [[ivory]], this has been discontinued, although fossil ivory is used occasionally.
== Disposable blade straight razors ==
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[[Image:Wikiraz.jpg|thumb|right|Collection of modern disposable razors]]
Razors which are similar in use and appearance to straight razors but which use either a standard double edged blade or specially made blades are available.
Disposable bladed straights have many of the advantages of straight razors without needing the stropping and honing of ordinary straight razors.
Disposable blade straight razors can be resharpened.
== Safety razors ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Timeline of invention]] -->
{{Main|Safety razor}}
[[Image:Merkur heavy duty safety razor.jpg|thumb|right|A modern double-edged safety razor.]]
The first safety razor protected the skin from all but the very edge of the blade and was invented in the late 19th century by a Frenchman, Jean-Jacques Perret, who was inspired by the [[Plane (tool)|joiner's plane]]. In 1875, it was marketed by the Kampfe Brothers as "the best available shaving method on the market that won’t cut a user, like straight steel razors."
In 1901, the American inventor [[King C. Gillette|King Camp Gillette]], with the assistance of William Nickerson, invented a safety razor with disposable blades. Gillette realized that a profit could be made by selling an inexpensive razor with disposable blades. This has been called the [[Razor and blades business model]], and has become a very common practice for a wide variety of products.
There are also safety razors that are made of inexpensive materials that are meant to be wholly disposable. One device was invented in 1963 by American entertainer and inventor [[Paul Winchell]].<ref name="mickeynews.com">[http://www.mickeynews.com/paul-winchell-invented-the-first-disposable-razor.html Paul Winchell invented the first disposable razor.]. Mickey News (2004-01-08). Retrieved on 2012-09-14.</ref>
[[Sandvik]] is one of the world's leading manufacturers of [[razor blade steel]] for safety razors. [[Martensitic]] [[stainless]] [[chromium steel]] is delivered as [[cold-rolled]] strip steel with close dimensional tolerances and high accuracy on flatness and straightness.
== Electric razors ==
[[Image:oscillating electric razor.jpg|thumb|Foil-type cordless razor.]]
[[File:Philishave hq5426.jpg|thumb|Rotary razor]]
The electric razor (also known as the electric dry shaver) has a rotating or oscillating blade. The electric razor usually does not require the use of [[shaving cream]], soap, or water. The razor may be powered by a small [[Electric motor|DC motor]], which is either powered by [[Battery (electricity)|batteries]] or [[mains electricity]]. Many modern ones are powered using [[rechargeable batteries]]. Alternatively, an electro-mechanical [[oscillator]] driven by an AC-energized [[solenoid]] may be used. Some very early mechanical shavers had no electric motor and had to be powered by hand, for example by pulling a cord to drive a flywheel.
The first electric razor was patented in 1928 by the American manufacturer Col. [[Jacob Schick]]. The [[Remington Rand]] Corporation developed the electric razor further, first producing the Remington brand of razor in 1937. Another important inventor was Prof. [[Alexandre Horowitz]], from [[Philips]] Laboratories in the [[Netherlands]], who invented the very successful concept of the revolving (rotary) electric razor. It has a shaving head consisting of cutters that cut off the hair entering the head of the razor at skin level. The major manufacturers introduce new improvements to the hair cutting mechanism of their products each few years. Each manufacturer sells several different generations of cutting mechanism at the same time, and for each generation, several models with different features and accessories to reach various price points. The improvements to the cutting mechanisms tend to 'trickle-down' to lower priced models over time.
Early versions of electric razors were meant to be used on dry skin only. Many recent electric razors have been designed to allow for wet/dry use, which also allows them to be cleaned using running water or an included cleaning machine, reducing cleaning effort. Some patience is necessary when starting to use a razor of this type, as the skin usually takes some time to adjust to the way that the electric razor lifts and cuts the hairs. Moisturizers designed specifically for electric shaving are available.
Some modern styles of electric [[hair clippers]] include bulk hair clippers, which are used to remove a bulk of the hair being shaved; main hair clippers, on which guards are attached to achieve a perfect length all over the head; and mini clippers, which are used to trim the edges of the haircut.
==Battery-powered electric razors ==
[[Image:Shaver battery.JPG|thumb|The standard AA-size Ni-Cd battery (600 mAh) is soldered in place, deterring user replacement.]]
Since at least the mid-1960s,<ref>[http://pedewei.home.xs4all.nl/index.htm Electric Shaver Museum]. Pedewei.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved on 2012-09-14.</ref> battery operated electric razors have been available using [[rechargeable batteries]] sealed inside the razor's case, previously [[Nickel-cadmium batteries|nickel cadmium]] or more recently [[nickel metal hydride batteries|nickel metal hydride]]. Some modern shavers use [[Lithium-ion batteries]] that do not suffer from memory effect. Sealed battery shavers either have built-in or external charging devices. Some shavers may be designed to plug directly into a wall outlet with a swing out or pop-up plug, or have a detachable AC cord. Other shavers have recharging base units which plug into an AC outlet, which provide DC power at the base contacts (eliminating the need for the AC to DC converter to be inside the razor, reducing the risk of [[electric shock]]).
Some models, generally marketed as "travel razors" (or "travel shavers"), use removable rechargeable or disposable batteries, usually size [[AA battery|AA]] or [[AAA battery|AAA]]. This offers the option of purchasing batteries while traveling instead of carrying a charging device.
Wet/dry razors, designed to allow use with soap and water, are exclusively of the battery-operated type (for electrical safety).
== Other razors ==
[[Image:BeardClipSqueeze.jpg|thumb|[[Hair clipper|Manual beard clipper]].]]
A ''single-edge razor blade'' was manufactured prior to the advent of the double edge razor, for various applications where the blade is required to be hand-held. Single-edge blades are often a more rigid carbon steel and much thicker. They are used in carpentry for detailed work, sanding, and scraping (in a specialized holder), in mechanical drawing for paper cutting, in plumbing and finish work for grouting and cleaning, for removing paint from flat surfaces such as panes of glass, and in many other applications. Razors are also sometimes used in [[bread]] production to slash the surface of an unbaked loaf; in this usage, they are referred to using the French word ''[[Lame (kitchen tool)|lame]]''.
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==Lihat juga ==
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