Staf Am Jerman: Perbezaan antara semakan

'''Staf Am Jerman''' atau '''German General Staff''', pada asalnya '''Staf Am Prusia''' atau '''Prussian General Staff''' dan secara rasminya '''Staf Am Besar''' atau '''Great General Staff''' (''Grosser Generalstab''), ialah sebuah badan sepenuh masa yang memimpin [[Tentera Darat Prusia]] dan kemudian, [[Tentera Darat Jerman]], bertanggungjawab bagi meneruskan kajian semua aspek [[peperangan]], dan bagi merencana dan mengkaji semula rancangan untuk pengerahan atau kempen ketenteraan. Ia wujud sejak tahun 1806, dan secara rasminya ditubuhkan melalui undang-undang pada tahun 1814, dengan itu [[Staf Am]] pertama wujud. Ia terkenal dengan pemilihan rasmi pegawai melalui kebijaksanaan dan [[Sistem merit|merit kukuh]] dan bukan dari naungan atau kekayaan, dan dengan latihan bersistem yang menyeluruh dan ketat sistemyang mana pegawai-pegawai stafstafnya telahturut melaksanakanterlibat. Kebangkitan dan pembangunannya memberikan angkatan tentera Jerman kelebihan strategik yang muktamad ke atas musuh-musuh mereka selama hampir satu abad setengah.

Staf Am Prusia alsojuga enjoyedmendapat greaterbanyak freedomkebebasan fromdaripada politicalpenguasaan controlpolitik than its contemporaries, and this autonomy was enshrined in law on the establishment of the [[GermanEmpayar EmpireJerman]] in 1871. It came to be regarded as the home of German militarism in the aftermath of the [[WorldPerang WarDunia I|First World War]], and the victors attempted to suppress the institution. It nevertheless survived to play its accustomed part in the [[rearmament of Germany]] and the [[WorldPerang WarDunia II|Second World War]].

Until the end of the [[GermanEmpayar EmpireJerman]], social and political convention often placed members of noble or royal households in command of its armies or corps but the actual responsibility for the planning and conduct of operations lay with the formation's staff officers. For other European armies which lacked this professionally trained staff corps, the same conventions were often a recipe for disaster. Even the Army of the [[FrenchEmpayar SecondPerancis EmpireKedua]], whose senior officers had supposedly reached high rank as a result of bravery and success on the battlefield, wastelah crusheddimusnahkan byoleh thetentera PrussianPrusia anddan othertentera GermanJerman armiesyang lain dalam kempen [[FrancoPerang Perancis-Prussian War|in a campaignPrusia]] which highlighted their poor administration and planning, and lack of professional education.

TheKetua Chief of StaffTurus of a Prussian formation in the field had the right to disagree, in writing, with the plans or orders of the commander of the formation, and appeal to the commander of the next highest formation (which might ultimately be the King, or Emperor, who would be guided by the Head of the Great General Staff). This served as a check on incompetence and also served for the objecting officer to officially disassociate himself with a flawed plan. Only the most stubborn commanders would not give way before this threat.